NURS 6051 LITERATURE REVIEW: THE USE OF CLINICAL SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE OUTCOMES AND EFFICIENCIES

Walden University NURS 6051 LITERATURE REVIEW: THE USE OF CLINICAL SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE OUTCOMES AND EFFICIENCIES – Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 6051 LITERATURE REVIEW: THE USE OF CLINICAL SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE OUTCOMES AND EFFICIENCIES assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NURS 6051 LITERATURE REVIEW: THE USE OF CLINICAL SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE OUTCOMES AND EFFICIENCIES

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 6051 LITERATURE REVIEW: THE USE OF CLINICAL SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE OUTCOMES AND EFFICIENCIES depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NURS 6051 LITERATURE REVIEW: THE USE OF CLINICAL SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE OUTCOMES AND EFFICIENCIES

The introduction for the Walden University NURS 6051 LITERATURE REVIEW: THE USE OF CLINICAL SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE OUTCOMES AND EFFICIENCIES is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NURS 6051 LITERATURE REVIEW: THE USE OF CLINICAL SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE OUTCOMES AND EFFICIENCIES

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 6051 LITERATURE REVIEW: THE USE OF CLINICAL SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE OUTCOMES AND EFFICIENCIES assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 6051 LITERATURE REVIEW: THE USE OF CLINICAL SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE OUTCOMES AND EFFICIENCIES

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NURS 6051 LITERATURE REVIEW: THE USE OF CLINICAL SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE OUTCOMES AND EFFICIENCIES

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NURS 6051 LITERATURE REVIEW: THE USE OF CLINICAL SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE OUTCOMES AND EFFICIENCIES

Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

Nurse informaticists and healthcare leaders provide the human resource applications to clinical and medical services. The nature of healthcare has primarily relied on the retention of information and intelligence by way of medical knowledge and expertise. Early comprehension of herbal medicine and human anatomy paved the way for modern medicine. However, the knowledge base of clinical services has also been entrenched in personal perspectives and values. These can occasionally limit the scope and objectivity of medicine, as has been evidenced throughout history.

The advancement in technology in recent years has allowed for objective science to prevail over subjective values and beliefs influencing modern medicine. As clinical services and modern medicine became more standardized, new technology was researched and applied to areas where technological advancements were needed. For example, X-rays evolved in order to evaluate bone structure and health. This technological advancement came with significant consequences in the past, as X-rays are extremely harmful to human beings. Luckily, the modern introduction of new technology only appears in healthcare settings after careful and significant research.

The purpose of this literature review is to identify modern applications of clinical systems in healthcare settings. The research will provide evidence to support the use of one type of clinical system to improve outcomes as well as efficiencies within modern uses of clinical systems within the healthcare setting for certain applications. The peer-reviewed research articles include modern applications within the past five years as well as applications of clinical systems internationally. Developing countries will also be considered for potential applications of modern clinical systems.

Clinical Information Systems

The first study that will be explored in this literature review gives an overview of recent research trends in clinical information systems, summarizing the best papers published in 2019 (Hackl & Hoerbst, 2020). The article serves as its own review of literature discussing clinical information systems. These systems now involve the use of modern technology, which is explored heavily within the trends examined in the study. The primary application of clinical information systems discussed in this study is the development and implementation of electronic health records (Hackl & Hoerbst, 2020).

The paper actively examines 957 journals from the Top-15 journals of 2019. Topics such as health communication, computers, informatics, and nursing, as well as the advancement of vaccine and other medical systems are highlighted within the study (Hackl & Hoerbst, 2020). These papers are said to provide important information regarding clinical information systems that can be derived from electronic health records and the digital landscape of health communication technologies. The study organizes the best papers of 2019 into a cluster to demonstrate which segment of clinical information systems are the most developed and streamlined to this day.

