NURS 8114 Module 1-2: WRITTEN PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING PRACTICE

Walden University NURS 8114 Module 1-2: WRITTEN PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING PRACTICE– Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 8114 Module 1-2: WRITTEN PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING PRACTICE assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NURS 8114 Module 1-2: WRITTEN PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING PRACTICE

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 8114 Module 1-2: WRITTEN PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING PRACTICE depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NURS 8114 Module 1-2: WRITTEN PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING PRACTICE

The introduction for the Walden University NURS 8114 Module 1-2: WRITTEN PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING PRACTICE is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NURS 8114 Module 1-2: WRITTEN PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING PRACTICE

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 8114 Module 1-2: WRITTEN PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING PRACTICE assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 8114 Module 1-2: WRITTEN PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING PRACTICE

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NURS 8114 Module 1-2: WRITTEN PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING PRACTICE

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Response for NURS 8114 Module 1-2: WRITTEN PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING PRACTICE

Middle Range Theories

Middle-range theories play a major role in social sciences. Unlike “grand theories”, which adopt a deductive research approach in an attempt to advance some general idea, these frameworks start with an empirical phenomenon and address it in a systematic manner. According to Mcewen and Wills (2019), middle-range theories are characterized by a specific focus, operate with a relatively low number of parameters, and address a small number of phenomena. The focus on specific propositions and concepts that can be defined and measured predetermines the growing popularity of middle-range theories in nursing research (Mcewen & Wills, 2019). Because of this reason, it seems justified to refer to such theories in the current discussion paper to illustrate the significance of my nursing philosophy.

Reflection on My Nursing Philosophy

My philosophy of nursing practice is based on the assumption that a patient-centered care approach is capable of providing mutual benefits to nurses and patients. In my experience, unnecessary emergency department (ED) visits and the lack of knowledge of patients’ mental health conditions are critical challenges faced by emergency departments. Hospital staff often does not have the time to properly educate each patient on all the nuances of their diagnosis, home discharge instructions, and continuation of care in the hospital. For example, nurses might not be able to explain in detail all the instructions regarding the administration of meds or the way to change a colostomy bag. Poor communication between healthcare team members regarding such issues undermines the quality of care and results in undesirable outcomes, such as unnecessary ED visits, low patient satisfaction rates, and nurse burnout. I believe that these risks can be mitigated by applying evidence-based practices to improve communication among the healthcare team to better educate patients and improve their safety. The Social Cognitive Theory and Self-Care Deficit Theory offer valuable frameworks for launching and supporting such initiatives.

The Social Cognitive Theory

The social cognitive theory (SCT) is a highly popular theory in social sciences. In the most general view, it could be defined as a framework explaining the effect of individual experiences and various external factors on individual behavior (Strudwick et al., 2016). According to this theory, people usually learn by witnessing the behavior of others in a particular environment or observing changes in their surroundings (Bandura, 2023). It also depicts people as active agents of learning since they not only consume information but also process it in light of their personal attitudes and individual experiences. SCT is of paramount importance for my nursing philosophy because it implies that nurses are in a position to educate patients on relevant aspects of their mental conditions.

 One of the key constructs embedded in SCT is the phenomenon of self-efficacy. According to Bandura (2023), self-efficacy refers to the belief that people have full control over their behavior. Addressing self-efficacy is a crucial part of the learning process since it is responsible for the application of new knowledge in practice. The notion of reinforcements, which is another important element of the SCT, also is relevant from this perspective since a combination of positive reinforcements can strengthen an individual’s desire to change their behavior (Aliakbari et al., 2020). SCT offers a convenient and practical framework for maximizing the value of learning by addressing learners’ self-efficacy and applying reinforcements. Both these issues are vital components of my nursing philosophy.

SCT is relevant for understanding the relationships between nurses, physicians, and patients. I believe that healthcare professionals can use SCT to improve patient safety and exchange the best experiences in improving patient education. Pinpointing specific faults committed by members of a unit and demonstrating the appropriate conduct for healthcare team members to watch, learn from, and emulate is an example of how SCT can be utilized to improve patient safety. In addition, individual members of the team can provide direct instruction and feedback to guarantee that the appropriate procedures and education are being followed.

The Self-Care Deficit Theory

The Self-Care Deficit Theory (SCDT) is another construct that is pertinent to my nursing philosophy. This framework emphasizes individual’s capacity to care for themselves (Gligor & Domnariu, 2020). It could be inferred from this theory that healthcare professionals have a responsibility to help patients care for themselves by providing them with the tools and knowledge that are necessary for improving their health and overall wellbeing (Yip, 2021. SCDT might be instrumental in helping patients in emergency rooms and their family members learn how to provide self-care. Such a goal can be accomplished by providing access to resources assisting with self-care, educating patients and family members on the significance of self-care, and creating an environment that supports self-care. These initiatives can improve patients’ health and wellbeing, while also reducing the likelihood of unnecessary emergency department visits in the future. 

