NU 629 Week 11 Discussion 1: Immunization Case Scenarios

Regis University NU 629 Week 11 Discussion 1: Immunization Case Scenarios– Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Regis University NU 629 Week 11 Discussion 1: Immunization Case Scenarios assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NU 629 Week 11 Discussion 1: Immunization Case Scenarios              

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Regis University NU 629 Week 11 Discussion 1: Immunization Case Scenarios  depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NU 629 Week 11 Discussion 1: Immunization Case Scenarios              

The introduction for the Regis University NU 629 Week 11 Discussion 1: Immunization Case Scenarios is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NU 629 Week 11 Discussion 1: Immunization Case Scenarios              

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NU 629 Week 11 Discussion 1: Immunization Case Scenarios assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NU 629 Week 11 Discussion 1: Immunization Case Scenarios              

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NU 629 Week 11 Discussion 1: Immunization Case Scenarios              

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NU 629 Week 11 Discussion 1: Immunization Case Scenarios

What is herd immunity and how can this help protect individuals who are not vaccinated?

Herd immunity or population immunity helps protect individuals who are vaccinated and those who are not. Herd immunity is when immunity within the population is high enough that regardless of vaccination status, transmission becomes unlikely (Kadkhoda, 2021). If the transmission rate is very low, then individuals who have not gained immunity by direct infection or vaccination are more protected.

What are the rates for your state related to immunizations, and how could this affect herd immunity?

There was a lot of information regarding vaccinations and children. To narrow down my search I looked specifically at vaccination rates among children who are 3 months old, like the child in this case study. I found that data collected for children 3 months old, born in 2018, had vaccination coverage rates the highest for both polio (92%) and hep b vaccines (93.6%) (cdc.gov). The CDC  reported that in 2018 children aged 24 months old 96.8% of children were covered against MMR and less than 80% were vaccinated against influenza. Gathering this information, I would say that most children in Massachusetts are protected against diseases such as MMR, Hib, hep b, varicella, and DTAP regardless of vaccination status. For some of these diseases greater than 95% of children are reported to be vaccinated making herd immunity possible. Vaccines that are 95% effective require at least 60% immunity to reduce the risk of transmission (Kadkhoda, 2021).

What immunizations should this patient receive today, and is there any leeway in the schedule to help alleviate some of the mom’s concerns?

The babies’ records show that she is up to date with her vaccinations. Therefore, she does not need to receive any vaccines today. However, if she was not up to date it would indicate she could have missed vaccines delivered at birth and the recommended 2 months. These vaccines include hep b (birth, 1 month, 2 months), RV1, DTaP, Hib, PCV13, and IPV (cdc.gov) The CDC provides a vaccination schedule with recommendations for catchup vaccination for any child whose vaccination record is not up to date. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends sticking to the recommended vaccination schedule. The recommended ages for vaccination on the chart are based upon evidence-based research, to provide the best efficacy for disease prevention (Edwards and Hackell, 2016).

To alleviate some of the mother’s concerns, I would begin by asking her what her concerns are so that I can better answer her questions. Perhaps the baby had a fever or was fussy after her last round of vaccines and this concerned mom. I could then explain to her that fever and fussiness are a natural immune response, and we could go over treatment measures to help alleviate the child’s symptoms with her next scheduled vaccination. Mom may not know the purpose of each vaccine or what disease they help prevent. As the APRN, I should be providing a vaccine information statement before each vaccination, help clarify any misconceptions, and educate my patients and their families to help create a helpful safe, and non-judgmental environment.

 References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, September 28). ChildVaxView interactive child vaccination coverage. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved November 9, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/coverage/childvaxview/interactive-reports/index.html.

Edwards, K. M., & Hackell, J. M. (2016). Countering vaccine hesitancy. PEDIATRICS, 138(3). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2146

Kadkhoda, K. (2021). Herd immunity to covid-19. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 155(4), 471–472. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa272

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Sample Answer 2 for NU 629 Week 11 Discussion 1: Immunization Case Scenarios

Patient #4: Your final patient of the day is a three-month-old baby. The nurse states that the mom is refusing vaccinations today even though the baby’s records show she is up to date on her immunizations. Mom explains that she feels like her baby is getting “too many” shots and since everyone else is being vaccinated, they can skip a few of the vaccines and her baby will be just fine. 

     Jesenia thank you for your informative post.  As an acute care geriatric nurse practitioner, it would not be likely that I would have an experience with a three-month-old baby.  You provided useful information regarding catch up vaccinations that would be extremely helpful for parents.  I would have the experience of educating people about herd immunity especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.   

     Herd immunity occurs when most of the community becomes immune to a disease.  This makes the spread of disease from person to person less likely (Mayo Clinic, 2021a).  The result of herd immunity is the who community becomes protected against the disease not just the persons who are immune (May Clinic, 2021a).  The Mayo Clinic reports that the percentage of community members who need to be immune to achieve herd immunity depends on how contagious the disease is (Mayo Clinic, 2021). An example is measles are highly contagious, according to the Mayo Clinic 94% of the population must be immune to the measles to accomplish herd immunity (May Clinic 2021a).  A recent study shows that COVID-19 is very contagious, but not as easily contagious as the measles, but the COVID-19 affects a more generalized population which increases the spread (Smith, 2021). There is no determination at this time what percentage of the population would need to be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity. As of November 11, 2021 only 58% of the US population has been fully vaccinated against COVID-19 (May Clinic 2021b) There have been many cases called breakthrough cases, where fully vaccinated people have still become ill with COVID-19.   As an APRN I would advise all patient to become fully vaccinated and not to rely on the rest of the community to develop herd immunity because herd immunity from COVID-19 will not be achieved at any time soon.   

