NURS 6512 LAB ASSIGNMENT: ASSESSING THE GENITALIA AND RECTUM

Walden University NURS 6512 LAB ASSIGNMENT: ASSESSING THE GENITALIA AND RECTUM– Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 6512 LAB ASSIGNMENT: ASSESSING THE GENITALIA AND RECTUM assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NURS 6512 LAB ASSIGNMENT: ASSESSING THE GENITALIA AND RECTUM

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 6512 LAB ASSIGNMENT: ASSESSING THE GENITALIA AND RECTUM depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NURS 6512 LAB ASSIGNMENT: ASSESSING THE GENITALIA AND RECTUM

The introduction for the Walden University NURS 6512 LAB ASSIGNMENT: ASSESSING THE GENITALIA AND RECTUM is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NURS 6512 LAB ASSIGNMENT: ASSESSING THE GENITALIA AND RECTUM

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 6512 LAB ASSIGNMENT: ASSESSING THE GENITALIA AND RECTUM assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 6512 LAB ASSIGNMENT: ASSESSING THE GENITALIA AND RECTUM

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NURS 6512 LAB ASSIGNMENT: ASSESSING THE GENITALIA AND RECTUM

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NURS 6512 LAB ASSIGNMENT: ASSESSING THE GENITALIA AND RECTUM

Health assessment, such as the one in NURS 6512 LAB ASSIGNMENT: ASSESSING THE GENITALIA AND RECTUM, helps clinicians develop the most effective care plan from clinical reasoning, diagnosis, and treatment of the patient effective, based on the provided information. For instance, when carrying out a genitourinary assessment of a patient, it is very important to base the investigations on the patient’s subjective data and diagnostic examination (Chen & Zeng, 2020). The provided case study for this assignment presents a 32-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of frequency, dysuria, and urgency for the past two days. A thorough health assessment is required for further understanding of the condition the patient is suffering from to promote the development of an appropriate care plan. Hence, this NURS 6512 LAB ASSIGNMENT: ASSESSING THE GENITALIA AND RECTUM paper aims at exploring additional subjective and objective information necessary to promote the diagnosis process of this patient. 

Additional Subjective Information 

The subjective information provided by the patient includes the chief complaint of increased urine frequency, urgency, and painful urination. Following the acronym “OLD CARTS” for further elaboration of the patient’s chief complaint, only the onset, and location of the symptoms have been provided since the patient reports having the above symptoms for the past two days (Kim et al., 2019). However, additional information regarding the patient presenting symptoms such as severity, alleviating, and aggravating factors are also crucial in promoting further understanding of the patient’s condition.  

Under current patient medication, the patient reports not taking any medication at the moment for the present condition or any other medical condition. However, information regarding the patient’s allergies and past medical history are missing (Chen & Zeng, 2020). The patient also reports a history of tonsillectomy in 2001, and appendectomy in 2020, which are essential aspects of the patient’s subjective information. The immunization status of the patient is however missing, which is crucial in understanding the cause of the patient’s condition and how it should be managed.  

The patient’s social and family history are also missing, which are crucial in determining the risk factors which predispose the patient to certain medical conditions. Additionally, the patient’s reproductive history is also missing, such as the menstrual cycle is also missing, in addition to health maintenance such as eating habits and sleeping patterns (Paladine & Desai, 2018). Finally, the review of systems for this patient is also missing. This information is crucial for further understanding the normal functioning of different body systems, to determine which systems have been affected by the patient’s condition.  

Additional Objective Information 

The objective information is usually collected upon conducting a physical examination of the patient while focusing only on pertinent data to the reported patient’s chief complaint. The clinician needs to start by evaluating the patient’s general health by describing their general appearance such as alert, fatigued, or well-groomed (Kim et al., 2019). The patient’s vitals dada has been provided, but still lacks information on the patient’s height and weight which is needed in calculating her BMI and determining if she has an ideal body weight, obese, overweight, or underweight. Cardiovascular and respiratory examination findings are also necessary for determining the functioning of the two systems, of which abnormalities are associated with poor health and increased risk of infections.  

