NRS 434 Choose two at-risk health issues that regular physical exercise and activity can help prevent and manage

Grand Canyon University NRS 434 Choose two at-risk health issues that regular physical exercise and activity can help prevent and manage-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NRS 434 Choose two at-risk health issues that regular physical exercise and activity can help prevent and manage assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NRS 434 Choose two at-risk health issues that regular physical exercise and activity can help prevent and manage                            

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NRS 434 Choose two at-risk health issues that regular physical exercise and activity can help prevent and manage  depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NRS 434 Choose two at-risk health issues that regular physical exercise and activity can help prevent and manage                          

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NRS 434 Choose two at-risk health issues that regular physical exercise and activity can help prevent and manage  is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NRS 434 Choose two at-risk health issues that regular physical exercise and activity can help prevent and manage                          

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NRS 434 Choose two at-risk health issues that regular physical exercise and activity can help prevent and manage  assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NRS 434 Choose two at-risk health issues that regular physical exercise and activity can help prevent and manage                          

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NRS 434 Choose two at-risk health issues that regular physical exercise and activity can help prevent and manage                            

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NRS 434 Choose two at-risk health issues that regular physical exercise and activity can help prevent and manage

Re: Topic 4 DQ 2

People who exercise regularly could reduce their risk of developing hypertension and diabetes and slow down how quickly their body deteriorates as they age. Hypertension is characterized by persistently high blood pressure in the systemic arteries (Oparil et al., 2018). Blood pressure is expressed in two categories. Systolic blood pressure is the pressure that the blood exerts on the arterial wall when the heart contracts and the diastolic blood pressure when the heart relaxes. A person is considered hypertensive when the systolic blood pressure is greater than or equal to 140 and diastolic blood pressure is greater than or equal to 90 (Oparil et al., 2018).

According to Klarroubi&Darwish (2015), diabetes mellitus is defined as “a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.” There are different classes of diabetes mellitus. Type I diabetes also called juvenile diabetes; it is autoimmune due to destruction of the b cells of the pancreas, characterized by the absence of insulin secretion and is more dominant in children and adolescents (Klarroubi&Darwish, 2015). Type II diabetes commonly seen in adults, gestational diabetes in pregnant women, and other types. Fasting plasma glucose of greater than or equal to 126mg/dL. (7.0 mmol/L, plasma glucose after 2-h OGTT greater than or equal to 200mg/dL (11.1mmol/L), HgbA1C greater than or equal to 6.5%, or a random plasma glucose greater than or equal to 200 along with symptoms of hyperglycemia is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus (Klarroubi&Darwish, 2015).

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. According to Ostchega et al., 2020, the risk for hypertension increases with age: 22.4% (aged 18-39), 54.5% (40-59) and 74.5% (60 and over). Hypertension prevalence was higher among non-Hispanic black 57.1% than non-Hispanic white 43.6%, and Hispanic 43.7%. The prevalence of age adjusted hypertension was 45.4% among adults and was higher among men (51.0) than women (39.7%) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). Diabetes represents a burden to modern societies. According to the National Diabetes Statistics Report 2020, 34.2 million people of all ages which represent 10.5% of the US population had diabetes; 34.1 million adults aged 18 or older (13.0%) of all US adults had diabetes; 7.3 million adults aged 18 or older met laboratory criteria but did not aware they had diabetes. Among adults aged 65 and older the percentage increased to 26.8%.

Health promotion and education is critical for patients diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes. Regular physical activity is proven to help prevent and manage hypertension and diabetes. As a nurse, I will educate my patient on the importance of being active to prevent adverse consequences from hypertension and diabetes such as stroke with paralysis or other coronary artery diseases which can cause morbidity or even death. Therefore, I will educate my patient of the benefits of walking, swimming, hiking, and dancing etc. According to World Health Organization (2020), adults aged 18-64 years old should do at least 150-300 minutes of moderate- intensity of aerobic physical activity; or at least 75-150 minutes of vigorous – intensity aerobic physical activity. Physical exercise is the most effective methods to help prevent and manage hypertension and diabetes (Patel et al., 2017).

 References:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). National diabetes statistics report, 2020. www.cdc.gov/diabetes/library/features/diabetes-stat-report.html

Klarroubi, A.T., &Darwish, H.M. (2015). Diabetes mellitus: The epidemic of the century. World Journal of Diabetes, 6(6): 850-867. doi: 10.4239/wjd. v6.i6.850

Ostchega, Y., Fryar, C.D., Nwankwo, T., & Nguyen, D.T. (2020). Hypertension prevalence among adults aged 18 and over: United States, 2017-2018. National Center for Health Statistics. www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db364.html

Patel, H., Alkhawam, H., Madanieh, R., Shah, N., Kosmas, C.E., & Vittorio, T.J. (2017). Aerobic vs anaerobic exercise training effects on the cardiovascular system. World Journal of Cardiology, 9(2): 134-138. doi:10.4330/wjc. v9.i2.134

World Health Organization (2020). Physical activity. www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity

Sample Answer 2 for NRS 434 Choose two at-risk health issues that regular physical exercise and activity can help prevent and manage

Regular physical exercise can help to prevent and manage the risk of strokes (cerebrovascular accident) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in middle aged adults. CHD includes heart attacks (myocardial infarction) and angina pectoris (chest pain). Stroke is ranked as the second leading cause of death globally with an overall prevalence of 3.1% (Donkor, 2018). According to the American Heart Association (AHA), approximately 83 million people in the United States currently have CHD, which makes it a leading cause of death for both men and women with a prevalence for men at 8.3% and for women 6.1% (Sanchis-Gomar et al., 2016). Nurses can help patients to incorporate routine exercises and increased physical activity as a strategy for disease prevention and health promotion through numerous ways.