The study demonstrates that the most important articles regarding trends in clinical information systems involve reinforcing electronic health records and digital medical databases. It is evidenced from the study that cybersecurity is increasingly critical and should be tackled accordingly, as seen from the most integral papers investigating healthcare employees’ susceptibility to phishing attacks (Hackl & Hoerbst, 2020). As healthcare databases continue to migrate to the digital ecosystem, the security of private data must be protected from the new potential dangers of cybercrime.

Technology continues to be an indispensable part of the current innovative practice. In health care settings, the effectiveness of technology is demonstrated through its role in optimizing health outcomes and reducing inefficiencies (Malik et al., 2021). As a result, nurse informaticists and other health care professionals should continue exploring effective clinical systems and integrate them into patient care to improve health outcomes. Patient portals are among the widely used clinical systems for patients and health care practitioners. Nursing and health care research has explored its role in detail and provides different findings that underline their importance as a health care technology. The purpose of this paper is to annotate research on the use of patient portals in improving outcomes and efficiencies. 

Hazara, A. M., Durrans, K., & Bhandari, S. (2020). The role of patient portals in enhancing self-care in patients with renal conditions. Clinical Kidney Journal, 13(1), 1-7. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfz154 

Self-care helps to improve health outcomes among patients with different chronic conditions. In this study, Hazara et al. (2020) reviewed the role of patient portals in enhancing self-care among patients with renal conditions. The review was based on the PatientView portal, a freely provided web-based platform for patients with renal conditions in the United Kingdom. Regarding patient outcomes, patient portals enable patients to access electronic health records, such as test results and clinical documents, at convenient locations as long as they have internet access. Such information helps patients with renal conditions and other complex illnesses to manage their health better and update their health care providers appropriately. 

Efficient clinical systems reduce the distance between patients and care providers and facilitate communication. Hazara et al. (2020) observed the same in this study since the PatientView portal provided an efficient system that facilitated two-way communication between nurses and patients and provided an avenue for recording and disseminating essential patient data such as home blood pressure. The main lesson, as the authors underline, is that clinical systems should be designed to encourage patients to participate in managing their conditions. Such designs increase patient empowerment and self-management, which is the foundation of improved clinical outcomes. Critical design elements include functionality, easy access to information, and seamless two-way communication.  

Hefner, J. L., MacEwan, S. R., Biltz, A., & Sieck, C. J. (2019). Patient portal messaging for care coordination: a qualitative study of perspectives of experienced users with chronic conditions. BMC Family Practice, 20(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-019-0948-1 

Secure messaging is a critical component of the successful use of patient portals. In this study, Hefner et al. (2019) examined how experienced portal users engage with secure messaging to manage different chronic conditions. In the care context, secure messaging entails asynchronous communication between patients and health care providers. Hefner et al. (2019) found that such communication improves health outcomes by enabling patients to manage chronic conditions. In this case, patients can use patient portals as an extension of the office visit. Besides, patient portals support care coordination and patient collaboration with family and caretakers. 

Efficient clinical systems reduce barriers to care significantly. They should also have minimal barriers that hamper user experience and adversely affect their integration into patient care. Similarly, patient portals reduce communication and collaboration barriers. The main lesson from the article is the importance of user experience in the effective use of patient portals. Hefner et al. (2019) stated that patient training in the proper use of secure messaging is critical to address uncertainty among users. Training also improves skills and experience, enabling patients to use patient portals effectively and without uncertainties. Health care organizations should also identify technological barriers that hamper secure messaging and implement appropriate interventions. 

Reed, M. E., Huang, J., Brand, R. J., Neugebauer, R., Graetz, I., Hsu, J., … & Grant, R. (2019). Patients with complex chronic conditions: Health care use and clinical events associated with access to a patient portal. PLoS One, 14(6), e0217636. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217636 

For chronically ill patients, access to health care services is critical to coping, illness management, and reducing infections. In this article, Reed et al. (2019) examined the impact of patient portals on outpatient visits, emergency visits, and preventable hospitalizations. The study included patients with only diabetes and others with multiple complex conditions. For both patient groups, access to patient portals was associated with higher rates of outpatient office visits since patients seek more health care services if they are actively engaged in care and understand their conditions. The other significant health outcome from the study was fewer emergency room visits among patients with complex chronic conditions due to the active use of patient portals. 

