HIST 405N Week 2 Discussion 2: Confederation and Constitution
Chamberlain University HIST 405N Week 2 Discussion 2: Confederation and Constitution– Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Chamberlain University HIST 405N Week 2 Discussion 2: Confederation and Constitution assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for HIST 405N Week 2 Discussion 2: Confederation and Constitution
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Chamberlain University HIST 405N Week 2 Discussion 2: Confederation and Constitution depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for HIST 405N Week 2 Discussion 2: Confederation and Constitution
The introduction for the Chamberlain University HIST 405N Week 2 Discussion 2: Confederation and Constitution is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
Need a high-quality paper urgently?
We can deliver within hours.
How to Write the Body for HIST 405N Week 2 Discussion 2: Confederation and Constitution
After the introduction, move into the main part of the HIST 405N Week 2 Discussion 2: Confederation and Constitution assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for HIST 405N Week 2 Discussion 2: Confederation and Constitution
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for HIST 405N Week 2 Discussion 2: Confederation and Constitution
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
Stuck? Let Us Help You
Completing assignments can sometimes be overwhelming, especially with the multitude of academic and personal responsibilities you may have. If you find yourself stuck or unsure at any point in the process, don’t hesitate to reach out for professional assistance. Our assignment writing services are designed to help you achieve your academic goals with ease.
Our team of experienced writers is well-versed in academic writing and familiar with the specific requirements of the HIST 405N Week 2 Discussion 2: Confederation and Constitution assignment. We can provide you with personalized support, ensuring your assignment is well-researched, properly formatted, and thoroughly edited. Get a feel of the quality we guarantee – ORDER NOW.
Sample Answer for HIST 405N Week 2 Discussion 2: Confederation and Constitution
The Articles of Confederation was the document formed by Congress for the new United States of America. When the articles of confederation were drafted in 1777, the states actually didn’t ratify it for nearly 4 years (Farris, Michael).However, the Articles did not form a national government, but instead formed a strong friendship among the states. There was no formal executive to enforce laws, and congress didn’t have the right to tax either (Mintz, Steven). A constitutional experiment was drafted, allowing all states to draft of their own constitutions. The differences between the two is that a militia was formed as a safety to all states and it also protected national liberties such as trial by jury, freedom of press and freedom of religion.
The Ratification of the constitution took place on June 21st,1788. The Philadelphia Convention of 1787, which is also known as the constitutional convention, began on May 5th, 1787; this convention consisted of the finalization of the drafting process of the constitution of the United States. The constitution was finalized on September 17th, 1787(Articles of Confederation). The most significant obstacle from the list in terms of the ratification of the constitution was “the demand for a Bill of rights was popular among Anti-Federalists, “since only once this was added were most people accepting of the document as a whole. The ratification process stated when the congress turned the constitution over to the state legislatures for consideration through specially elected state conventions of the people. Five state conventions voted to approve the constitution almost immediately (December 1787 to January 1787) and in all of them the vote was ( Delaware, New Jersey, Georgia) or lopsided ( Pennsylvania, Connecticut) (Articles of Confederation ).Clearly, the well-organized Federalists began the contest in strong shape as they rapidly secured five of the nine states needed to make the constitution law. However, a closer look at who ratified the constitution in these early states and how it was done indicates that the contest was much closer than might appear at first glance. Four of five states to first ratify were small states that stood to benefit from a strong national government that could restrain abuses by their larger states (Articles of Confederation).
