DNP 810 Choose a news story, published within last 2 years, about genetic or genomic technology

Grand Canyon University DNP 810 Choose a news story, published within last 2 years, about genetic or genomic technology-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University DNP 810 Choose a news story, published within last 2 years, about genetic or genomic technology assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for DNP 810 Choose a news story, published within last 2 years, about genetic or genomic technology                           

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University DNP 810 Choose a news story, published within last 2 years, about genetic or genomic technology depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for DNP 810 Choose a news story, published within last 2 years, about genetic or genomic technology                         

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University DNP 810 Choose a news story, published within last 2 years, about genetic or genomic technology is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for DNP 810 Choose a news story, published within last 2 years, about genetic or genomic technology                         

After the introduction, move into the main part of the DNP 810 Choose a news story, published within last 2 years, about genetic or genomic technology assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for DNP 810 Choose a news story, published within last 2 years, about genetic or genomic technology                         

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for DNP 810 Choose a news story, published within last 2 years, about genetic or genomic technology                           

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for DNP 810 Choose a news story, published within last 2 years, about genetic or genomic technology

Re: Topic 8 DQ 1

Knowledge is the basis of understanding and in nursing the foundation of practice. Genomics is defined as the study of all the genes in the human genome together, including their interactions with each other, the environment, and the influence of other psychosocial and cultural factors. Genetics and genomics includes understanding the implications of its significance in patient’s lives, thus the meaning of genomics in health is a critical aspect of nursing practice. Understanding the genetic component of diseases requires knowledge of fundamental genetic science. It is critical that nurses understand the ethical, legal and social implications that arise when genomics becomes part of health care practice. Nursing is a practice discipline and so it is by actions that nurses manifest their professionalism. It requires an awareness and appreciation for the complexities and uniqueness of genetic information. Nurses must act with the greatest sensitivity and discretion in managing genetic information and privacy and confidentiality are always important in health care it is difficult to overstate their importance relative to genetic information of a patient. Protecting the privacy and confidentiality of patient information is the role of the nurse in obtaining informed consent for any procedure that requires the collection and analyzing of an individual’s DNA.

Down Syndrome (DS) is caused by a complete or segmental triplication of human chromosome 21 (HSA21) and is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability. People with DS present with developmental abnormalities and has systemic alterations in the peripheral system, as well as neurological and cognitive deficits. In 2020, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced that they would update their DS research plan and requested input from the research and the non-profit/family advocacy communities. Inglis et al. have distributed a questionnaire to members of the Lower Mainland Down Syndrome Society in British Columbia, Canada. It was completed by 101 parents. 41% responded that they would biologically treat their child of DS if it were possible. 27% said they would not biologically treat their child, and 32% were unsure. The major motivation for a treatment was to increase the child’s autonomy. Society’s interaction with these persons could change and that might make a whole lot of difference.

Educate patients/ families about genetics, provide with credible accurate and appropriate genetic and genomic information resources to facilitate decision making. Advocate for clients access to desired genetic/genomic services and/or resources including support groups. Advocate for the rights of all clients for autonomous, informed genetic and genomic-related decision making and voluntary action. Recognize and acknowledge the role of genomics as an integral component in the promotion of the public’s health and wellbeing. Advocate and promote the right of the individual or family to voluntarily choose or to not choose to seek genomic healthcare services. Nurses have entered the post-genomic age as professionals expected to engage with the public and provide informed up-to-date genetic information and competencies.

References:

Inglis A, Lohn Z, Austin JC, et al. A “cure” for Down syndrome: what do parents want? Clin Genet. 2014;86:310–317.

Petersen M.E., O’Bryant S.E. Blood-based biomarkers for Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review. Dev. Neurobiol. 2020;79:699–710. doi: 10.1002/dneu.22714.

Riggan KA, Niquist C, Michie M, et al. Evaluating the risks and benefits of genetic and pharmacologic interventions for Down Syndrome: Views of parents. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil. 2020;125:1–13.

Yu P.K., Jayawardena A.D.L., Ba M.S., Pulsifer M.B., Grieco J.A., Abbeduto L., Dedhia R.C., Soose R.J., Tobey A., Raol N., et al. Redefining Success by Focusing on Failures After Pediatric Hypoglossal Stimulation in Down Syndrome. Laryngoscope. 2021;131:1663–1669. doi: 10.1002/lary.29290.

Sample Answer 2 for DNP 810 Choose a news story, published within last 2 years, about genetic or genomic technology

Genetic technology advances have a significant clinical impact and signify that genetic testing perceptions must change. Genomic testing brings a more significant diagnostic opportunity for diagnosis alongside providing substantial predictions regarding future diagnoses. However, should therein reside an increased chance of uncertain or unexpected findings, many of which may impact multiple members of a person’s family (Zhang et al., 2015). The availability of treatment options regarding genetic technology is shifting and evolving, implicative of previously untreated disorders. Furthermore, the point of access to testing is changing with increasing provision direct to the consumer outside the formal healthcare setting (Zhang et al., 2015).

The latest innovation in genetic engineering is the CRISPR-Cas9, the gene editing tool that allows researchers to cut DNA and paste in their chosen genetic material, creating genetically modified organisms. With other versions of CRISPR, scientists can manipulate genes in more precise ways, such as adding a new segment of DNA or editing single DNA letters (Moon et al., 2019). Scientists have also used CRISPR to detect specific targets, such as DNA from cancer-causing viruses and RNA from cancer cells. Scientists study CRISPR for many conditions, including high cholesterol, HIV, and Huntington’s disease. First and foremost, no federal legislation bans protocols or places restrictions on experiments that manipulate human DNA (Moon et al., 2019). Therefore, CRISPR is legal in the US. The FDA CRISPR regulating these trials significantly impacts diagnostics and therapeutics, allowing medicine to become more personalized (Memi et al., 2018). She said that treatments for cancer and blood disorders are furthest along because of how CRISPR is performed. “The most tested medical applications of CRISPR have been for cancer (Memi et al., 2018).