Educating patients about the benefits of exercise in illness prevention and health promotion is an effective nursing intervention for preventing strokes and CHD (Nystoriak et al., 2018). According to Nystoriak et al. (2018), evidence shows that exercise is beneficial to the brain and heart by specifically lowering the blood pressure, increasing insulin sensitivity, and producing a favorable plasma lipoprotein (cholesterol) and triglyceride profile. Educating patients about these benefits and how to safely meet exercise obligations for health can help to reduce the diseases and promote health.

Nurses can also refer patients to community resources that are available for regular exercise including cardiovascular exercise programs for patients on cardiac rehabilitation. The AHA recommends for adults aged 18 to 64, to engage in at least 150 minutes/week of ‘moderate-intensity’ aerobic activity, or 75 minutes/week of ‘intense’ aerobic activity, or a mix of both in addition to ‘moderate-to-high-intensity’ muscle-strengthening activity like lifting weights on at least 2 days per week (Nystoriak et al., 2018). The increased physical activity would eliminate a sedentary lifestyle which increases the risks for CHD and strokes.

References

Donkor E. S. (2018). Stroke in the 21st Century: A Snapshot of the Burden, Epidemiology, and Quality of Life. Stroke research and treatment, 2018, 3238165. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3238165

Nystoriak, M. A., &Bhatnagar, A. (2018). Cardiovascular Effects and Benefits of Exercise. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 5, 135. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2018.00135

Sanchis-Gomar, F., Perez-Quilis, C., Leischik, R., & Lucia, A. (2016). Epidemiology of coronary heart disease and acute coronary syndrome. Annals of translational medicine, 4(13), 256. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2016.06.33

Topic 5 DQ 1 NRS 434

Aging is characterized by dynamic changes in physiological, biological, psychological, environmental, behavioral, and social processes. Some changes are benign while others cause a decline in function of senses and activities of daily living and increased susceptibility to frailty, diseases, or disability (Flint & Tadi, 2020). Changes in the neurological system include cerebral atrophy and a reduced brain’s capacity to convey signals, which causes a decline in memory, cognition, intelligence, and learning (Amarya, Singh & Sabharwal, 2018).  Changes in the GI include changes in taste and smell, impaired gut motility, and intestinal microbiota abnormalities, which cause age-related anorexia. The smooth muscles in the intestinal tract also weaken, causing the development of diverticular (Flint & Tadi, 2020). Metabolic changes include a decreased metabolic activity, primarily in the liver, which results in alterations in drug metabolism.  

Age-related changes in the cardiovascular system are due to a loss of cardioprotective and compensatory mechanisms that help prevent the development of adverse cardiac diseases. The changes include vascular stiffening, myocardial fibrosis, increased left ventricular wall thickness, and calcification of valves and their related structures (Flint & Tadi, 2020). Changes in the respiratory system are related to a loss of elasticity and decreased chest wall compliance. This results in increased work of breathing and an increased residual volume and functional residual capacity. Besides, aging is associated with reduced strength and function of respiratory muscles (Flint & Tadi, 2020). Musculoskeletal changes include a reduced muscle mass and changes in muscles, bones, and joints, resulting in height loss and reduced muscle strength.  

Neurological changes predispose the elderly to neurodegenerative diseases, dementia, and Parkinson’s disease. The reduced cognitive function and memory changes increase the risk of forgery, theft, and deception. People usually close to the older adult take advantage of their cognitive decline to sell their properties and trick them into signing documents or forging their consents.  Musculoskeletal and neurocognitive changes limit the elderly persons’ capacity to carry out ADLs and often need help with these activities (Amarya et al., 2018). This puts them at risk of physical and sexual abuse and neglect by people supposed to care for them.  

A health assessment of a geriatric patient should include a detailed history taking of the patient’s medical, surgical, and psychiatric history and therapies previously used. The nurse should inquire on the year of diagnosis of every chronic disease and note whether it has been controlled or uncontrolled over the years (Ward & Reuben, 2016). The nurse should also obtain a detailed social history that includes the patient’s living status, marriage status, caregiver, relationship with the caregiver, housing condition, support system, and community support resources available for the patient (Ward & Reuben, 2016). Furthermore, the nurse should evaluate the patient’s ability to carry out ADLs and the level of assistance required to perform each.  The nurse should assess the geriatric patient for sins of abuse and neglect (Ward & Reuben, 2016). A fall risk assessment should also be performed, guided by a bone mass density test. Geriatric patients are at risk of nutritional deficiency disorders and malnutrition, making it essential for the nurse to conduct a comprehensive nutrition assessment.  

References 

Amarya, S., Singh, K., & Sabharwal, M. (2018). Ageing Process and Physiological Changes. In Gerontology. IntechOpenhttps://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76249 

Flint, B., & Tadi, P. (2020). Physiology, Aging. StatPearls [Internet]. 

Ward, K. T., & Reuben, D. B. (2016). Comprehensive geriatric assessment. UpToDate, Waltham, MA. Accessed, 3(24), 20.