The process in Pennsylvania, the one large early ratifier, was nothing less than corrupt. The Pennsylvania State assembly was about to end, and had begun to consider calling a special convention on the constitution, even before congress had forwarded it to the states. Antifederalists in the state’s assembly tried to block this move by refusing to attend the last two days of the session, since without them there would not be enough members present for the state legislature to make a biding legal decision. As a result, extraordinarily coercive measures were taken to force Antifederalists to attend. Antifederalists were found at their boarding house and then dragged through the streets of Philadelphia and deposited in the Pennsylvania State House with the doors locked behind them. The required number of members to allow a special convention to be called in the state, which eventually voted 46 to 23 to accept the constitution (Mintz, Steven)The first real test of the constitution in an influential state with both sides prepared for the contest came in Massachusetts in January 1788. Here influential older patriots like Governor John Hancock and Sam Adams led the Antifederalists. Further, the rural western part of the state, where Shay’s Rebellion had occurred the previous year, was an Antifederalist stronghold. A bitterly divided month-long debate ensued that ended with a close vote (187-168) in favor of the constitution (Farris, Michael). Crucial to this narrow victory was the strong support of artisans who favored the new commercial powers of the proposed central government that might raise tariffs (taxes) on cheap British imports that threatened their livelihood. The federalists’ narrow victory in Massachusetts rested on a cross-class alliance between elite nationalists and urban workingmen (Farris, Michael). The Massachusetts vote also included an innovation with broad significance. John Hancock who shifted his initial opposition to the constitution led the move toward ratification. Satisfied individual rights were going to be considered by the first new congress that would meet should the constitution become law. This compromise helped carry the narrow victory in Massachusetts and was adopted by every subsequent state convention to ratify (except Maryland).
References
“Articles of Confederation.” National Archives and Records Administration, National Archives and Records Administration, 2018, www.archives.gov/historical-docs/articles-of-confederationLinks to an external site..
Mintz, Steven. “The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.” Historical Context: The Survival of the US Constitution | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, 2018, www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/teaching-resource/historical-context-survival-us-constitutionLinks to an external site..
Farris, Michael. Defying Conventional Wisdom: The Constitution Was Not the … 1 Jan. 2017, www.thefreelibrary.com/Defying conventional wisdom: The Constitution was not the product of…-a0494741848.
ALSO READ:
HIST 405N Week 3 Discussion: Manifest Destiny and the Mexican War of 1846
HIST 405N Week 4 Discussion 1: Stepping Stones to the Civil War
HIST 405N Week 4 Discussion 2: Reconstruction and the Compromise of 1877
HIST 405N Week 5 Discussion: Industrialization, Imperialism, and America’s Entry Into WWI
HIST 405N Week 6 Discussion 2: World War II
HIST 405N Week 7 Discussion: American Foreign Policy during the Cold War
HIST 405N Week 8 Discussion: America and Terrorism in the 21st Century
Sample Answer 2 for HIST 405N Week 2 Discussion 2: Confederation and Constitution
The US faced a lot of hurdles when they wrote the articles of confederation. It was difficult to coordinate all the states together to make decisions which dragged the process of writing the articles out for four years. One issue the federal government faced has to do with the second article of confederation. The second article of confederation states that each state retains ins sovereignty, freedom, and independence and power (Articles of Confederation, 1995). This made it difficult for congress to pass any laws. They could pass them, but the individual states could choose not to follow them or not. This also made it difficult to trade with other countries because they knew that the states could go against what the federal government was telling them. Another issue the federal government faced was that they did not have the power to tax their citizens. By 1784 the national debt was in the 10s of millions (U.S. History). Some congressmen wanted to increase the power of the federal government so they could tax the people, but this would require altering the articles of confederation. They wanted to place a 5% tax on imported goods which would have cleared the debt, however Rhode Island kept the vote from being unanimous, so this did not pass.
The Philadelphia Convention in 1787 was originally supposed to amend the Articles of Confederation, instead they decided to create a new framework for their government. This would late the the United States Constitution. One debate that happened during this convention was on the issue of slavery. The slaveholders in the southern states wanted slaves counted in the population so they could be used for representative purposes. However, those in the northern states did not even want slavery mentioned on the document. To compromise they came up with the 3/5ths compromise which meant that three out of every five slaves would be counted in the population. The northerners agreed to this because they thought it would balance the power between the slave states the free states in the northwest. Another debate during the conference was on the issue of democracy. Some delegates thought democracy would lead to anarchy. To avoid this, they made it so senators were chosen by state legislatures and not the people directly. They also created the Electoral College for choosing the president.