Efficient clinical systems and procedures help health care facilities to reduce health costs significantly. Reed et al. (2019) found patient portals instrumental in reducing health costs by reducing preventable hospital stays among patients with multiple complex conditions. The main lesson from the article is that access to patient portals plays a critical role in increasing patient engagement in outpatient visits, which helps them promptly address unmet and emerging needs. The other lesson is that patient portals in health care settings should be encouraged and supported since it helps to reduce downstream health events that increase emergency and preventable care. As a result, health care practitioners looking forward to efficient, cost-effective, and effective care must prioritize patient portals as a tech-based clinical system. 

Stewart, M. T., Hogan, T. P., Nicklas, J., Robinson, S. A., Purington, C. M., Miller, C. J., … & Shimada, S. L. (2020). The promise of patient portals for individuals living with chronic illness: Qualitative study identifying pathways of patient engagement. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(7), e17744. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17744 

Chronic health conditions continue to be a huge burden for patients, families, and health care professionals. Effective management of such conditions is critical to improving health outcomes, and the role of patient portals cannot be underestimated. In this study, Stewart et al. (2020) explored how electronic patient portals facilitate patient engagement among individuals with diabetes. From a health perspective, patient engagement is characterized by the active involvement of patients in their care. Regarding the role of patient portals in improving outcomes, Stewart et al. (2020) found that patient portals provide a reliable platform for patients to better understand their health by asking health-related questions. This information improves engagement, diabetes control, and participation in care management since it helps patients to prepare for medication appointments by reviewing labs, notes, and symptoms. 

Regarding efficiencies, patient care is more efficient when the distance between patients and health care professionals is reduced and care coordination challenges are minimal. Stewart et al. (2020) found that patient portals improve efficiencies by providing a quick and secure messaging platform and facilitating efficient care coordination between patients and health care providers. The main lesson from this article is that health care providers should embrace patient portals and encourage patients to use them appropriately. Patients also need to be supported by addressing their attitudes and fear toward patient portals.  

Also Read:

THE INCLUSION OF NURSES IN THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

THE ROLE OF THE NURSE INFORMATICIST IN SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION

POLICY/REGULATION FACT SHEET

Conclusion 

Patients require appropriate support to enable them to understand their conditions, participate in care, and manage chronic conditions. Patient portals are valuable clinical systems for patients with chronic conditions. Beneficial outcomes associated with patient portals include increased patient-provider communication, illness self-management, and reduced hospitalizations. Such outcomes also change patients’ attitudes toward care and improve their relationships with families and caregivers. However, barriers such as negative attitudes toward patient portals and technology problems should be addressed. Patient training helps to improve user experience and should be prioritized in health care settings. 

References 

Hazara, A. M., Durrans, K., & Bhandari, S. (2020). The role of patient portals in enhancing self-care in patients with renal conditions. Clinical Kidney Journal, 13(1), 1-7. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfz154 

Hefner, J. L., MacEwan, S. R., Biltz, A., & Sieck, C. J. (2019). Patient portal messaging for care coordination: a qualitative study of perspectives of experienced users with chronic conditions. BMC Family Practice, 20(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-019-0948-1 

Malik, M., Kazi, A. F., & Hussain, A. (2021). Adoption of health technologies for effective health information system: Need of the hour for Pakistan. PloS One, 16(10), e0258081. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258081 

Reed, M. E., Huang, J., Brand, R. J., Neugebauer, R., Graetz, I., Hsu, J., … & Grant, R. (2019). Patients with complex chronic conditions: Health care use and clinical events associated with access to a patient portal. PLoS One, 14(6), e0217636. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217636 

