DNP 805 Case Report Health Care Informatics

Grand Canyon University DNP 805 Case Report Health Care Informatics– Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University DNP 805 Case Report Health Care Informatics  assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for DNP 805 Case Report Health Care Informatics     

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NUR 550 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Project: Literature Review depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for DNP 805 Case Report Health Care Informatics     

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University DNP 805 Case Report Health Care Informatics  is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for DNP 805 Case Report Health Care Informatics     

After the introduction, move into the main part of the DNP 805 Case Report Health Care Informatics assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for DNP 805 Case Report Health Care Informatics     

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for DNP 805 Case Report Health Care Informatics     

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for DNP 805 Case Report Health Care Informatics

Case Report: Health Care Informatics 

The treatment and management of diseases in the care environment have undergone drastic changes and evolution in recent years. While nurses have been at the center stage of managing patients with various conditions, the strategies applied in such a process have changed from time to time, with the major focus on coming up with the best strategies. The implication is that there has been improved patient care, with the patients reportedly experiencing better outcomes. Technology has played a key role in such a process (Nair & Dreyfus, 2018). Various technological applications have found their way into healthcare and therefore have been used in managing conditions such as pressure ulcers. Therefore, the purpose of this problem is to explore a specific disease process and describe a technological element that can be applied in offering care to a patient experiencing the disease as well as patient practice. In addition, the paper will focus on how the technology will help in integrating treatment within the identified care setting. 

The Disease Process and the Problem Statement 

Pressure ulcers, sometimes called bedsores refer to the injuries to the skin and other underlying tissues which come from sustained pressure on an individual’s skin. They are commonly experienced on the skin parts which cover the body’s bony areas, such as the tailbone, hips, ankles, and the heals, among others (BoykoTatiana et al., 2018). Pressure ulcers can be developed by individuals while in various care settings such as rehabilitation, long-term, and acute care facilities. When individuals develop pressure ulcers, they may have an experience of increased pain and prolonged hospitalization, treatment, and healing times. While the problem is prevalent in the acute and long-term care settings, various interventions have been applied in the past with non-satisfactory results. The implication is that better strategies should be explored to help in managing the conditions better. However, such efforts are dented due to incorrect management of the medical devices and insufficient knowledge regarding pressure ulcer treatment, the risk factors, and the etiology. 

The Synthesized Literature Review 

The devastating impacts of pressure ulcers in the acute care setting lead to an exploration of literature regarding the existing literature on the conditions. As such, various peer-reviewed article databases were used to obtain relevant articles which have been explored and synthesized in this section. Gaspar et al. (2019) explored the impact of prevention strategies applied in the prevention of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers. This research entailed a review of close to thirty research articles that reported the prevention strategies for pressure ulcers. From the analysis, the researcher found out that the use of system reminders on-screen, preventive skin care, educating the health care professional, and application of dressing in the heals, trochanters, and the sacrum was found to be more effective (Gaspar et al., 2019). In addition, this analysis also found that many of the studies which dealt with the use of multiple intervention programs reported high efficacy in decreasing pressure ulcers. Another highlight of this analysis was that studies which used single interventions such as repositioning and the use of support surfaces were not always impactful in pressure ulcer prevention. 

Clay et al. (2018) conducted a study that aimed at determining the incidence and cause of device-associated pressure ulcers and formulate interventions for preventing device-related pressure ulcers. This study focused on exploring two of the most offensive devices, which include the Continuous Positive Pressure and the Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure masks. Before the use of the proposed intervention, the researchers noted that within a period of two years, the pressure injuries connected to the medical devices were as high as 81% of the hospital-acquired pressure ulcers. The intervention applied in this project was adhesive foam dressing on individuals with the Continuous Positive Pressure and the Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure masks and before orthopedic spinal surgery. The intervention targeted the prevention of operating room and device positioning pressure ulcers. The application of the intervention led to a drastic drop in the cases of pressure ulcer development. 

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Mervis and Phillips (2019) also explored strategies for preventing and managing pressure ulcers. According to this research, prevention is the major focus of pressure ulcer research, and even though efforts have been made toward preventing the problem, pressure ulcers are still prevalent in hospitals and community settings. This source explored various strategies that can be applied to prevent the condition. One of them is repositioning. This strategy seeks to avoid extended periods of locally sustained pressure. Even though there have been suggestions of repositioning after every two hours, several studies have disputed this since studies done by using repositioning every two hours produced non-significant results. 