Some of the controversial potential dangers of CRISPR include a lab experiment to fix defective DNA in human embryos, which demonstrates potential errors with genealogical editing and why leading scientists say it is too unsafe to try (Moon et al., 2019). In more than half of the cases, the editing caused unintended changes, such as the loss of an entire chromosome or big chunks (Moon et al., 2019). His adverse effects may include the double-strand DNA breaks introduced during CRISPR editing, which could result in chromothripsis, a highly damaging form of genomic rearrangement resulting from the shattering of individual chromosomes, and the subsequent rejoining of the pieces in a random order (Moon et al., 2019). With the rapid application of CRISPR/Cas in clinical research, it is essential to consider the ethical implications of such advances (Memi et al., 2018). Pertinent issues include accessibility and cost, the need for controlled clinical trials with an excellent review, and policies for compassionate use. CRISPR is an ethical game-changer essentially because it changes the debate landscape. It reduces specific ethical concerns while significantly heightening others (Memi et al., 2018).

References

Memi, F., Ntokou, A., & Papangeli, I. (2018, December). CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing: Research technologies, clinical applications and ethical considerations. In Seminars in perinatology (Vol. 42, No. 8, pp. 487-500). WB Saunders.

Moon, S. B., Kim, D. Y., Ko, J. H., & Kim, Y. S. (2019). Recent advances in the CRISPR genome editing tool set. Experimental & molecular medicine, 51(11), 1-11.

Zhang, B., Sun, Q., & Li, H. (2015). Advances in genetic modification technologies. Sheng wu Gong Cheng xue bao= Chinese Journal of Biotechnology, 31(8), 1162-1174.

DNP-810 Topic 8 DQ 2 Sample Answer

Genetic research studies consider two general categories of ethical and social issues: genetic privacy and discrimination. Genetic privacy concerns also reside within criminal contexts because federal involvement can override the genealogical privacy of criminal suspects and the acquirement of genetic samples (Evans & Jarvik, 2015). The shared genetic information between family members also raises privacy concerns for relatives. The compromise of genetic privacy can ensue should testing companies be allowed the accessibility of your genetic information or if your data is stolen (Evans & Jarvik, 2015). Genetic testing results may impact your ability to obtain life, disability, or long-term care insurance (Tenenbaum & Goodman, 2017). Furthermore, genetic discrimination can follow through under the circumstances surrounding the differing treatment of either insurance company or employer due to a genealogical mutation responsible for inducing or heightening risks concerning an inherited disorder. Fear of discrimination is a common concern among people considering genetic testing (Tenenbaum & Goodman, 2017).  

GINA, otherwise recognized as “The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act,” is an anti-discrimination law that exempts privacy-related involvement (Tenenbaum & Goodman, 2017). Moreover, this specific act is a preventative measure for both Medicare supplemental plans and group health. However, this act excludes life, disability, or long-term care plans—from using genetic information to discriminate against you regarding insurance (Tenenbaum & Goodman, 2017). In addition, title II of GINA prohibits using genetic information to discriminate in employment decisions, such as hiring, firing, and promoting (Tenenbaum & Goodman, 2017). An Executive Order accompanying GINA acts as a prohibitive measure concerning federal government agencies, which obstructs their ability to obtain gene-related information on either job applicants or employees and utilize similar information for hiring and promotion decisions (Tenenbaum & Goodman, 2017). 

In 2013, HIPAA regulations were amended through the HIPAA Omnibus Rule, enabling the inclusion of genetic information in the definition of Protected Health Information (PHI) (Evans & Jarvik, 2015). Moreover, this specified rule serves as a preventive measure for employing that data for other variants regarding the plan of medical care but not for a long or otherwise lifetime duration (Evans & Jarvik, 2015). 

As an advocate, it is essential to increase awareness of genetic testing, awareness of genetic nondiscrimination laws, concern about genetic discrimination in determining life insurance eligibility and cost, and the perceived importance of genetic nondiscrimination laws that address life insurance (Parkman et al., 2015). Continued dialogue regarding how GINA protects the privacy of and guards against the misuse of genetic information obtained through research (Parkman et al., 2015). The law reassures research participants that they can volunteer for studies without it harming their job or health insurance. The growing concern about employers needing to obtain or disclose genetic information about employees or potential employees under most circumstances. Genetic testing and employers’ use of genetic information should be permitted in the following situations to ensure workplace safety and health and preserve research opportunities (Parkman et al., 2015). California Governor Gavin Newsom signed the Genetic Information Privacy Act (GIPA) into law recently, which went to effect in January. The law requires genetic testing companies to be transparent about data collection practices regarding genetic data and obtain written consent from individuals to use the data (Parkman et al., 2015). 

References 

Evans, B. J., & Jarvik, G. P. (2018). Impact of HIPAA’s minimum necessary standard on genomic data sharing. Genetics in Medicine, 20(5), 531-535. 

Parkman, A. A., Foland, J., Anderson, B., Duquette, D., Sobotka, H., Lynn, M., … & Cox, S. L. (2015). Public awareness of genetic nondiscrimination laws in four states and the perceived importance of life insurance protections. Journal of genetic counseling, 24(3), 512-521. 

Tenenbaum, J. D., & Goodman, K. W. (2017). Beyond the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act: ethical and economic implications of excluding disability, long-term care and life insurance. Personalized medicine, 14(2), 153-157.