Stewart, M. T., Hogan, T. P., Nicklas, J., Robinson, S. A., Purington, C. M., Miller, C. J., … & Shimada, S. L. (2020). The promise of patient portals for individuals living with chronic illness: Qualitative study identifying pathways of patient engagement. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(7), e17744. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17744 

Sample Answer 2 for NURS 6051 LITERATURE REVIEW: THE USE OF CLINICAL SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE OUTCOMES AND EFFICIENCIES

Introduction

This paper presents an annotated bibliography summarizing recent research on the application of clinical systems and their impact on healthcare outcomes and efficiencies. The purpose is to explore how various clinical systems have been used to improve patient outcomes and streamline healthcare delivery.

Annotated Bibliography

Research Article 1

Lu Wenjie, Zhang Jiaming, & Jiang Weiyu. (2023). The difference and clinical application of modified thoracolumbar fracture classification scoring system in guiding clinical treatment. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 18(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03958-4

In this article, Wenjie et al. discusses the clinical application of a modified thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score system (modified TLICS system) in guiding clinical treatment for patients with thoracolumbar fractures. The system was developed as an improvement to the existing TLICS system to address its limitations and enhance its effectiveness.

The study found that the use of the modified TLICS system significantly improved patient outcomes. Over an average follow-up duration of 19.2 months, patients demonstrated significant improvement in various outcome measures, including visual analog scale (VAS) score, modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, anterior vertebral height ratio, sagittal index, and Cobb angle. Additionally, neurological status also showed varying degrees of improvement. The systematic application of the modified TLICS system allowed clinicians to identify the severity of thoracolumbar fractures accurately and tailor treatment plans, leading to improved patient recovery and functional outcomes.

By implementing the modified TLICS system, the research showed that clinicians achieved more streamlined and efficient decision-making in clinical treatment. The modified TLICS system facilitated a comprehensive evaluation of various injury parameters, aiding in the accurate classification of thoracolumbar fractures. The system’s modifications addressed the limitations of the original TLICS system, enabling healthcare providers to make more informed decisions regarding the need for surgery and the appropriate treatment approach. As a result, the operation rate for the modified TLICS system was slightly lower than that of the traditional TLICS system. This suggests that the modified system contributed to the more efficient allocation of surgical resources while still achieving favorable patient outcomes.

The study provides valuable insights into the application of clinical systems in orthopedic settings. The development and implementation of the modified TLICS system offer a valuable lesson on how continuous improvement and refinement of existing clinical systems can enhance their practicality and effectiveness. By addressing the limitations of the original TLICS system, the modified version demonstrated its potential as a reliable tool for thoracolumbar fracture classification and assessment. The study emphasizes the importance of iterative research and continuous feedback from clinicians to optimize clinical systems for better patient care and healthcare efficiency.

Research Article 2

Parva Paydar, Shole Ebrahimpour, Hanieh Zehtab Hashemi, Mehdi Mohamadi, & Soha Namazi. (2023). Design, Development, and Evaluation of an Application based on Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) for Over-The-Counter (OTC) Therapy: An Educational Interventions in Community Pharmacists. Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism, 11(2), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2022.95843.1661

Paydar et al, shows the implementation of a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) in the form of an over-the-counter (OTC) therapy application for community pharmacists resulted in several improvements in outcomes. Firstly, the application significantly enhanced the knowledge and pharmaceutical skills of pharmacists in managing OTC therapy. By providing decision support and relevant information, pharmacists were better equipped to take comprehensive patient histories, make appropriate pharmacological and non-pharmacological recommendations, and identify when to refer patients to physicians. This ultimately led to more effective patient counseling and improved patient outcomes. Moreover, the application also contributed to a reduction in unnecessary referrals to physicians. Before using the CDSS-based application, a considerable percentage of patients were wrongly referred to physicians.