The next intervention explored in this study is the use of support surfaces. This entails using specialized surfaces such as overlays and mattresses that have been made to minimize shear and lower pressure. There are also alternating pressure and constant low-pressure supports that have been used towards reducing pressure ulcers. These surfaces have been shown to be more effective in comparison to standard mattresses (Mervis & Phillips, 2019). The next intervention that has been applied is nutrition. This intervention has been used as guided by the fact that nutritional deficiencies can lead to skin breakdown. Therefore, as part of the strategy, a nutritional assessment is performed on the patients to help prevent pressure ulcers. During such assessments, mineral, vitamin, calorie, and protein deficiencies are checked, and necessary steps are taken to ensure that the patient is not deficient in any of them for better pressure ulcer prevention. 

These researchers also explored the use of dressings such as prophylactic dressings that are key in reducing the impacts of shear and friction. Dressing such as foams, hydrocolloids, and films are used to minimize the impacts of shear or friction on all the at-risk body parts. Besides, topical agents such as fatty acid creams have also been applied to help in the reduction of pressure ulcer incidences (Mervis & Phillips, 2019). These fatty acid creams include ointments, lotions, and other creams. 

The Description of the condition 

As earlier pointed out, pressure ulcers are common in care settings and entail injuries to the skin and underlying tissues as caused by sustained pressure on the skin. Even though considerable attention has been given to the condition, it still remains a substantial source of mortality and morbidity (Mervis & Phillips, 2019). The implication is that pressure ulcers still lead to a considerable burn for the healthcare system and the patients who are impacted negatively in several ways by the condition. Even though pressure ulcers come as a result of overall poor health or due to other medical conditions, most cases of this condition can be avoided or prevented. As such, various preventive measures have been applied in recent times, which focus on improving the care outcomes at affordable costs. However, in the cases where a patient has already developed pressure ulcers, then surgical management, non-operative strategies, and appropriate wound care are indicated. These treatment and management strategies can be integrated with the preventive measures for better outcomes. 

Pressure ulcers can make the patients to have various problems. One of the problems resulting from pressure ulcers is pain. In some cases, pressure ulcers can lead to wounds that can be painful, making the patients experience negative outcomes. The other impact is longer hospital stays. When patients are admitted to the hospital due to other conditions, the development of pressure ulcers would mean that they may have to spend extra days in the hospital since the condition still has to be managed (BoykoTatiana et al., 2018). The implication is that these patients can be exposed to other hospital-acquired infections, which can further adversely impact the patient’s condition. Various barriers to care exist. The major barriers include incorrect management of the medical devices, insufficient knowledge regarding pressure ulcer treatment, the risk factors, and the etiology. 

The case entails a 50-year-old patient who was admitted to the acute care setting for a bad general condition. The patient was completely immobile and had a history of sclerosis, having experienced multiple cases. The patient had pressure ulcers in the legs and arms. Even though the patient had been offered some care, it is a great challenge to position the patient since the patient experiences severe pain and also has physical limitations. However, the patient is fully oriented and mentally active. 

Description of A technology that can be used as a Solution 

Technology and technological applications have been at the forefront of a revolution in healthcare as the treatment and management of various patient conditions these days are becoming more and more technology-based. One of the technologies that be used as a solution to the patient situation presented in the previous sections is alternating pressure mattresses. The alternating pressure mattresses have air-filled compartments capable of inflating and deflating in a synchronized way to vary pressure across a patient’s body parts continuously (Shi et al., 2021). Even though the studies regarding the use of alternative pressure surfaces are heterogeneous, specifically on the air cell cycling times and specifications, the use of this technology has been shown to be far more effective in comparison to the standard mattresses used in hospitals. 

The Use of Alternating Pressure Mattress 

Even though other technological solutions can be applied in the case study discussed in the previous section, alternating pressure mattresses can best fit the patient. The patient feels a lot of pain and also has physical complications and challenges. As such, strategies such as repositioning may be harmful to the patient. Therefore, alternating pressure mattresses will be helpful as the air-filled surfaces will help in relieving pressure on the area susceptible to the development of pressure ulcers as well as better management of the parts already impacted with the pressure ulcers (Shi et al., 2021). The use of this technology is key in relieving and redistributing pressure through a dynamic lying surface. While the inflated air cells offer pressure to support the patient, the deflated cells offer relief for the skin above. 