Summary

This discussion paper provided a brief introduction to my nursing philosophy, which is grounded in a commitment to improving the quality of care for patients. I believe that enhanced communication between nurses and patients as well as among healthcare professionals, which can be achieved with the help of the Social Cognitive Theory, can lead to improved patient safety. The theory also might facilitate the exchange of best practices among nurses in regard to patient education. SCT is a highly effective framework that can provide nurses with an opportunity to educate patients on their diagnosis, meds administration instructions, and home discharge by applying reinforcements and appealing to their self-efficacy. A responsibility to help patients care for themselves derives from the Self-Care Deficit Theory. My nursing philosophy suggests that these two theories should be applied together to help nurses communicate with patients, prioritize their self-care needs, and help patients overcome various challenges related to their conditions. In my opinion, these two theories can support the implementation of evidence-based practices to improve patient care.

References

Aliakbari, F., Alipour, F.M., Tavassoli, E., & Sedehi, M. (2020). The effect of empowerment program based on the social cognitive theory on the activity of daily living in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 9, 146. https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fjehp.jehp_752_19

Bandura, A. (2023). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective on human nature. Wiley.

Black, B. (2022). Professional nursing: Concepts & challenges. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Gligor, L., & Domnariu, C.D. (2020). Patient care approach using nursing theories – Comparative analysis of Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Henderson’s model. Sciendo, 25(2), 11-14. https://doi.org/10.2478/amtsb-2020-0019

McEwen, M., & Wills, E. M. (2019). Theoretical basis for nursing. Wolters Kluwer.

Strudwick, G., Booth, R., & Mistry, K. (2016). Can Social Cognitive Theories help us understand nurses’ use of electronic health records? Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 34(4), 169-174. https://doi.org/10.1097/CIN.0000000000000226

Yip, J.Y.C. (2021). Theory-based advanced nursing practice: A practice update on the application of Orem’s self-care Deficit Nursing Theory. Sage Open Nursing, 7, 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23779608211011993

Sample Response 2 for NURS 8114 Module 1-2: WRITTEN PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING PRACTICE

In everyday practice, nurses come across different patients with different health problems requiring relevant and up-to-date interventions. As the professional nurse’s role dictates, a nurse should examine the patient holistically to provide medical assistance that matches specific patient needs. Nurses should also develop creative ways of reducing illnesses and related burdens in healthcare organizations, families, and communities. Regardless of their specialties, nurses should be guided in everyday practice by nursing philosophies. They should know what quality health entails, understand patient needs and how patients should be handled. This paper describes my philosophy of nursing practice. Focus areas include how the philosophy accommodates my expanded awareness of practice issues as a DNP, supporting advocacy of social change, and relevant theories supporting and informing my philosophy.

Philosophy of Nursing Practice

Nurses serve in different fields whose care models differ according to experiences, patient needs, and resources, among other factors. Despite situational differences, nurses have goals and envision delivering care in specific ways guided by their philosophies. Cheraghi et al. (2019) described a nursing philosophy as the values, ethics, beliefs, and motivations that inspire nurses to be health care professionals. Personal beliefs represent what motivates nurses to do what they do. I believe that I am the bridge between illness and healing. To achieve the goals that guide my everyday practice, I must serve patients compassionately, empathetically, and in the most patient-centered way possible. My professional and moral role is to promote healing through my skills while advocating for patient needs as situations necessitate.

While growing up, socializing, and in routine practice, nurses come across situations that require their input to change them positively. Mental health disorders have plagued families and societies for a long time, and the impact of mental illness is profound. At a personal level, physical and emotional health aspects are adversely affected besides mental instability (Morrison-Valfre, 2020). Due to the far-reaching impacts of such illnesses, nurses have a pivotal role in reducing disease burden and promoting healthy living. Their everyday role should be assessing patients holistically and address them wholly to enhance recovery and begin the patient’s journey towards healing and wellness.