While the application increased the time taken to manage scenarios, it had a positive impact on overall efficiencies in patient care. Pharmacists spent more time collecting complete patient histories, resulting in more comprehensive evaluations and appropriate recommendations. Although the initial increase in time may seem inefficient, the overall outcome of improved decision-making and patient care justified this trade-off. Additionally, the mobile-based nature of the application offered ease of access and use for pharmacists in busy pharmacy settings. It allowed them to promptly access OTC therapy information and decision support, thereby enhancing their ability to counsel patients effectively and manage OTC-related situations efficiently.

The study yielded valuable lessons for the future application of CDSS-based tools in pharmacy practice. It highlighted the significant impact of such tools on enhancing patient care and pharmacist performance. The application acted as a valuable clinical support system, guiding pharmacists through patient evaluations and treatment decisions. This underscored the importance of integrating CDSS-based applications to improve patient outcomes and streamline decision-making processes in pharmacy practice. Additionally, user feedback from the evaluation using the user version of the mobile application rating scale (uMARS) questionnaire was essential in understanding user experience and application quality. The feedback provided valuable insights into the importance of user-centric design and continuous improvement to enhance user satisfaction and application performance.

Research Article 3

Shujuan Cao, Rongpei Zhang, Aixin Jiang, Mayila Kuerban, Aizezi Wumaier, Jianhua Wu, Kaihua Xie, Mireayi Aizezi, Abudurexiti Tuersun, Xuanwei Liang, & Rongxin Chen. (2023). Application effect of an artificial intelligence-based fundus screening system: evaluation in a clinical setting and population screening. BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 22(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-023-01097-9

Cao et al. explored the application of artificial intelligence (AI)-based fundus screening systems in the clinical environment has shown promising results in improving outcomes and efficiencies in the early detection and management of ocular fundus abnormalities. This study investigated the performance of an AI-based fundus screening system, focusing on diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and pathological myopia (PM), in a real-world clinical setting. The study aimed to evaluate the system’s diagnostic effectiveness, and its application in population screening, and identify areas for further improvement and integration of systemic indicators.

 Enhanced Diagnostic Accuracy: The AI-based fundus screening system demonstrated superior diagnostic effectiveness for diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and pathological myopia (PM), with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) all exceeding 80%. This improved accuracy leads to more precise and reliable diagnoses, enabling early detection and timely treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes and preventing irreversible vision loss.

Resource Saving and Efficiency: By automating the screening process, the AI-based system analyzes many fundus images quickly and accurately, reducing the burden on healthcare professionals. This increased efficiency translates to faster diagnoses, allowing for more patients to be screened and diagnosed promptly. The system’s efficiency enhances the overall workflow in clinical settings, leading to more effective patient management and treatment.

Scalability and Population Screening: The AI-based fundus screening system’s diagnostic capabilities in the clinical environment were comparable to those in population screening. This scalability allows the system to be applied in primary healthcare facilities for large-scale screenings.

Identification of Areas for Improvement: The study identified areas for improvement in the AI system’s performance, particularly in its sensitivity to age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and referable glaucoma. Lessons learned from the study provide valuable insights for future developments and updates to the AI algorithm. Focusing on enhancing accuracy and precision for these conditions will further optimize the system’s diagnostic capabilities.

Integration of Systemic Indicators: The study highlighted the potential to integrate the AI algorithm with systemic indicators, such as HbA1c levels for diabetic retinopathy diagnosis. This integration could significantly improve the system’s diagnostic capabilities, providing more comprehensive assessments of patients’ overall health.