Additionally, since the patient presents with symptoms of a genitourinary disease, it is quite crucial to conduct a comprehensive examination of the genitourinary system. Mild tenderness of the suprapubic area was reported, in addition to the absence of vaginal discharge and adnexal tenderness. Upon conducting the pelvic bimanual examination, it was noted that the patient had normal-sized adnexa and uterus with a normal cervix in appearance. In addition to this information, the characteristic of the patient’s urine, in terms of appearance and odor should have also been provided for further understanding of the condition the patient is suffering from (Charvériat & Fritel, 2019). The reported objective information is necessary in guiding the type of diagnostic tests to order to promote an accurate diagnosis of the patient.  

Assessment 

The provided subjective and objective information relatively supports the assessment of the patient which suggests the presence of urinary tract infection (UTI). The patient is positive for UTI symptoms such as increased frequency and urgency and pain during urination as demonstrated in the subjective portion of the patient’s history. Additional UTI symptoms include foul-smelling and cloudy urine among others (Paladine & Desai, 2018). The objective portion of the patient history on the other hand reveals mild tenderness in the suprapubic region which might have resulted from urine retention confirming the presence of an infection. However, urinalysis and urine culture are required to confirm this assessment.  

Diagnostics Appropriateness 

Given that most genitourinary diseases she common symptoms such as increased urgency and frequency, certain diagnostic tests are needed for the clinician to be able to come up with an accurate diagnosis. Such tests include urinalysis, to assess for the presence of a bacteria, virus, or any other causative microorganism (Kim et al., 2019). A urine culture is needed to determine the type of bacteria causing the infection. Consequently, a cystoscopy test is also necessary to examine infections of the urethra and bladder and determine the cause of the urinary tract infection.  

Differential Diagnosis for NURS 6512 LAB ASSIGNMENT: ASSESSING THE GENITALIA AND RECTUM Case

Based on the provided information, I would accept the current UTI diagnosis, which is supported by symptoms such as increased urine frequency, dysuria, and urgency for two days. Physical examination findings such as mild tenderness in the suprapubic region also confirm the presence of an infection. However, I would order urinalysis and urine culture to identify the actual causative microorganisms and confirm the primary diagnosis ad rule out the differential diagnosis (Johnson & Russo, 2018). Some of the differential diagnoses for the NURS 6512 LAB ASSIGNMENT: ASSESSING THE GENITALIA AND RECTUM case include vaginitis, pyelonephritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).  

Vaginitis is an inflammatory condition of the vagina characterized by pain, itchiness, and discharge. It is usually caused by an infection or change in the balance of the vaginal normal flora. The patient is positive for pain during urination (Paladine & Desai, 2018). However, according to the Amsel criteria, the diagnosis of vaginitis requires the presence of clue cells on microscopy of vaginal fluid, vaginal pH higher than 4.5, milky discharge, and a positive whiff test.  

Pyelonephritis or kidney infection is a type of UTI which normally starts in the patient’s bladder or urethra and travels to both or one of the patient’s kidneys (Johnson & Russo, 2018). Patients with this disease normally present with frequent urination, and pain during urination, just like the patient in the provided case study in addition to other symptoms such as fever, fatigue and nausea, and vomiting. Urinalysis or culture is required to confirm this diagnosis, in addition to the patient presenting symptoms as demonstrated above.  

Finally, PID is an infection that normally affects the female reproductive organs. It usually occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria travel from the patient’s vagina to the uterus, fallopian tube, or even ovaries (Charvériat & Fritel, 2019). The patient in the provided case study is sexually active and recently changes a sex partner which puts her at risk of this infection. Patients diagnosed with this disease normally present with symptoms such as painful urination, pain during sex, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, irregular menstrual periods, and abnormal vaginal discharge. To confirm the diagnosis of PID, an endometrial biopsy with histopathologic evidence suggesting endometritis is required. Transvaginal sonography and magnetic resonance imaging of the patient’s pelvic area may also be required to confirm this diagnosis. 

Conclusion 

The female patient in the provided case study presents to the clinic complaining of increased frequency, pain with urination, and urgency. Associated symptoms include lack of appetite, flank pain, and pelvic discomfort. These symptoms suggest a UTI diagnosis, however, additional subjective and objective information is required to confirm this diagnosis. Several diagnostic tests also needed to be ordered to rule out the differentials and come up with the primary diagnosis. Such tests include cystoscopy tests, urine tests, and urine culture. The possible differential diagnosis includes vaginitis, Pyelonephritis, and PID. 