Federalists were those who supported the 1787 Constitution and Anti-Federalists argued that it would be robbing states of the power to make their own decisions. Anti-Federalists said the government would be run by wealthy aristocrats and not the people. One main anti-federalist was Melancton Smith. Famous Federalists included Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison.
Articles of Confederation. (1995, July 4). Retrieved from https://www.ushistory.org/documents/confederation.htmLinks to an external site.
U.S. History. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://openstax.org/books/us-history/pages/3-3-english-settlements-in-americaLinks to an external site.
Sample Answer 3 for HIST 405N Week 2 Discussion 2: Confederation and Constitution
As the Articles of the Confederation were formed, it lead to many problems within the United states and how it functioned under it. . It held many different issues but a couple of them were big obstacles to overcome. One issue that affected the people was that they were not able to vote for members of the Congress directly, instead the people who were state legislators were the ones that were making the decision of who was going to be the one to represent the state. This known as unicameral legislation, which was a continuation of the earlier Continental Congress, here the national Congress was made up of state delegates and the United states had no president; executive order or national judiciary courts set in place according to Corbett et al. (2014). This leading to many concerns for the future of the government and running of the states. The Articles of Confederation also made it hard to establish foreign and commercial polices, this leading to the American exporters struggling to do business because states were not enforced to comply with treaties that congress made with foreign countries. By not having it enforced lead to a downfall in the economy because the British goods were flourishing throughout America at this time and the American businesses were failing. The unstable commercial polices and each state for themselves deciding if they wanted to follow the treaties that were in place, lead to this unstable American economy in these times.
The creation of the Constitution in 1787 had many issues leading to the signing of it. One of the debates was how in the new national government the representatives were going to be chosen. It was questioned if they were going to have the people of the states choose, or would it be the state legislatives, and how much representation were needed from each state. It was brought to attention by James Madison, that a plan; the Virginia Plan, be set to have a two-house legislation, with having an upper and lower house noted by Corbett et al. (2014). This leading to having the people of the states vote for and then elect the members of the lower house, then having the state legislators send delegates to the upper house. The population of the states would play an important role because it would also help determine the number of representatives in the upper house, known as proportional representation, according to Corbett et al. (2014). The formation of the two branches of government were established, the judicial and the executive and the members were chosen by both parties of the house. Many states were concerned with the proportional representation, thus finally leading to the Connecticut Compromise which stated that the senate; upper house would be represented by equal amount from each state and have two senators from each state, leaving the lower house as a proportional representation, noted in Corbett et al. (2014). Another debate was over democracy, there was concerns regarding it and its threat of anarchy, thus leading to the development of the electoral college according to Corbett et al. (2014). This was formed so the people of the states didn’t have too much direct power in the elections, then the delegates put in place that the senators were chosen by state legislatures and that each state had an allotted number of electors, the two senators and then remaining representatives of the house as discussed by Vaughn (2014).
The major differences between the Federalist and the Anti-federalist was that the federalist was for the ratification of the Constitution of 1787, pushing for a better future for the states. While the Anti-federalist were against the Constitution of 1787, saying that it was robbing the states of their own power to make decisions, by consolidating all power into a national government according to Corbett et al. (2014). The best well known members of the Federalist party were Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay, also known as “Publius” as the authors of the well known Federalist Papers, which were essays prompting the Constitution of 1787, noted by Gilje (2010). Prominent Anti-Federalist were Patrick Henry, who was well known for his stance on liberty, with the famous speech on “Give me Liberty or given me death!”, James Monroe and Samuel Adams, these men were against the U.S. Constitution of 1787, they built their ideas of on the republican ideology of the American Revolution according to Gilje (2010).