Research Article 4

Gholamzadeh, M., Abtahi, H., & Safdari, R. (2023). The Application of Knowledge-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems to Enhance Adherence to Evidence-Based Medicine in Chronic Disease. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2023, 8550905. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8550905

Gholamzadeh et al. discussed the application of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) in chronic disease management has shown significant improvements in patient outcomes. By providing evidence-based recommendations and up-to-date information, CDSSs empower healthcare providers to make more accurate diagnoses and develop tailored treatment plans. This leads to better disease management, reduced complications, and improved patient health. CDSSs also help in identifying potential medical errors and providing timely alerts, contributing to enhanced patient safety and healthcare quality. With personalized patient care and targeted interventions, CDSSs play a vital role in improving clinical outcomes and patient well-being.

CDSSs have brought about substantial efficiencies in healthcare delivery. By automating the processing of patient data and presenting relevant information, CDSSs save clinicians valuable time and effort that would otherwise be spent searching for relevant medical literature and guidelines. This streamlining of the decision-making process allows healthcare providers to focus more on direct patient care and less on administrative tasks. As a result, CDSSs contribute to a more efficient and streamlined healthcare workflow, leading to enhanced productivity and resource utilization.

The implementation of CDSSs in clinical settings has provided valuable lessons for healthcare providers and developers. Challenges related to system integration, user acceptance, data quality, and clinician resistance to change have been encountered. To address these challenges, effective training, engagement with end-users, and continuous monitoring and evaluation of system performance have been essential. Additionally, adapting CDSSs to diverse clinical settings and patient populations has been critical for maximizing their impact.

In conclusion, the application of clinical decision support systems in chronic disease management has led to significant improvements in patient outcomes, enhanced efficiencies in healthcare delivery, and valuable lessons learned. By addressing challenges, embracing continuous learning, and upholding ethical considerations, CDSSs can continue to play a pivotal role in advancing patient care and healthcare quality.

Conclusion

The four peer-reviewed research articles presented in this annotated bibliography collectively provide valuable insights into the application of clinical systems and their impact on healthcare outcomes and efficiencies. These studies cover various domains within healthcare, including orthopedics, pharmacy practice, ophthalmology, and chronic disease management. A cohesive conclusion can be drawn from these findings to highlight the overall benefits and lessons learned from using clinical systems in diverse healthcare settings.

Firstly, the studies consistently demonstrate that the implementation of clinical systems leads to significant improvements in patient outcomes. In the orthopedic setting, the modified thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score system (modified TLICS system) improved patient recovery and functional outcomes for thoracolumbar fractures. In pharmacy practice, the Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) for over-the-counter (OTC) therapy resulted in more effective patient counseling and reduced unnecessary referrals to physicians. In ophthalmology, the AI-based fundus screening system showed enhanced diagnostic accuracy for various ocular abnormalities, leading to timely treatment and preventing irreversible vision loss. Moreover, the application of knowledge-based CDSSs in chronic disease management improved patient health, reduced complications, and enhanced adherence to evidence-based medicine.

Secondly, the research highlights the efficiencies gained by using clinical systems. In orthopedics, the modified TLICS system facilitated more streamlined and efficient decision-making, optimizing surgical resource allocation while achieving favorable patient outcomes. The CDSS-based application in pharmacy practice, despite increasing the time taken to manage scenarios, improved overall efficiencies in patient care by enabling more comprehensive evaluations and appropriate recommendations. The AI-based fundus screening system in ophthalmology automated the screening process, saving time for healthcare professionals and allowing for large-scale population screenings. In chronic disease management, CDSSs saved clinicians time and effort, leading to a more efficient healthcare workflow and enhanced productivity.

The lessons learned from these studies emphasize the importance of continuous improvement and refinement of clinical systems. The development of the modified TLICS system, the user-centric design of the CDSS-based application, and the identification of areas for improvement in the AI-based fundus screening system all highlight the value of iterative research and continuous feedback from healthcare professionals. Additionally, the studies underscore the significance of integrating clinical systems with systemic indicators and adapting them to diverse clinical settings and patient populations to maximize their impact.

