NRS 433V Assignment Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia
Grand Canyon University NRS 433V Assignment Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia – Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NRS 433V Assignment Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NRS 433V Assignment Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NRS 433V Assignment Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NRS 433V Assignment Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NRS 433V Assignment Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
Need a high-quality paper urgently?
We can deliver within hours.
How to Write the Body for NRS 433V Assignment Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NRS 433V Assignment Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NRS 433V Assignment Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NRS 433V Assignment Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
Stuck? Let Us Help You
Completing assignments can sometimes be overwhelming, especially with the multitude of academic and personal responsibilities you may have. If you find yourself stuck or unsure at any point in the process, don’t hesitate to reach out for professional assistance. Our assignment writing services are designed to help you achieve your academic goals with ease.
Our team of experienced writers is well-versed in academic writing and familiar with the specific requirements of the NRS 433V Assignment Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia assignment. We can provide you with personalized support, ensuring your assignment is well-researched, properly formatted, and thoroughly edited. Get a feel of the quality we guarantee – ORDER NOW.
Sample Answer for NRS 433V Assignment Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia
A majority of the patients receiving their care in the intensive care unit have to grapple with different adverse outcomes which affect their well-being. Due to their conditions, these individuals have to be assisted with their daily living activities. Since most of these patients face difficulties with their breathing, they need to be provided with aids which will improve this process. Thus, fitting these individuals with mechanical ventilators has long been used as a strategy for facilitating the proper breathing.
However, due to improper handling of these ventilators, a medium for bacteria growth is created resulting in the patient developing ventilator-associated pneumonia (Bassi, Ferrer, Marti, Comaru & Torres, 2014). In most cases, this condition arises as a result of the tracheostomy tubes allowing bacteria into the lower lung regions. In case the immune system of the patient is weak, they carry a higher risk of having to battle with the adverse effects associated with the condition.
The various bacteria responsible for the development of this condition include Hemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus (Lewnard et al., 2015). Thus, the evidence-based practice plan which may be used to address this problem is the use of ventilator bundles. These bundles comprise oral hygiene using chlorhexidine, an elevation of the patient’s bed to between 30 degrees and 45 degrees, provision of deep venous thrombosis, daily sedation holds and stress ulcer prophylaxis.
PICOT Statement
For intubated patients in the intensive care unit, is the use of ventilator bundles more effective than standard care (use of antibiotics) in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia during hospitalization?
1. Type of Research Study: Quantitative
Literature search
Talbot, T. R., Carr, D., Parmley, C. L., Martin, B. J., Gray, B., Ambrose, A., & Starmer, J. (2015). Sustained reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia rates using real-time course correction with a ventilator bundle compliance dashboard. infection control & hospital epidemiology, 36(11), 1261-1267.
Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of practice bundles on reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) has been questioned. Objective: To implement a comprehensive program that included a real-time bundle compliance dashboard to improve compliance and reduce ventilator-associated complications. DESIGN Before-and-after quasi-experimental study with interrupted time-series analysis. SETTING Academic medical center. Methods: In 2007 a comprehensive institutional ventilator bundle program was developed. To assess bundle compliance and stimulate instant course correction of noncompliant parameters, a real-time computerized dashboard was developed. Program impact in 6 adult intensive care units (ICUs) was assessed. Bundle compliance was noted as an overall cumulative bundle adherence assessment, reflecting the percentage of time all elements were concurrently in compliance for all patients. Results: The VAP rate in all ICUs combined decreased from 19.5 to 9.2 VAPs per 1,000 ventilator-days following program implementation (P<.001). Bundle compliance significantly increased (Z100 score of 23% in August 2007 to 83% in June 2011 [P<.001]). The implementation resulted in a significant monthly decrease in the overall ICU VAP rate of 3.28/1,000 ventilator-days (95% CI, 2.64-3.92/1,000 ventilator-days). Following the intervention, the VAP rate decreased significantly at a rate of 0.20/1,000 ventilator-days per month (95% CI, 0.14-0.30/1,000 ventilator-days per month). Among all adult ICUs combined, improved bundle compliance was moderately correlated with monthly VAP rate reductions (Pearson correlation coefficient, -0.32). Conclusion: A prevention program using a real-time bundle adherence dashboard was associated with significant sustained decreases in VAP rates and an increase in bundle compliance among adult ICU patients.
2. Type of Research Study: Quantitative
Jansson, M., Ala-Kokko, T., Ylipalosaari, P., Syrjälä, H., & Kyngäs, H. (2013). Critical care nurses’ knowledge of, adherence to and barriers towards evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia–A survey study. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 29(4), 216-227.