References 

Mayo Clinic (2021, Oct 1) Herd Immunity and What You Need to Know?     https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/herd-immunity-and- coronavirus/art-20486808 

Mayo Clinic (2021b, Nov 11) US COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker:  See Your States Progress.      https://www.mayoclinic.org/coronavirus-covid-19/vaccine-tracker 

Wilder-Smith, A. (2021) COVID-19 In Comparison with Other Emerging Viral Diseases: Risk of Geographic Spread via Travel.     https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7847598/ 

Sample Answer 3 for NU 629 Week 11 Discussion 1: Immunization Case Scenarios

Immunization Case Scenario: Patient #4:

a. What is herd immunity, and how can this help protect individuals who are not vaccinated? What are the rates for your state related to immunization, and how could this affect herd immunity?
Immunization is critical to the individual and the society at large as it helps prevent certain infectious diseases. According to the World Health Organization (2020), routine immunization of children safeguards them from several infectious diseases that previously caused millions of deaths annually. Herd immunity is the type of immunity that directly protects an individual against a contagious ailment. It occurs when a population is immune either through immunization or through exposure to infection. Herd immunity happens when the most significant proportion of individuals in the community or population is resistant to an infectious disease through prior illness or vaccination, making the spread of the disease from individual to individual unlikely (Omer et al., 2020). When the community is experiencing herd immunity, unvaccinated individuals, immunocompromised, and newborns are afforded some defense since the contagious sickness has less chance of spreading within the community. For instance, if 80% of the community members are immune to an infectious disease, eight individuals out of ten would not contract a disease even if they encounter someone with it and would not further spread it. It means that the contagious disease is kept under control.
The WHO does not support herd immunity as it might result in unnecessary cases and deaths, such as those witnessed through the Covid-19 pandemic. According to WHO (2020), herd immunity against an infectious disease should be achieved by protecting the population through vaccination and not exposing them to the pathogen that causes the disease. Therefore, herd immunity protects the unvaccinated and the newborns by reducing the chance of spreading the disease.
The current statistics related to immunization indicated that Massachusetts (MA) had some of the highest immunization rates in the country. According to Mass.gov (2021), MA ranks the highest in the US for 19–35-month-old vaccinated with the combined series of 7 vaccines recommended for children before they turn age two and those for DTaP MMR vaccine. The high immunization rates among the children, adolescents, and young adults in the state show that many individuals have developed herd immunity, reducing the chance of spreading an infectious disease, such as HPV. However, the overall immunization rates for the adult population in MA are not satisfactory; for instance, the immunization rates for influenza in adults 18 – 64 years are 40%, and that for adults 65 years and older is 58% (Mass.gov, 2021). It means that herd immunity for this group is low, and the chance of spreading the infectious disease is high.

b. What immunization should this patient receive today, and is there any leeway in the schedule to help alleviate some of the mom’s concerns?
Given that the patient is 3-months old and her records show that she is up to date on her immunization, the patient is not scheduled to receive any vaccines until four months old, according to the guidelines for vaccination (Ventola, 2016). Most of the immunization’s first dose is given at 1-2 months, with the second dose starting at four months old. For instance, immunization for pertussis, DTaP, starts at two months old, and the second dose starts at four months (Ventola, 2016). The concerns raised by the child’s mother could be addressed by educating her on the importance of the vaccines and the likelihood of causing minor damage to the child. For example, the mother needs to be aware that giving several vaccines to the child does not compromise her immune system; instead, it boosts it. Furthermore, the vaccines that protect against infections are the most severe in infants and young children; hence, the timing is essential to protect the child (Kiely et al., 2018). To further alleviate her concerns, the mother should be given a schedule for each shot (combining shots in the same age bracket) and the appointment periods given priority to first visits.

References

Kiely, M., Boulianne, N., Talbot, D., Ouakki, M., Guay, M., Landry, M., Sauvageau, C. & De Serres, G. (2018). Impact of vaccine delays at the 2-, 4-, 6- and 12-month visits on incomplete vaccination status by 24 months of age in Quebec, Canada. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1-15. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-018-6235-6
Mass.gov (2021). Vaccine-preventable diseases. Mass.gov. https://www.mass.gov/info-details/vaccine-preventable-diseases
Omer, S. B., Yildirim, I., & Forman, H. P. (2020). Herd immunity and implications for SARS-CoV-2 control. Jama, 324(20), 2095-2096. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2772167%C2%A0
Ventola C. L. (2016). Immunization in the United States: Recommendations, Barriers, and Measures to Improve Compliance: Part 1: Childhood Vaccinations. P & T: A Peer-Reviewed Journal for Formulary Management, 41(7), 426–436. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4927017/
World Health Organization (2020, December 31). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Herd immunity, lockdowns and COVID-19. WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/herd-immunity-lockdowns-and-covid-19?gclid=CjwKCAiA1aiMBhAUEiwACw25MX07s133vmXNuI9k_zRMi0vulPtLXZjebfq3kIWIXxEEBizdUUlfHRoCxaIQAvD_BwE#