In conclusion, the findings from these research articles collectively demonstrate that clinical systems play a crucial role in enhancing healthcare outcomes and efficiencies. By improving patient care, streamlining decision-making processes, and saving valuable time and resources, these systems contribute to overall healthcare quality and effectiveness. Moreover, the lessons learned from their implementation provide valuable guidance for future developments and improvements in clinical systems, ensuring continuous enhancement of patient care and healthcare delivery.

References

Gholamzadeh, M., Abtahi, H., & Safdari, R. (2023). The Application of Knowledge-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems to Enhance Adherence to Evidence-Based Medicine in Chronic Disease. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2023, 8550905. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8550905

Lu Wenjie, Zhang Jiaming, & Jiang Weiyu. (2023). The difference and clinical application of modified thoracolumbar fracture classification scoring system in guiding clinical treatment. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 18(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03958-4

Parva Paydar, Shole Ebrahimpour, Hanieh Zehtab Hashemi, Mehdi Mohamadi, & Soha Namazi. (2023). Design, Development, and Evaluation of an Application based on Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) for Over-The-Counter (OTC) Therapy: An Educational Interventions in Community Pharmacists. Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism, 11(2), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2022.95843.1661

Shujuan Cao, Rongpei Zhang, Aixin Jiang, Mayila Kuerban, Aizezi Wumaier, Jianhua Wu, Kaihua Xie, Mireayi Aizezi, Abudurexiti Tuersun, Xuanwei Liang, & Rongxin Chen. (2023). Application effect of an artificial intelligence-based fundus screening system: evaluation in a clinical setting and population screening. BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 22(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-023-01097-9

In recent days with the advancement of technology, the healthcare sector has experienced a great transformation towards using technology to improve patient outcomes, increase efficiency, and enhance data management. Current trends are evident in the healthcare organization and nursing practice. The most prominent trends in this sector include electronic health records, mobile health apps and telemedicine. The use of electronic healthcare records is among the most prominent technological trends in the healthcare sector, electronic health records have been adopted by a growing number of institutions and healthcare providers (EHRs). Electronic health records (EHRs) are digital copies of a patient’s medical history that doctors, and other medical professionals can view from anywhere. (Tanwar et al., 2020). The adoption of EHRs has greatly impacted the healthcare sector, streamlining the data management sector, increasing health efficiency, and improving patient care.   However, the introduction of Electronic Heath records has introduced a potential risk to the safety and privacy of data since hackers are able to access sensitive information regarding patients, thus resulting to a data breach.

Telemedicine is another known technological trend in the health sector currently used in healthcare organizations. Telemedicine involves using digital communication tools, such as video conferencing, to deliver healthcare services in remote areas. With the help of telemedicine, healthcare providers can diagnose and treat patients, thus reducing the need for patients to go for in-person visits (Wahezi et al., 2021). Telemedicine has proven particularly useful in remote areas experiencing a shortage of healthcare providers. However, introducing telemedicine has brought a potential challenge to patients since some areas need more access to a reliable internet connection. Thus, connectivity issues thus affecting the quality of care delivered to a patient.

Other recent healthcare technology trends that have gained traction include wearable devices and mobile health apps to monitor health progress. Wearable devices can monitor patients’ vital signs and notify healthcare providers if anything changes. At the same time, mobile health apps allow patients to test their health from the comfort of their homes (Sim, 2019). These innovations can increase the engagement of patients, reducing the need for in-person visits and enhancing patient care outcomes. However, a potential risk associated with these technologies is the accuracy of the data they collect. For instance, wearable devices may provide inaccurate readings, resulting in incorrect diagnoses and treatment plans.

Regarding data safety, legislation, and patient care, these healthcare technology trends have both come up with potential benefits and risks. One potential benefit associated with using technology in healthcare is to improve data safety and privacy. With the use of advanced security protocols, healthcare organizations can protect patients’ sensitive information from cybercriminals. However, a potential risk is the possibility of data breaches resulting from hackers accessing patients’ data. Legislation can also be a potential benefit as well as risk associated with healthcare technology trends. Legislation can protect patients’ privacy and ensure that healthcare organizations comply with regulatory requirements. However, overly restrictive legislation hinders the adoption of new technologies, thus slowing down progress in healthcare.