NURS 6512 LAB ASSIGNMENT: ASSESSING THE GENITALIA AND RECTUM References 

Charvériat, A., & Fritel, X. (2019). Diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease: clinical, paraclinical, imaging, and laparoscopy criteria. CNGOF and SPILF pelvic inflammatory diseases guidelines. Gynecologie, Obstetrique, Fertilite & Senologie, 47(5), 404-408. DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2019.03.010  

Chen, J., & Zeng, R. (2020). Frequency, Urgency, and Dysuria. In Handbook of Clinical Diagnostics (pp. 75-76). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7677-1_24 

Johnson, J. R., & Russo, T. A. (2018). Acute pyelonephritis in adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 378(1), 48-59. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmx180009 

Kim, W. B., Lee, S. W., Lee, K. W., Kim, J. M., Kim, Y. H., & Kim, M. E. (2019). How Women Evaluate Syndromic Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections. Urogenital Tract Infection, 14(2), 46-54. https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2019.14.2.46 

Paladine, H. L., & Desai, U. A. (2018). Vaginitis: diagnosis and treatment. American family physician, 97(5), 321-329. PMID: 29671516 

Sample Answer 2 for NURS 6512 LAB ASSIGNMENT: ASSESSING THE GENITALIA AND RECTUM

Genitourinary problems are among the public health concerns globally. Nurses and other healthcare providers adopt evidence-based interventions that would optimize patient outcomes in the treatment of these conditions. Subjective and objective data help nurses to formulate diagnoses and treatment plans. Therefore, this essay examines TS’s case study. TS has presented to the hospital complaining of dysuria, urgency, and frequency for the last two days. The essay focuses on topics that include additional subjective and objective information that should be obtained from the patient, if subjective and objective data supports the assessment, appropriate diagnostics, accepting or rejecting the diagnosis, and differential diagnoses to be considered for the patient.

Additional Subjective Information

Additional subjective information should be obtained from TS. Firstly, information about the character of her urine should be obtained. This includes information such as the smell and color of the urine. Bloodstained urine could indicate bladder problems while urine with a strong smell could imply that TS has a urinary tract infection. The nurse should also ask for information about the presence or absence of abnormal vaginal discharge. For instance, yellow or purulent vaginal discharge would indicate sexually transmitted infections. The character of TS’s symptoms should also be obtained. This includes seeking information on the factors that precipitate or alleviate her urinary symptoms. She should be asked about any activity that worsens or relieves her symptoms (Kaur & Kaur, 2021). The nurse should also assess her current level of pain using the pain rating scale. Pain rating could indicate the severity of her condition.

The nurse should also ask TS about her sexual habits. This includes sexual preferences and the use of protection when engaging in sexual intercourse. The information would help the nurse rule out causes such as sexually transmitted infections. Additional sexual-related information that should be obtained includes the use of contraceptives, the last menstrual period, and menstrual cycle problems. The nurse should also obtain information about any history of recurrent urinary tract infections. This would help determine if she has chronic urinary tract infections. Similarly, information about the history of sexually transmitted infections should be obtained to rule them out in her case. Information about her partner’s history of sexually transmitted infections and testing should also be obtained to rule out a risk of STD transmission. Information about TS’s social history is also needed. This includes data about smoking, dietary practices, and alcohol use (Bono et al., 2024). The nurse should also rule out the potential of heredity of TS’s problem. Information about a family history of health problems such as kidney disease or symptoms that TS has should be obtained.

Additional Objective Information

Additional objective information should be obtained in TS’s case to guide the development of an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. Firstly, the nurse should provide information about TS’s general appearance. Information such as her overall grooming, weight changes, presence or absence of chills or fatigue should be included in the objective portion. Abdominal assessment should provide information about the presence or absence of organomegaly, or abnormal pulsations. The case study should also provide detailed information about urine description (Bono et al., 2024). This includes urine color, smell, and the presence or absence of pus or blood in the urine.

The nurse should also provide information about the assessment of the genitourinary system. Information such as the presence or absence of vaginal discharge, lesions, or trauma should be documented to rule out causes such as sexually transmitted infections and intimate partner violence. The nurse should also assess TS’s level of pain. She should use a pain rating scale to determine the severity of her pain and prioritize the treatment plan accordingly (Boon et al., 2021). Pain assessment should also include TS’s experiences of pain on abdominal palpation.