Corbett, P.S, Volker, J. Lund, J.M., Pfannestiel, T., Waskiewicz, S., Vickery. P. (2014). U.S. History. OpenStax. Houston, TX. Retrieved from: https://openstax.org/books/us-history/pages/1-IntroductionLinks to an external site..
Vaughn, J. S. (2014). Electoral college. In Encyclopedia of American Political Parties and Elections, Second Edition. New York: Facts On File. Retrieved September 8, 2020, from online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=239824&itemid=WE52&articleId=192920.
Gilje, P. A. (2010). Federalist papers. In Encyclopedia of Revolutionary America. New York: Facts On File. Retrieved September 8, 2020, from online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=239824&itemid=WE52&articleId=502190.
Gilje, P. A. (2010). Anti-Federalists. In Encyclopedia of Revolutionary America. New York: Facts On File. Retrieved September 8, 2020, from online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=239824&itemid=WE52&articleId=501865.
Sample Answer 4 for HIST 405N Week 2 Discussion 2: Confederation and Constitution
A major issue with the Articles of Confederation is that the congress didn’t have the power to tax the people. During the war the states had to pay to supply the militias to defend them and this costs the states lots of money. Congress sent out a request for funds, but with the high amount of debt the states couldn’t pay half of the amount asked by congress causing the debt to rise into the tens of millions (Corbett et al., 2014). With the struggling financial support, it led to the congress struggling to pay back American creditors and posed the U.S as a financial risk to other nations. In a struggle to gain trust with other nations “Congress faced foreign and domestic war debts that had to be paid to establish national credit” (Leibiger, 39, p. 351). It was proposed that there be a 5% tax imported goods coming into the United States, but it never was put into play due to Rhode Island rejecting it at the time. This would have cleared the nation’s debt but since it wasn’t unanimously supported it never succeeded (Corbett et al., 2014). Another problem is that under the second article of confederation, the states were able to remain free from following anything that congress passes. Even though congress would pass a law, each state has to choose on whether or not to abide by it. This even included major acts relating to foreign policy and Indian affairs. Ultimately, this article made laws almost impossible to pass (Corbett et al., 2014).
One argument at the constitutional convention, was the issue regarding slavery. Slaveholders were in favor of having slaves being counted the same as the whites when it came to deciding a state’s population, while there were some that didn’t want slavery mentioned at all. Including slaved in the total count would affect the number of representatives that were appointed from the states (Corbett et al., 2014). This total number also affected the amount of money that each state had to pay to the congress since the tax amount was decided by the total population. In 1787, the Three-fifths compromise was put into effect and it allowed three out of every five slaves to be counted when figuring a states total population. Another argument of the constitution was the question of Democracy. Many people at the convention believed that democracy had the chance to promote anarchy and were scared about giving too much power directly to the people. To combat this issue, they made sure the senators were chosen by the state legislatures instead of the being elected directly by the people themselves (Corbett et al., 2014). Another way to control democracy was by creating the Electoral College when electing a president.
The difference between the federalist and the anti-federalist is that the federalist were in favor of the constitution while the anti-federalist opposed it. While the federalist believed that the centralized republic would benefit the future of the nation, the anti-federalist argued that it would give too much power to the central government and take away individual power from the states themselves (Corbett et al., 2014). They also argued that the constitution didn’t have a bill of rights and that it was very similar to when the British were in control. Leading members of the federalist were Alexander Hamilton, Jon Jay, and James Madison while a key member of the anti-federalist was Melancton Smith.
References
Corbett, S., Janssen, V., Lund, J. M., Pfannestiel, T., Waskiewicz, S., & Vickery, P. (2014). U.S history. OpenStax. https://openstax.org/details/books/us-history?Book%20detailsLinks to an external site.
Leibiger, S. (39). “We have not a government”: The Articles of Confederation and the road to the constitution by George William Van Cleve (review). Journal of the Early Republic, 39(2), 350–353. https://doi.org/10.1353/jer.2019.0039Links to an external site.