Abstract
Objectives: To explore critical care nurses’ knowledge of, adherence to and barriers towards evidence-based guidelines for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Design: A quantitative cross-sectional survey. Methods: Two multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed to critical care nurses (n=101) in a single academic centre in Finland in the autumn of 2010. An independent-samples t-test was used to compare critical care nurses’ knowledge and adherence within different groups. The principles of inductive content analysis were used to analyse the barriers towards evidence-based guidelines for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Results: The mean score in the knowledge test was 59.9%. More experienced nurses performed significantly better than their less-experienced colleagues (p=0.029). The overall, self-reported adherence was 84.0%. The main self-reported barriers towards evidence-based guidelines were inadequate resources and disagreement with the results as well as lack of time, skills, knowledge and guidance. Conclusion: There is an ongoing need for improvements in education and effective implementation strategies. Clinical implications: The results could be used to inform local practice and stimulate debate on measures to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. Education, guidelines as well as ventilator bundles and instruments should be developed and updated to improve infection control.
3. Type of Research Study: Qualitative
Leblebicioglu, H., Yalcin, A. N., Rosenthal, V. D., Koksal, I., Sirmatel, F., Unal, S., … & Ulusoy, S. (2013). Effectiveness of a multidimensional approach for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in 11 adult intensive care units from 10 cities of Turkey: findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC). Infection, 41(2), 447-456.
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) multidimensional approach on the reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in adult patients hospitalized in 11 intensive care units (ICUs), from 10 hospitals, members of the INICC, in 10 cities of Turkey. Methods: A prospective active before-after surveillance study was conducted to determine the effect of the INICC multidimensional approach in the VAP rate. The study was divided into two phases. In phase 1, active prospective surveillance of VAP was conducted using the definitions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Health Safety Network, and the INICC methods. In phase 2, we implemented the multidimensional approach for VAP. The INICC multidimensional approach included the following measures: (1) bundle of infection control interventions, (2) education, (3) outcome surveillance, (4) process surveillance, (5) feedback of VAP rates, and (6) performance feedback of infection control practices. We compared the rates of VAP obtained in each phase. A time series analysis was performed to assess the impact of our approach. Results: In phase 1, we recorded 2,376 mechanical ventilator (MV)-days, and in phase 2, after implementing the multidimensional approach, we recorded 28,181 MV-days. The rate of VAP was 31.14 per 1,000 MV-days during phase 1, and 16.82 per 1,000 MV-days during phase 2, amounting to a 46 % VAP rate reduction (RR, 0.54; 95 % CI, 0.42-0.7; P value, 0.0001.) Conclusions: The INICC multidimensional approach was associated with a significant reduction in the VAP rate in these adult ICUs of Turkey.
4. Type of Research Study: Quantitative
Nicolosi, L. N., del Carmen Rubio, M., Martinez, C. D., González, N. N., & Cruz, M. E. (2014). Effect of oral hygiene and 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia after cardiovascular surgery. Respiratory care, 59(4), 504-509.
Abstract
Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a nosocomial infection of multifactorial etiology and has a negative influence on cardiovascular surgery (CVS) outcomes. Objectives: Determine the effect of toothbrushing plus 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse in preventing VAP after CVS. Methods: In a quasi-experimental study, patients undergoing heart surgery were enrolled in a protocol for controlling dental biofilm by proper oral hygiene (toothbrushing) and oral rinses with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (Group 1), and they were compared with a historical control group (Group 2), which included patients who underwent cardiac surgery between 2009 and 2010 and who received regular oral hygiene care. Seventy-two hours before surgery, a dentist provided instruction and supervised oral hygiene with toothbrushing and chlorhexidine oral rinses to patients in Group 1. Results: Each group comprised 150 patients. A lower incidence of VAP (2.7% [95% CI 0.7-7.8] vs 8.7% [95% CI 4.9-14.7], P = .04) and a shorter hospital stay (9 ± 3 d [95% CI 8.5-9.5] vs 10 ± 4 d [95% CI 9.4-10.7], P = .01) were observed in Group 1. No significant differences in all-cause in-hospital death were observed between groups (5.3% vs 4.7%, P > .99). The risk for developing pneumonia after surgery was 3-fold higher in Group 2 (3.9, 95% CI 1.1-14.2). Conclusions: Oral hygiene and mouth rinses with chlorhexidine under supervision of a dentist proved effective in reducing the incidence of VAP.
5. Type of Research Study: Qualitative
Al-Thaqafy, M. S., El-Saed, A., Arabi, Y. M., & Balkhy, H. H. (2014). Association of compliance of ventilator bundle with incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and ventilator utilization among critical patients over 4 years. Annals of thoracic medicine, 9(4), 221.