If the Assessment is Supported by Subjective and Objective Information

Subjective and objective information support TS’s assessment. Nurses obtain subjective information by asking patients questions that relate to their health problems and different body systems. The subjective data helps the nurse determine the severity of a health problem and its impact on the client’s health and overall well-being. TS’s case study has subjective information. They include her chief complaints, history of her presenting illness, surgical history, past medical history, medication use, allergies, and social history. Nurses obtain objective data from their patients by using methods such as inspection, palpation, auscultation, and percussion. The objective data validates subjective claims by the patient. The case study has objective information. They include TS’s vital signs, abdominal assessment, and diagnostics ordered.

Appropriate Diagnostics for the Case

Some diagnostic and laboratory investigations should be ordered in TS’s case study to guide develop an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. Firstly, a urinalysis test should be performed to rule out urinary tract infections. A diagnosis of urinary tract infection will be made should her urine test reveal the presence of leucocytes and nitrites. The presence of proteins in urine will indicate cardiovascular problems such as hypertension while the presence of glucose would imply that TS has diabetes. The presence of ketones will indicate the possibility of dehydration. TS should also be tested for sexually transmitted infections. Blood tests, vaginal swabs, and urine samples should be taken to rule out sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea and chlamydia infections. An abdominal CT scan should also be performed to rule out causes such as kidney stones. MRI might also be needed to rule out kidney stones and other renal pathologies that could be associated with TS’s problems (Kaur & Kaur, 2021). Lastly, cervical screening for cervical cancer should be done. Cervical screening would also help rule out other causes such as vaginosis in TS’s case.

Accepting or Rejecting Current Diagnosis Differential Diagnoses

I would accept the current diagnosis. TS’s complaints align with those seen in patients with urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted infections. Often, patients with these conditions experience dysuria, urgency, frequency, and fever, which are present in TS’s case (Bono et al., 2024). Therefore, additional diagnostic and laboratory tests will help determine if TS is suffering from STDs or UTIs. TS’s history of engaging in unprotected sex with her new partner makes STDs among the probable diagnoses to be considered.

One of the differential diagnoses that should be considered for TS is perinephric abscess. Perinephric access is a condition that develops from the spread of infections from other regions of the genitourinary tract to the kidneys (Okafor & Onyeaso, 2024). The infections result in the development of abscesses. Patients experience symptoms that include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, flank pain, and fatigue (Adams et al., 2020). Unlike urinary tract infections or STDs, patients with perinephric abscesses might not experience symptoms such as urinary frequency or dysuria.

The other differential diagnosis that should be considered for TS is urethral syndrome. Urethral syndrome is a genitourinary condition characterized by urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and dysuria. It develops from any condition that causes urethral irritation and inflammation. The urethral syndrome can develop due to sexually transmitted infections, urinary tract infections, or the use of foods that irritate the urethra (Sell et al., 2021). A confirmed diagnosis of either UTI or STD might indicate its co-existence with urethral syndrome.

The last differential diagnosis that should be considered for TS is kidney stones. Kidney stones develop from crystal deposition in the kidneys. Factors such as dehydration, intake of diets rich in salt, and overweight or obesity predispose individuals to kidney stones. Patients experience symptoms such as severe, sharp back or flank pain, pain radiating to the groin or lower abdominal regions, and dysuria. Patients might also report passing red or brown urine, foul-smelling and cloudy urine, frequency, nausea and vomiting, chills, and fever (Thongprayoon et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2021). The absence of red or brown-colored urine and sharp pain show that kidney stones are not the cause of TS’s complaints.

Conclusion

Overall, additional subjective and objective information should be obtained in the case study. Subjective and objective data support the assessment. Additional diagnostics and laboratory investigations should be ordered to develop an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. I accept the current diagnosis based on TS’s symptoms. The three differential diagnoses that should be considered in TS’s case study include kidney stones, urethral syndrome, and perinephric abscess.