The Summary of the Case Integrating Proposed Solution 

Pressure ulcers are detrimental to the health of the patients hence a need to control, treat and manage them. As discussed in the literature review section, various strategies have been used in the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. Even though various interventions can be used, not all strategies can be effective for particular cases. For example, the patient explored in this case report experiences a lot of pain and has physical complications, thus making repositioning a non-suitable option. As such, the use of an alternating pressure mattress has been proposed for this patient (Shi et al., 2021). It is hoped that the alternating pressure mattress will help the patient to recover and prevent further development of pressure ulcers.  

Conclusion 

Technology and technological applications have been at the center of operations in healthcare and the improvement of healthcare services offered to patients experiencing various conditions. Therefore, this case report has explored the prevention and management of pressure ulcers using alternating pressure mattresses as a technology. In addition, a real-life situation of a patient experiencing pressure ulcers has been explored and discussed. 

References  

BoykoTatiana, V., LongakerMichael, T., & YangGeorge, P. (2018). Review of the current management of pressure ulcers. Advances in Wound Care. https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2016.0697 

Clay, P., Cruz, C., Ayotte, K., Jones, J., & Fowler, S. B. (2018). Device-related pressure ulcers pre and post identification and intervention. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 41, 77-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2018.01.018 

Gaspar, S., Peralta, M., Marques, A., Budri, A., & Gaspar de Matos, M. (2019). Effectiveness on hospital‐acquired pressure ulcer prevention: a systematic review. International Wound Journal, 16(5), 1087-1102. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13147. 

Mervis, J. S., & Phillips, T. J. (2019). Pressure ulcers: Prevention and management. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 81(4), 893-902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2018.12.068. 

Nair, A., & Dreyfus, D. (2018). Technology alignment in the presence of regulatory changes: The case of meaningful use of information technology in healthcare. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 110, 42-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.11.012 

Shi, C., Dumville, J. C., Cullum, N., Rhodes, S., Jammali-Blasi, A., & McInnes, E. (2021). Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (5). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013620.pub2 

DNP 805 Week 3 Using CPOE and CDSS Sample Answer

Using CPOE and CDSS 

Over the years, healthcare professionals have dealt with various conditions and illnesses that trouble individuals and populations. While some of these illnesses onset away from the hospital and thus require hospital admissions, some are developed while individuals have been admitted into the hospitals. One such condition is pressure ulcers. Even though various strategies have been applied to prevent and manage pressure ulcers, the condition is still prevalent and impacts patients negatively (BoykoTatiana et al., 2018). In particular, the pain resulting from the wounds usually causes patients suffering, calling for better prevention and management of the same. In attempts to find better remedies, various stakeholders have turned to technological solutions. For example, the use of Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) and the Computer Provider Order Entry (CPOE) have particularly been used in supporting the medication administration for better pharmacological outcomes (Shahmoradi et al., 2021). Therefore, the purpose of this assignment is to formulate a CDSS using a CPOE to be integrated into the Electronic Health Records to support the management of pain among patients experiencing pressure ulcer 

The CDSS Design and the Rationale Behind the Design 

The Computer Provider Order Entry entails using a computer for medication order entries as well as storage of the orders digitally. The CPOE also enables the entry of other data such as a patient’s imaging data, diagnostic test results, laboratory test results, and discussions held between the professionals. Traditionally, CDSS was majorly characterized by helping professionals make appropriate care and patient decisions. However, the current systems even allow for a display of an individual’s past status while supporting other evaluations and recommendations (Shahmoradi et al., 2021). As such, the advantages of using CDSS can be tapped and fine-tuned to ensure that patients with pressure ulcers get better pain management hence improved outcomes. 

The designed CDSS is to be composed of a computer algorithm created to gather the patient’s important information such as the existing medication, comorbidities, the patient’s skin condition, the degree of pain, age, and gender. As part of the system, the system will be key in offering the clinicians the necessary support when deciding on the best medication to be given to the patient depending on the collected data. The core design of the system will also have definitions, queries, and access tables which help in matching an individual’s current health condition with what is in the electronic health record. This system has been proposed to help eliminate possible medication errors and prevent possible adverse drug interactions when offering care to patients with pressure ulcers (Shahmoradi et al., 2021). The elimination of medication errors and avoidance of drug interactions is obtained by giving the information in a simple and easily understood form and format. The proposed system will also be formulated so that it can easily be integrated into the facility’s electronic health record system. 