Regarding patient care, healthcare technology trends can significantly improve patient care outcomes. For instance, telemedicine has reduced the waiting times for patients, while mobile health apps have enabled patients to monitor their health and control their health outcomes (Wahezi et al., 2021). However, a potential risk associated with these technologies is the potential for patients to self-diagnose and self-medicate without consulting healthcare providers, which may result to adverse health outcomes.

From the above-discussed healthcare technology trends, I believe telemedicine is the most promising in the impact of healthcare technology in nursing practice. This technological trend can potentially increase efficiency in healthcare organizations (Wahezi et al., 2021). Telemedicine technological trend also has the possibility to reduce the need for patients to go for a personal visit, thus improving patient care outcomes. For instance, telemedicine can allow doctors to virtually assess and treat patients who need immediate attention, minimizing the need for visits to the emergency unit.

Healthcare technology trends are rapidly transforming the healthcare industry, potentially significantly impacting nursing practice and patient care outcomes. While telemedicine, electronic health records and mobile health apps are among the most prominent trends, there are inherent challenges and risks associated with these technologies. Data safety and privacy, the accuracy of data collected, and patient self-diagnosis and self-medication are potential risks that healthcare organizations and nursing professionals must consider. However, these trends offer potential benefits such as improving the privacy and safety of data, increasing efficiency, and improving patient outcomes. Of all these trends, telemedicine is regarded as the most promising for impacting nursing practice, as it has the potential to increase efficiency, reduce in-person visits, and improve patient care outcomes. By embracing these trends while mitigating associated risks, healthcare organizations and nursing professionals can leverage technology to deliver better patient care and drive positive outcomes in the healthcare industry.

NURS 6051 Module 3 Big Data Risks and Rewards

One potential benefit of incorporating big data into clinical systems is its capacity to enhance predictive analytics. Big data can analyze vast volumes of patient information, allowing nurses to identify patterns and trends that might otherwise remain concealed. For instance, by processing large datasets of patient vitals, medication adherence, and lab results, big data can predict disease progression, adverse events, or medication interactions more accurately. This empowers nurses to intervene proactively, improving patient outcomes and safety. There are potential challenges however, and risks associated with using big data in clinical systems. Privacy concerns are paramount among them. Collecting, storing, and analyzing such extensive patient data raises ethical questions regarding patient consent and data security. Inadequate protection measures can lead to data breaches, compromising patient confidentiality. Additionally, big data may introduce information overload, overwhelming nurses with an excess of data, and potentially causing alert fatigue, where important notifications are lost amid the noise. 
 
One effective strategy to mitigate these challenges is implementing robust data encryption and cybersecurity protocols. By ensuring that patient data is securely stored and only accessible to authorized personnel, healthcare organizations can maintain patient trust and adhere to privacy regulations such as HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act). Regular security audits and staff training on data protection are essential components of this strategy. Organizations can employ clinical decision support systems (CDSS) as an intermediary between big data analytics and nurses. CDSS can filter and prioritize relevant data, presenting nurses with actionable insights rather than inundating them with raw information. For example, if a CDSS detects a high-risk medication interaction based on big data analysis, it can alert the nurse with a specific recommendation, ensuring critical information doesn’t go unnoticed. 
 
References 

HealthIT.gov. (n.d.). Security risk assessment. https://www.healthit.gov/topic/privacy-security-and-hipaa/security-risk-assessment-toolLinks to an external site. 
 
Raghupathi, W., & Raghupathi, V. (2014). Big data analytics in healthcare: promise and potential. Health Information Science and Systems, 2(1), 3. https://www.springer.com/journal/13755