Abstract
Background: Several studies showed that the implementation of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) ventilator bundle alone or with other preventive measures are associated with reducing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) rates. However, the association with ventilator utilization was rarely examined and the findings were conflicting. The objectives were to validate the bundle association with VAP rate in a traditionally high VAP environment and to examine its association with ventilator utilization. Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the adult medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU) at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia, between 2010 and 2013. VAP data were collected by a prospective targeted surveillance as per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) methodology while bundle data were collected by a cross-sectional design as per IHI methodology. Results: Ventilator bundle compliance significantly increased from 90% in 2010 to 97% in 2013 (P for trend < 0.001). On the other hand, VAP rate decreased from 3.6 (per 1000 ventilator days) in 2010 to 1.0 in 2013 (P for trend = 0.054) and ventilator utilization ratio decreased from 0.73 in 2010 to 0.59 in 2013 (P for trend < 0.001). There were negative significant correlations between the trends of ventilator bundle compliance and VAP rate (cross-correlation coefficients -0.63 to 0.07) and ventilator utilization (cross-correlation coefficients -0.18 to -0.63). Conclusion: More than 70% improvement of VAP rates and approximately 20% improvement of ventilator utilization were observed during IHI ventilator bundle implementation among adult critical patients in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia. Replicating the current finding in multicenter randomized trials is required before establishing any causal link.
6. Type of Research Study: Qualitative
Silva, S. G. D., Nascimento, E. R. P. D., & Salles, R. K. D. (2014). Ventilator-associated pneumonia: discourse of professionals about prevention. Escola Anna Nery, 18(2), 290-295.
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify the care that nurses and physiotherapists know and consider important for Prevention of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia (VAP) in an intensive care unit. Methods: This is a descriptive research with qualitative nature. Semi structured interview was carried out from May to September 2011, with 25 professionals in a public hospital of Santa Catarina. For the treatment of data we used the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD). Results: The reports led to four discourses related to prevention of VAP which had as central ideas: oral and hands hygiene; prevention of the pulmonary aspiration; cares with the aspiration of secretions and ventilator circuit and daily assessment of the possibility of extubation. Conclusion: CSD analysis suggests that professionals have a good theoretical knowledge about preventive actions for VAP, however, reveals the challenge to implement some care in routine assistance.
References
Al-Thaqafy, M. S., El-Saed, A., Arabi, Y. M., & Balkhy, H. H. (2014). Association of compliance of ventilator bundle with incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and ventilator utilization among critical patients over 4 years. Annals of thoracic medicine, 9(4), 221.
Bassi, G. L., Ferrer, M., Marti, J. D., Comaru, T., & Torres, A. (2014, August). Ventilator-associated pneumonia. In Seminars in respiratory and Critical care medicine (Vol. 35, No. 04, pp. 469-481). Thieme Medical Publishers.
Jansson, M., Ala-Kokko, T., Ylipalosaari, P., Syrjälä, H., & Kyngäs, H. (2013). Critical care nurses’ knowledge of, adherence to and barriers towards evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia–A survey study. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 29(4), 216-227.
Leblebicioglu, H., Yalcin, A. N., Rosenthal, V. D., Koksal, I., Sirmatel, F., Unal, S., … & Ulusoy, S. (2013). Effectiveness of a multidimensional approach for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in 11 adult intensive care units from 10 cities of Turkey: findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC). Infection, 41(2), 447-456.
Lewnard, J. A., Givon-Lavi, N., Huppert, A., Pettigrew, M. M., Regev-Yochay, G., Dagan, R., & Weinberger, D. M. (2015). Epidemiological markers for interactions among Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus in upper respiratory tract carriage. The Journal of infectious diseases, 213(10), 1596-1605.
Nicolosi, L. N., del Carmen Rubio, M., Martinez, C. D., González, N. N., & Cruz, M. E. (2014). Effect of oral hygiene and 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia after cardiovascular surgery. Respiratory care, 59(4), 504-509.
Silva, S. G. D., Nascimento, E. R. P. D., & Salles, R. K. D. (2014). Ventilator-associated pneumonia: discourse of professionals about prevention. Escola Anna Nery, 18(2), 290-295.
Talbot, T. R., Carr, D., Parmley, C. L., Martin, B. J., Gray, B., Ambrose, A., & Starmer, J. (2015). Sustained reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia rates using real-time course correction with a ventilator bundle compliance dashboard. infection control & hospital epidemiology, 36(11), 1261-1267.