HIST 405N Week 4 Discussion 2: Reconstruction and the Compromise of 1877

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How to Research and Prepare for HIST 405N Week 4 Discussion 2: Reconstruction and the Compromise of 1877              

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After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

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The introduction for the Chamberlain University HIST 405N Week 4 Discussion 2: Reconstruction and the Compromise of 1877  is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

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After the introduction, move into the main part of the HIST 405N Week 4 Discussion 2: Reconstruction and the Compromise of 1877 assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

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After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for HIST 405N Week 4 Discussion 2: Reconstruction and the Compromise of 1877              

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for HIST 405N Week 4 Discussion 2: Reconstruction and the Compromise of 1877

The United States embarked on a Reconstruction era with the end of Civil War where former rebel states were allowed back in the Union. Multiple reunification plans were proposed including Lincoln’s ten percent plan, Andrew Johnson’s reconstruction plan, and the Congressional reconstruction plan (OpenStax. (2019).

Lincoln’s ten percent plan gave a pardon to all Southerner’s with the exception of high-ranking military leaders and Confederate government officials. The aforementioned exceptions needed 10 percent of the 1860 voter population in order to take a binding oath of loyalty to the US and emancipation of slaves. The plan gave rise to conflict with a large number of Republicans who wanted to punish the rebel Southern states, known as the Radical republicans. They believed the plan dealt too moderately with the traders and demanded harsher repercussions (Barney, William L.).

Following Lincoln’s assassination, Vice President Andrew Johnson adopted Lincoln’s methods of reincorporated the Southern states- the goal was a speedy reunion with minimal consequences. President Johnson’s Amnesty and Reconstruction in May 1865 provided sweeping amnesty and pardon to rebellious southerners. I returned them their property, with the notable exception of their former slaves, and it only asked that they affirm their support for the constitution of the United States (Barney, William L.).

Those excluded from the amnesty were high ranking military personnel and confederate officials as well as persons with taxable property greater than $20,000. Again, Johnson’s plan was not favorable with the Radical Republican’s in congress and instead created their own representatives to develop a reconstruction plan (Barney, William L.).

†he congressional reconstruction plan or Radical Reconstruction acts represented the Radical Republican’s views in Congress. All Southern states were divided into five constitutions and ratify the fourteenth amendment in order to rejoin the Union. The Acts were vetoed by President Johnson but later overruled by congress (OpenStax. (2019).

Two opposing viewpoints are demonstrated when comparing the three Reconstruction plans. On One hand we have a merciful approach. Treating the southern states as a defeated nation worthy of unionizing. on the other hand, the radical Republican approach is to treat the South as rebellious states deserving of punishment. To say which of these were correct is merely a preference; personally, I would choose the route of Abraham Lincoln and his predecessor Andrew Johnson. I” In short, the terms of the plan were easy for most Southerners to accept. Though the emancipation of slaves was an impossible pill for some confederate’s or swallow, Lincoln’s plan was charitable considering the costliness of war” (OpenStax. (2019). President Lincoln Ultimately believed the succession of the Southern states was illegal from its initial offense and therefore treated the rebel states as continued members of the Union; with that been said Lincoln’s rationale to reincorporate the southern states as quickly as possible without generating animosity was the best route to achieving reconstruction.

References

Barney, William L. “The Civil War and Reconstruction: A Student Companion.”  Oxford University Press, 2001, http://www.history.com/Companion-Civil-War-Reconstruction/dp/144433882X. 

OpenStax. (2019). U.S. history. OpenStax CNX. Retrieved from https://openstax.org/books/us-history/pages/14-1-the-compromise-of-1850e (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

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Sample Answer 2 for HIST 405N Week 4 Discussion 2: Reconstruction and the Compromise of 1877

Lincoln felt that the states did not have the legal right to succeed and wanted to bring the nation back together. He put forward the 10% Act which would allow 10% of the voters, if they would pledge allegiance to the United States, they would be able to form state government and rewrite a constitution that abolished slavery.  This act did exclude some high raking military officials that participated in the war.

Once Lincoln was assassinated, Andrew Johnson a southerner set forth is own plan to bring the south back into the U.S. His plan was considered a “self-restoration” and included 14 categories of exception. It granted amnesty to the government officials and the military and allowed the states to write new constitution’s and that would abolish slavery.  However, some of these states wrote in “black codes” that restricted freedom for the slaves.

He would not consider civil rights for formal slaves and Congress felt this looked a lot like the pre-civil war.  Congress wanted rights for the freeman.  Congress took action to protect the rights of the free slaves and enacted the 13^th amendment which abolished slavery and gave rights to free black Americans.  Johnson did not agree with this and vetoed the bill.  Congress overrode his directive, and it became law in 1866.      

The Compromise of 1877 came about in a presidential race that was controversial and could not be decided by the electoral college. There were three states in dispute all under democratic control.  In order to elect Hayes a republican a compromise of three democrats form these states occurred. In exchange for the vote. The troops that were in the South protecting the rights of the Free slaves would be removed.  This restored white dominance in the states and ended the reconstruction.   Adderley (2018).

1. S History (2014) https://openstax.org/books/us-history/pages/16-1-restoring-the-unionLinks to an external site.

Adderley, C (2018) The Compromise of 1877. New York: Facts on File. Retrieved Sept. 25, 2020 form online.infobase.com

Sample Answer 3 for HIST 405N Week 4 Discussion 2: Reconstruction and the Compromise of 1877

The civil war was coming to its end and the carnage left behind was that of an extremely divided nation.  Now the country was faced with how to bring the North and South back together. Three plans were developed:

The first plan was the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (10%) Plan and it was started by President Lincoln. Lincoln wanted to bring the Southern states back into the Union as quickly as possible, but he also realized that he did not want to offend the Southern states so he felt being lenient would be a better way to get them back into the Union. His plan involved a few steps that would need to be accepted first before the Southern states could come back into the Union: During the election of 1860 at least 10% of the voting, males would swear allegiance to the United States, pardon the civilians (but it wouldn’t extend to the leadership in the confederate army or the leaders of the Southern government) and 10% of the voters to agree with the emancipation of slaves. President Lincoln would allow voters, once they took an oath to the United States, to start to draft a new constitution for their states. President Lincoln felt push back from the radical Republicans who thought he was not punishing the South enough.