The Implementation of the System and its Adoption by Fellow Clinicians. 

A good plan should be in place to enable a successful implementation of the designed system. As part of the plan, the staff will have to undergo a comprehensive education and training session. The content of the training will be tips on using the new system, the reasons why the facility needs the new system, the main features and the advantages of using it. As such, a total period of two weeks will be set aside for training and testing the new system. The staff workflows and responsibilities are to be modified to ensure that every staff engaged in the management and care of the patients with pressure ulcers can easily log in to the system and check the status of any patient of concern. Security is important when using such systems; therefore, anyone logging into the system will be required to undergo a one-step password authentication to only allow the right users.  

After logging in, the clinician then in feeds the current information, such as the pressure ulcer indicators, into the EHR, opens the CDSS, and reviews the treatment options available for the patient as information to the individual’s health information. The clinician then makes an assisted decision on the best medication that can be administered to the patient. Such a decision is then followed by the use of a CPOE to make medication order. The clinician then reviews the medication information that appears on the resolution table to ensure that everything is aligned. If there are any adjustments to be carried out, the professional states such a reason through a drop-down selection. 

Potential Challenges and Possible Solutions. 

The use of the created CPOE-assisted CDSS system in the facility implies that the organization’s operations will have to undergo some changes and adjustments. Evidence has it that introducing a change process in any organization can come with various challenges. One of the prime challenges is staff resistance to the change being introduced. Such resistance may stem from various reasons, including viewing the proposed change as bothersome, existing misconceptions regarding CPOE and CDSS, and possible fear of the unknown (Westerbeek et al., 2021). Solving such a resistance to the proposed change is key as resistance is known to negatively impact the implementation process, which can also extend to the use of the implemented system. 

Offering a comprehensive education and training on the new system to the staff is one key strategy that can be used in solving resistance. In such a training, the staff is given valid reasons why the facility needs the new CDSS system and what expected benefits would be experienced upon its implementation. The new system will be integrated into the electronic health system, which has been key in simplifying the work to help in enhancing patient care and outcomes too. The problem of medication errors is not a secret in any patient care setting, and therefore, such incidences can be used to ensure that the staff buys into the idea of using the CDSS system to lower the incidence of medication errors. When the new system is used, there are high chances that the medication error incidences will greatly be reduced (Westerbeek et al., 2021). The staff can also be trained on how to operate the new system to help do away with resistance caused by insufficient knowledge of how to operate the new system. Again, the staff also needs to be trained and informed on the integration of the new system into the already existing EHR system. 

The other barrier is the fear of potential loss of autonomy (Westerbeek et al., 2021). The staff may resist the use of the new system due to the fear that the new system would snatch away their autonomy as the system does the work more accurately and promptly. The implication is that with the new system in place, the best treatment regimen for the patients can be offered even without the clinician’s input. This barrier can be overcome by assuring the staff that the new CDSS system will only assist in reducing their workload. Hence they can put more energy into special areas of patient care to improve care outcomes. 

Conclusion 

The demand for better and more efficient patient care and services in the care setting has led to various inventions and innovations. CDSS and CPOE have been used for years to improve patient outcomes. However, a combination of these two technologies still presents genuine opportunities to exploit and ensure that patient outcome are better. Therefore, a  CPOE-assisted CDSS system has been proposed to improve the use of pain medications to enhance the management of pain among patients with pressure ulcers. This system can be embedded into the electronic health record system to improve care outcomes. 

References 

BoykoTatiana, V., LongakerMichael, T., & YangGeorge, P. (2018). Review of the current management of pressure ulcers. Advances in Wound Care. https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2016.0697 

Shahmoradi, L., Safdari, R., Ahmadi, H., & Zahmatkeshan, M. (2021). Clinical decision support systems-based interventions to improve medication outcomes: A systematic literature review on features and effects. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 35, 27. https://dx.doi.org/10.47176%2Fmjiri.35.27. 

Westerbeek, L., Ploegmakers, K. J., de Bruijn, G. J., Linn, A. J., van Weert, J. C., Daams, J. G., … & Medlock, S. (2021). Barriers and Facilitators Influencing Medication-Related CDSS Acceptance According to Clinicians: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 104506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104506