NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1

Capella University NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1 – Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Capella University  NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1  assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1 

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Capella University  NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1   depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for  NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1  

The introduction for the Capella University  NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1   is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for  NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1 

After the introduction, move into the main part of the  NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1   assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for  NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1  

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for  NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1  

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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​ Sample Answer for NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1

​​Medication Errors​ 

Medication errors happen every day in all areas of healthcare varying in severity from no harm to death of a patient. To prevent medication errors from occurring several safeguards have been put into place over the years. Some of these safeguards include but are not limited to, the five rights of administration, pyxis machines, patient and medication scanning using barcodes to verify correct patient to correct medication, electronic medical records, color coding, and compatibility applications. Unfortunately to error is human and even with all the technological advances most medication errors boil down to mistakes made by the human, also known as the medical professional.  

As a nurse who works in both the Emergency Department (ED) and the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) working daily with many high risk and potentially deadly medications, I rely heavily on safeguards preventing medication errors. Unfortunately, the ED and ICU are both extremely intense hostile environments that rely heavily on the nurse to have quick critical thinking, experience and knowledge of several emergent medications and require safeguards to be bypassed to save lives with no time to lose, significantly increasing the chance of medication errors, making this topic near and dear to my heart.  

Identifying Peer Reviewed Articles 

To identify peer reviewed articles, I first went to the Capella University Online Library and used Summon to search for articles pertaining to medication errors. The keywords used for this search were “medication errors,” “medication safety,” and “Intensive Care Unit”. Then, I narrowed the search by selecting publication dates within the last five years written in English, narrowed the discipline to nursing, limited the search to only items with full text and have per reviewed publications and excluded newspaper articles and book reviews.  

Credibility and Relevance of Information Sources 

By using the summon search engine and narrowing the search to less than 50 peer reviewed articles I was able to choose four peer reviewed articles relevant to medication errors and medication safety in relation to administration, written within the last 5 years by confirmed reputable authors.  

Annotated Bibliography 

​​Magalhães, A., Kreling, A., Chaves, E., Pasin, S., & Castilho, B. (2019). Medication administration – nursing workload and patient safety in clinical wards. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 72(1), 183–189. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0618​ This article looks at the advances made in medication administration with the employment of the five right of medication administration and technology and goes on to explain how the five rights is not enough to prevent all medication errors and how the nurses on certain units are overloaded with the number of patients they have in relation to time spent giving medications and care. “Forty percent of the nursing time in clinical wards is estimated to be associated with drug administration, and work overload is a factor that contributes to the occurrence of errors in this process.” ​(Magalhães et al., 2019, para. 4)​. The study in the article points out many of the ways medication errors can happen, from placing the order, to transcription in pharmacy, to preparing of the med and describes how nursing is the last line of defense in the process to identify and intervene before the error reaches the patient. The findings of this article are relevant to medication errors in that it points out many avenues in which errors may occur to find ways to reduce errors in the future and increase patient safety.  

​​Manzo, B., Brasil, C., Reis, F., Corrêa, A., Simão, D., & Leite Costa, A. (2019). Safety in drug administration: Research on nursing practice and circumstances of errors. Enfermería Global, 18(4), 19–56. https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.18.4.344881​ This article discusses major challenges in health services that put the patients at risk in relation to medication errors and concentrates on the importance of identifying the process of preventing medication errors, the ability to report the error, and identify how these errors may occur in order to provide better care and decrease errors. “The first step in preventing health error is to admit that it is possible and, from this, health professionals need to understand the types of adverse events, their causes, consequences and contributing factors.” ​(Manzo et al., 2019, p. 48)​. This article also points out how the nurses are the last line of defense to identify med errors and intervene before error occurs pushing the importance of education to nurses on drug preparation and administration that aims at reducing medication errors.  

​​Mieiro, D., Oliveira, É., Fonseca, R., Mininel, V., Zem-Mascarenhas, S., & Machado, R. (2019). Strategies to minimize medication errors in emergency units: An integrative review. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 72(suppl 1), 307–314. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0658​ This article investigates many roles involved medication administration errors as a multidisciplinary process and concludes that there are several areas of concern and in need of greater investigation to come up with better strategies to reduce errors. ​(Mieiro et al., 2019)​ discusses nursing being the last link in the administration process responsible for preparing and administering error free with strong emphasis that error is possible at any level of the process, all with different forms of consequences. This article finds education, organization, and new technology to be strategies to minimize medication errors.  

​​Plutínská, Z., & Plevová, I. (2019). Measures to prevent medication errors in intensive care units. Central European Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 10(2), 1059–1067. https://doi.org/10.15452/cejnm.2019.10.0014​ “Medication errors in the ICU have far greater risk potential than those in general wards.” ​(Plutínská & Plevová, 2019, p. 1059)​. This article concentrates specifically on Intensive Care Units (ICU) and talks about the increased risk of errors given the populations declining condition and rapid changes in health requiring immediate intervention. ICU patients typically require higher amounts of medications, weight-based medications, continuous intravenous medications, and mostly medications that require constant supervision and titration in precise amounts. They speak of the workload to the nurse expected vs the number of patients they are required to care for in a given day at the same time. The authors of this article believe a few possible solutions to reduce medication errors are to employ full time pharmacist for the ICU’s, limit interruptions of the nurse during medication administration, and educate nurses on medications, adverse effects, importance of knowing patient background and what they are taking each med for.  

Learnings from Annotated Bibliography 

I’ve learned from all four articles above that medication errors are caused for numerous reasons and cannot be identified as just one singular issue. Each article has similar findings in that the nurses need further education to include medication administration policies, the importance of knowing what a particular medication is used for and what their possible adverse effects may be, including knowing the patient histories and how it applies to the medication being administered. All the articles above speak of the importance of the five rights of medication administration and how it alone cannot prevent all medication errors but is helpful in reduction of errors in combination with several other interventions starting at placing the order to the final line of defense being the nurses.  

As a critical care and emergency nurse of 13 years I fully agree with articles above and have fallen victim to some of the med error issues listed above, with distraction, being rushed, and number one issue of being completely overworked in an already hostile environment with completely ridiculous patient to nurse ratios. I for one would like to see better medication error preventions put into place for not only the safety of the patient but for the nurses as well.  

 Over the years I’ve felt like there was not enough emphasis on environmental factors of medication administration and that there was too much emphasis and dependence on the technology side of medication administration. For example, the order is not able to program the pump just as the pump is not able to read the order, both rely on the nurse. The above articles enhanced my knowledge of medication errors and administration by allowing me to realize that people do in fact see that technology is not a cure all and there are people trying to identify solutions for the human side of administration with better ratios, less distractions, and more education in combination with the five rights, experience, and technology.