Unfortunately, President Lincoln was assassinated in 1864, before his plan could be put in place.

The second plan was developed by Vice President Andrew Jackson, ironically a Democrat, and now was the President. President Jackson was not known for his political skill and was not as smooth a politician as President Lincoln. However, President Jackson did not like the Southern plantation owner and felt they were responsible for the civil war. Like President Lincoln, Jackson wanted to bring the country back together as quickly as possible. President Jackson’s plan was known as the “Andrew Jackson Plan.” This plan took a different approach from President Lincoln’s, it called for granting amnesty to Southern leaders and high-ranking confederate military personnel. Unlike Lincoln, he would allow them to seek political office. President Jackson’s plan required Southern states to adopt the Thirteenth Amendment which abolished slavery, and it would appoint governors who would draft the state constitutions. Once again, the Republicans did not believe the Southern states where punished enough. President Jackson’s relation with Congress continued to deteriorate, this caused a delay in Jackson’s reconstruction plan.

In 1866 the radical Republicans gained control of both Congress and the Senate, and this just about stopped Jackson’s reconstruction plan and further widen their divide with Jackson. Congress then presented the Civil Rights Act of 1866 which under the law, guaranteed rights and equal protection to all citizens, including blacks, but excluding the Native American Indian. President Jackson tried to veto the bill, but Congress would override his veto. Then Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act which would prevent President Jackson from removing executive officers from office without the Senate’s approval. Jackson vetoed this bill and Congress overrode it. This bill leads to the impeachment of Andrew Jackson and although it did not lead to his removal from office it certainly delayed his reconstruction plans. During this time frame, Congress drafted the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution which guaranteed citizenship to all males born in the United Stated regardless of their race.

The last reconstruction plan was the Congressional Reconstruction Plan which was also known as the military reconstruction.

This plan required the Southern states to be divided into five military districts. Each district would be overseen by the military to protect the newly freed slaves’ rights, especially their right to vote. All black and white citizens must have elections for representation at the state convention. Like Lincoln’s plan, confederated leadership and military leaders could not hold elected offices. Part of this plan required the states to redraft their state constitutions, similar to other reconstruction plans, and accept the newly proposed Fourteenth Amendment allowing all free men to have the right to vote. The presence of military troops in the Southern States lead to more friction in the South between the free slaves and the military.

It was going to be a monumental task to rejoin the North and the South after the civil war. All three plans had good intentions but unfortunately just like the politics of today, things get delayed. The reconstruction plans where not perfect. In a perfect world, it would take all sides working together with a common goal to accomplish what needed to be done. Today some of the same issues that the reconstruction plan attempted to address still are around, especially in the deep South. Some African Americans still feel they do not have fair and equal rights under the present political system. The solution to this problem is still a work in progress and quite frankly in all likelihood will always be a work in progress. On one hand, this is what makes America great, but on the other, it’s also America’s Achilles heel.

Corbett, et al, P. (2014). 16.1 Restoring the Union – U.S. History. Retrieved September 24, 2020, from https://openstax.org/books/us-history/pages/16-1-restoring-the-unionLinks to an external site.

US History. (n.d.). Retrieved September 24, 2020, from http://www.ushistory.org/Links to an external site.

Digital History. (n.d.). Retrieved September 24, 2020, from http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/Links to an external site.

Georgiastandard.org. (n.d.). Retrieved September 24, 2020, from http://www.georgiastandard.org/

Sample Answer 4 for HIST 405N Week 4 Discussion 2: Reconstruction and the Compromise of 1877

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (10% Plan) – Lincoln

Corbett describes that 10 % of the voting populace in the former revolutionary states of the South must take a vow for future loyalty to the U.S. and the liberty of all slaves. When these oaths were taken, a new statute would be written. (, 2014).

Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan

Corbett explains that Johnson presented pardons to many white southerners, excluding high ranking officials like confederate leaders and wealthy planters. He did approve of new administrations. Johnson wanted the liberty of all slaves but did not provide them any role in the political South. (2014)

Congressional Reconstruction Plan (Congress)

McNeese tells us that the congressional plan was to get the states to pass the fourteenth amendment. Prohibiting Tennessee from this as they were the chiefs in changing the amendment. (, 2009).  

Comparison:

All three Reconstruction plan wanted the freedom of all slaves. As for what else they added on top was unique. Pleasingly enough, they were all attempting to get the blacks the independence they disserved

Describe how the American culture and society changed in the North versus the South during Reconstruction.

McNeese describes that the culture and civilization for the South and North were very different. For the South, the need to fix the remnants in their garden and restoring a nation of destruction.  In the South, mood and attitude were at an all-time low. As for the North, there was the reverse of the fact. It formed prospects for the continent-wide railroad to help open and the West for new immigrants. in the North, people were happy too search through families and create a future. (2009).   

McNeese, T. (2009). Reconstruction: Life After the Civil War. New York: Facts on File, Inc. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-com.chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=280200&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Corbett, P. S., Janssen, V., Lund, J. M., Pfannestiel, T., & Vickery, P. (2014). U.S. History. Retrieved from https://d3bxy9euw4e147.cloudfront.net/oscms-prodcms/media/documents/USHistory-OP_IdjNctE.pdf