References

Adams, M., Bouzigard, R., Al-Obaidi, M., & Zangeneh, T. T. (2020). Perinephric abscess in a renal transplant recipient due to Mycoplasma hominis: Case report and review of the literature. Transplant Infectious Disease, 22(5), e13308. https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.13308

Bono, M. J., Leslie, S. W., & Reygaert, W. C. (2024). Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470195/

Boon, H. A., Bruel, A. V. den, Struyf, T., Gillemot, A., Bullens, D., & Verbakel, J. Y. (2021). Clinical Features for the Diagnosis of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Annals of Family Medicine, 19(5), 437–446. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2684

Kaur, R., & Kaur, R. (2021). Symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 97(1154), 803–812. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139090

Okafor, C. N., & Onyeaso, E. E. (2024). Perinephric Abscess. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536936/

Sell, J., Nasir, M., & Courchesne, C. (2021). Urethritis: Rapid Evidence Review. American Family Physician, 103(9), 553–558.

Thongprayoon, C., Krambeck, A. E., & Rule, A. D. (2020). Determining the true burden of kidney stone disease. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 16(12), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-020-0320-7

Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Deng, Q., & Liang, H. (2021). Recent advances on the mechanisms of kidney stone formation (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 48(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4982

NURS 6512 Lab Assignment Ethical Concerns

Lab Assignment: Ethical Concerns Case Study II 

BC is a 49-year-old woman who has been admitted to the emergency room with cardiac arrest. BC has advanced-stage cancer. She is with her husband and one of her children. Adequate health assessment data should be obtained from BC and her family members to develop an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. The nurse should obtain subjective data. This includes information about her symptoms, onset, severity, and alleviating, exacerbating, and relieving factors. The nurse should also obtain information about BC’s medical and surgical history. This includes information about any other chronic conditions apart from advanced cancer, hospitalizations, and surgeries (Giger & Haddad, 2020; Greer et al., 2020). Information about her current use of medications, allergies, and reproductive history should be obtained.  

Objective data should also be obtained from BC. This includes vital signs and a comprehensive review of all the body systems to rule out any abnormalities. The nurse will use the objective data to validate BC’s complaints. laboratory and diagnostic investigations should also be ordered. They include a complete blood count, renal and liver function tests, electrolyte levels test, a chest x-ray, and an electrocardiogram (Giger & Haddad, 2020). The diagnostic and laboratory investigations will help confirm the diagnosis and rule out differential diagnoses.  

I will respond to the case scenario by focusing on the provision of patient-centered care to BC. I will demonstrate professional behaviors such as active listening, empathy, and respecting BC’s values and preferences. I will seek her and her family’s input in the treatment decisions. I will also provide her with accurate and adequate information to aid informed decision-making. I will also ensure data privacy and confidentiality. BC’s information will only be shared after informed consent has been obtained from her (Chua et al., 2020; Gennari et al., 2021; Molina-Mula & Gallo-Estrada, 2020). I will also be a proactive member of the interprofessional teams involved in her care to ensure the delivery of high-quality, safe, and efficient care.  

References 

Chua, G. P., Pang, G. S. Y., Yee, A. C. P., Neo, P. S. H., Zhou, S., Lim, C., Wong, Y. Y., Qu, D. L., Pan, F. T., & Yang, G. M. (2020). Supporting the patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers: What are their palliative care needs? BMC Cancer, 20(1), 768. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-020-07239-9 

Gennari, A., André, F., Barrios, C. H., Cortés, J., Azambuja, E. de, DeMichele, A., Dent, R., Fenlon, D., Gligorov, J., Hurvitz, S. A., Im, S.-A., Krug, D., Kunz, W. G., Loi, S., Penault-Llorca, F., Ricke, J., Robson, M., Rugo, H. S., Saura, C., … Harbeck, N. (2021). ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for the diagnosis, staging and treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer☆. Annals of Oncology, 32(12), 1475–1495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2021.09.019 

Giger, J. N., & Haddad, L. (2020). Transcultural Nursing – E-Book: Assessment and Intervention. Elsevier Health Sciences. 

Greer, J. A., Applebaum, A. J., Jacobsen, J. C., Temel, J. S., & Jackson, V. A. (2020). Understanding and Addressing the Role of Coping in Palliative Care for Patients With Advanced Cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 38(9), 915–925. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.19.00013 

Molina-Mula, J., & Gallo-Estrada, J. (2020). Impact of Nurse-Patient Relationship on Quality of Care and Patient Autonomy in Decision-Making. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030835