Philosophy Accommodating Expanded Awareness of Practice Issues

Philosophies are guiding principles and dictate how nurses approach care and implement their professional roles. Since I believe in holistic care, my philosophy can accommodate my expanded awareness since it allows me to embrace change and integrate new concepts as I continue learning and become more experienced. In today’s health practice, the issue of diversity has dominated care and affects health outcomes depending on how nurses handle it. Patients are diverse in many ways, including culturally, ethnically, and religiously (Harrison et al., 2019). They also come from various regions, and such differences affect how they understand the care process and patient-provider relationship. Promoting holism as a nurse recognizes the need for a detailed analysis of patient needs and factors influencing the development of an illness (Rajabpour & Rayyani, 2019). Such an approach respects diversity, implying that the diverse nature of the patient is respected and integrated into the overall health plan.

The other critical practice issues that I have become more aware of as a DNP include ethics and patient-centeredness. Over time, ethics in care has become more critical as nurses continue handling complex patient matters. For instance, the chances of harming a mentally ill patient are higher than a typical patient due to self-expression challenges. Ethical guidelines provide a framework of nurses’ conduct through challenging situations and ensure that nurses have a moral compass to perform their roles reasonably. Holistic care, the motivation to promote wellness, and treating patients in the most patient-centered way possible are founded on ethics. As a result, my philosophy can accommodate my expanded awareness of practice since it incorporates efforts that promote high levels of care, attention to patients, and avoiding risks.

Supporting Advocacy of Social Change as a DNP

Besides the basic assessment of patients and recommending appropriate treatments, nurses have a critical role as advocates of social change. My philosophy of promoting healing and wellness is rooted in compassion, empathy, and patient-centeredness. To achieve this goal in everyday practice, it is important to be aware of patient needs and be determined to ensure that all needs are addressed appropriately. Generally, social change involves applying appropriate strategies and ideas to develop individuals, communities, and societies (Walden University, 2021). In this case, nurses should be committed to social transformation by using their skills and influence to reduce the illness burden. My commitment as a DNP to promote healthy living through psychiatric care aligns with the basic definition of social change.

As a Walden DNP, I look forward to promoting healing and fighting for patient needs as situations compel. In this case, I will engage in continuous learning and collaborating with appropriate groups to ensure that mental health issues are addressed appropriately in healthcare organizations and communities. The primary focus is issues such as stigmatization, discrimination, and inequality that patients with mental health disorders experience. Such effort coincides with what advocacy for social change represents as the continuous effort to transform societies and communities and ensuring that people live better lives.

Middle-Range Nursing Theories

Theories contain concepts and propositions explaining a phenomenon. Middle-range nursing theories are less abstract and more limited in scope as they address a specific phenomenon. A relevant theory supporting my philosophy of practice is Katharine Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort, advocating for placing comfort at the forefront of healthcare. Kolcaba described comfort as relief, ease, and transcendence (Gaibor et al., 2021). A patient receiving psychotherapy to overcome depression is receiving relief comfort. Calming the patient through compassionate care leaves them in a state of contentment (ease). Transcendence is enabling the patient to rise above the challenges they are facing. All these elements characterizing the Theory of Comfort are guiding principles of my philosophy of care since patient-centeredness is centered on promoting healing in the most comfortable and patient-friendly way possible. The patients’ needs guide the care process as the nurse develops appropriate interventions to holistically respond to all patient needs.

The other appropriate theory is Jean Orlando’s Deliberative Nursing Process Theory. In routine care, nurses converse with patients to ensure that the care plan is understood. However, some issues may emerge during the process and affect outcomes adversely. According to Orlando, patient participation is critical in the nursing process. The nurse’s role is to assess and meet the patient’s immediate needs for help (Zerwekh & Garneau, 2020). The in-depth assessment is founded on the tenet that all patient behavior can be reflecting the need for help. Due to the helpless nature of the patient, the primary mandate of a nurse is to determine the patient’s distress and act accordingly (Smith & Gullett, 2020). Orlando’s goal of care coincides with my nursing philosophy since the focus is on the patient. In mental health care and other practice areas, healthcare providers can only determine immediate patient’s needs and respond to them if they are compassionate and empathetic, as my philosophy suggests.

Interdisciplinary Theory

Interdisciplinary theories apply to nursing and other areas such as sociology, education, and psychology. A suitable theory under this segment is the social learning theory of Albert Bandura. The primary tenet of social learning theory is that people learn behaviors by observing and imitating (Deming & Johnson, 2019). Desired and undesired traits can be learned socially. In mental health and other areas, patients learn a lot by examining healthcare providers’ behavior. They also learn and copy what they see in mental health support groups and their immediate environments. Due to the profound impacts of socially learned behavior, nurses should structure the nursing process in a way that gives the patient confidence and hope in healing. Nurses should also link patients with appropriate support groups and other resources where they can learn safe and appropriate behaviors that enhance recovery and promote healthy living.

In conclusion, nurses provide care guided by skills, experience, philosophies, and theories. As discussed in this paper, my philosophy is using the necessary skills and experience to address patient needs compassionately, empathetically, and in the most patient-centered way possible. My role also encompasses promoting healing and using my skills and influence to advocate for patient needs. My philosophy supports advocacy of social change as a DNP since it is rooted in reducing the illness burden to transform individuals, communities, and societies. Theories supporting and informing my philosophy include Katharine Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort, Jean Orlando’s Deliberative Nursing Process Theory, and Albert Bandura’s social learning theory.

References

Cheraghi, F., Yousefzadeh, M. R., & Goodarzi, A. (2019). The role and status of philosophy in nursing knowledge, insight and competence. Journal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences, 8(2). doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.5812/jcrps.90762

Deming, P., & Johnson, L. L. (2019). An application of Bandura’s social learning theory: A new approach to deafblind support groups. JADARA, 42(4), 5. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2537&context=jadara/

Gaibor, D. M., Auquilla, J. Y., Sinche, N. P., & Paredes, N. V. (2021). Stories of the elderly in relation to Katharine Kolcaba’s Theory (Chillanes-Ecuador). Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education & Research| Jan-Mar, 11(1), 49. https://japer.in/storage/models/article/JFVPzYs0La6sVQLS38exY5cCA4siLPl7EbP8tlsBD2Shy0UbRYcuCw2mhlMV/stories-of-the-elderly-in-relation-to-katharine-kolcabas-theory.pdf

Harrison, R., Walton, M., Chauhan, A., Manias, E., Chitkara, U., Latanik, M., & Leone, D. (2019). What is the role of cultural competence in ethnic minority consumer engagement? An analysis in community healthcare. International Journal for Equity in Health, 18(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-019-1104-1

Morrison-Valfre, M. (2020). Foundations of mental health care. Mosby.

Rajabpour, S., & Rayyani, M. (2019). The relationship between Iranian patients’ perception of holistic care and satisfaction with nursing care. BMC Nursing, 18(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-019-0374-7

Smith, M. C., & Gullett, D. L. (2020). Nursing theories and nursing practice. F.A. Davis Company.

Walden University. (2021). Vision, mission, and goals. https://catalog.waldenu.edu/content.php?catoid=179&navoid=65155

Zerwekh, J. A., & Garneau, A. Z. (2020). Nursing today: transition and trends. Mosby.

Sample Response 3 for NURS 8114 Module 1-2: WRITTEN PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING PRACTICE

The development of an effective nursing philosophy is one of the most important drivers of the high quality of healthcare services. The rapid expansion of globalization processes, frequent changes in the external environment, political tensions, scientific and technological progress, and other phenomena contribute to a high level of uncertainty surrounding the nursing practice (Black, 2022). The abundance of narratives with conflicting implications makes nursing a challenging profession, especially considering the number of obstacles faced by nurses on a regular basis. In this paper, I would like to discuss my nursing philosophy of patient-centered care in an attempt to show that paying attention to patients, ensuring their safety, and educating them on relevant issues related to their diagnosis, treatment options, and lifestyle adjustments could make a significant contribution to patient satisfaction, wellbeing, and quality of life. The discussion paper relies on the social cognitive and self-care deficit theories to illustrate the significance of my nursing philosophy and illustrate how it could be utilized to provide high-quality care to patients.

Middle Range Theories

Middle-range theories play a major role in social sciences. Unlike “grand theories”, which adopt a deductive research approach in an attempt to advance some general idea, these frameworks start with an empirical phenomenon and address it in a systematic manner. According to Mcewen and Wills (2019), middle-range theories are characterized by a specific focus, operate with a relatively low number of parameters, and address a small number of phenomena. The focus on specific propositions and concepts that can be defined and measured predetermines the growing popularity of middle-range theories in nursing research (Mcewen & Wills, 2019). Because of this reason, it seems justified to refer to such theories in the current discussion paper to illustrate the significance of my nursing philosophy.

Reflection on My Nursing Philosophy

My philosophy of nursing practice is based on the assumption that a patient-centered care approach is capable of providing mutual benefits to nurses and patients. In my experience, unnecessary emergency department (ED) visits and the lack of knowledge of patients’ mental health conditions are critical challenges faced by emergency departments. Hospital staff often does not have the time to properly educate each patient on all the nuances of their diagnosis, home discharge instructions, and continuation of care in the hospital. For example, nurses might not be able to explain in detail all the instructions regarding the administration of meds or the way to change a colostomy bag. Poor communication between healthcare team members regarding such issues undermines the quality of care and results in undesirable outcomes, such as unnecessary ED visits, low patient satisfaction rates, and nurse burnout. I believe that these risks can be mitigated by applying evidence-based practices to improve communication among the healthcare team to better educate patients and improve their safety. The Social Cognitive Theory and Self-Care Deficit Theory offer valuable frameworks for launching and supporting such initiatives.

The Social Cognitive Theory

The social cognitive theory (SCT) is a highly popular theory in social sciences. In the most general view, it could be defined as a framework explaining the effect of individual experiences and various external factors on individual behavior (Strudwick et al., 2016). According to this theory, people usually learn by witnessing the behavior of others in a particular environment or observing changes in their surroundings (Bandura, 2023). It also depicts people as active agents of learning since they not only consume information but also process it in light of their personal attitudes and individual experiences. SCT is of paramount importance for my nursing philosophy because it implies that nurses are in a position to educate patients on relevant aspects of their mental conditions.

 One of the key constructs embedded in SCT is the phenomenon of self-efficacy. According to Bandura (2023), self-efficacy refers to the belief that people have full control over their behavior. Addressing self-efficacy is a crucial part of the learning process since it is responsible for the application of new knowledge in practice. The notion of reinforcements, which is another important element of the SCT, also is relevant from this perspective since a combination of positive reinforcements can strengthen an individual’s desire to change their behavior (Aliakbari et al., 2020). SCT offers a convenient and practical framework for maximizing the value of learning by addressing learners’ self-efficacy and applying reinforcements. Both these issues are vital components of my nursing philosophy.

SCT is relevant for understanding the relationships between nurses, physicians, and patients. I believe that healthcare professionals can use SCT to improve patient safety and exchange the best experiences in improving patient education. Pinpointing specific faults committed by members of a unit and demonstrating the appropriate conduct for healthcare team members to watch, learn from, and emulate is an example of how SCT can be utilized to improve patient safety. In addition, individual members of the team can provide direct instruction and feedback to guarantee that the appropriate procedures and education are being followed.

The Self-Care Deficit Theory

The Self-Care Deficit Theory (SCDT) is another construct that is pertinent to my nursing philosophy. This framework emphasizes individual’s capacity to care for themselves (Gligor & Domnariu, 2020). It could be inferred from this theory that healthcare professionals have a responsibility to help patients care for themselves by providing them with the tools and knowledge that are necessary for improving their health and overall wellbeing (Yip, 2021. SCDT might be instrumental in helping patients in emergency rooms and their family members learn how to provide self-care. Such a goal can be accomplished by providing access to resources assisting with self-care, educating patients and family members on the significance of self-care, and creating an environment that supports self-care. These initiatives can improve patients’ health and wellbeing, while also reducing the likelihood of unnecessary emergency department visits in the future. 

Summary

This discussion paper provided a brief introduction to my nursing philosophy, which is grounded in a commitment to improving the quality of care for patients. I believe that enhanced communication between nurses and patients as well as among healthcare professionals, which can be achieved with the help of the Social Cognitive Theory, can lead to improved patient safety. The theory also might facilitate the exchange of best practices among nurses in regard to patient education. SCT is a highly effective framework that can provide nurses with an opportunity to educate patients on their diagnosis, meds administration instructions, and home discharge by applying reinforcements and appealing to their self-efficacy. A responsibility to help patients care for themselves derives from the Self-Care Deficit Theory. My nursing philosophy suggests that these two theories should be applied together to help nurses communicate with patients, prioritize their self-care needs, and help patients overcome various challenges related to their conditions. In my opinion, these two theories can support the implementation of evidence-based practices to improve patient care.

References

Aliakbari, F., Alipour, F.M., Tavassoli, E., & Sedehi, M. (2020). The effect of empowerment program based on the social cognitive theory on the activity of daily living in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 9, 146. https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fjehp.jehp_752_19

Bandura, A. (2023). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective on human nature. Wiley.

Black, B. (2022). Professional nursing: Concepts & challenges. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Gligor, L., & Domnariu, C.D. (2020). Patient care approach using nursing theories – Comparative analysis of Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Henderson’s model. Sciendo, 25(2), 11-14. https://doi.org/10.2478/amtsb-2020-0019

McEwen, M., & Wills, E. M. (2019). Theoretical basis for nursing. Wolters Kluwer.

Strudwick, G., Booth, R., & Mistry, K. (2016). Can Social Cognitive Theories help us understand nurses’ use of electronic health records? Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 34(4), 169-174. https://doi.org/10.1097/CIN.0000000000000226

Yip, J.Y.C. (2021). Theory-based advanced nursing practice: A practice update on the application of Orem’s self-care Deficit Nursing Theory. Sage Open Nursing, 7, 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23779608211011993