NUR 550 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Project: PICOT Paper
Grand Canyon University NUR 550 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Project: PICOT Paper – Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NUR 550 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Project: PICOT Paper assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NUR 550 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Project: PICOT Paper
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NUR 550 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Project: PICOT Paper depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NUR 550 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Project: PICOT Paper
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NUR 550 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Project: PICOT Paper is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
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How to Write the Body for NUR 550 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Project: PICOT Paper
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NUR 550 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Project: PICOT Paper assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NUR 550 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Project: PICOT Paper
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NUR 550 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Project: PICOT Paper
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for NUR 550 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Project: PICOT Paper
Individuals, groups, and communities require optimal health to maximize their productivity and well-being. Due to their leading role in care provision and evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation, nurses should routinely identify practice problems and implement effective solutions. Sustaining these solutions is the foundation of high patient satisfaction, cost-effective care, and healthy clinical environments. The purpose of this paper is to describe the PICOT in terms of the population, intervention, comparison to previous practice, outcome, and time for implementing and evaluating the outcome.
Population Demographics and Health Concerns
Diverse populations face different health problems depending on multiple factors, including socioeconomic status, geographical location, education, and access to healthcare. Older adults (above 65 years) are a unique population facing many health problems due to their advanced age, declining physical strength, and a gradual loss of independence. Among many health concerns affecting older adults is type 2 diabetes. Fazeli et al. (2020) identified increasing age as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, among other issues such as being overweight and physically inactive. The impacts are profound, necessitating comprehensive, multimodal interventions to improve health outcomes. If improperly controlled, type 2 diabetes increases the risk for cardiovascular disease besides increased hospitalizations and healthcare costs (Cigolle et al., 2022; Evans et al., 2022). Other issues include significant physical impairment, which increases the risk of falls, and poor mental health.
Proposed Evidence-Based Intervention
As indicated in the PICOT (Appendix 1), the proposed intervention is a twice-weekly tailored physical exercise training program. Essential components include short physical exercises combining aerobic, flexibility, and balance training. Older adults with type 2 diabetes can exercise independently or get appropriate support from a family member, friend, or caregiver. Health equity is achieved when people have a fair and just opportunity to optimize their health potential (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022). The intervention is centered on reducing the burden of diabetes, as Healthy People 2030 envisions. This further improves older adults’ quality of life and empowers them to overcome health issues stemming from health disparities.
Comparison of Intervention to Current Research
Multiple studies have compared the effectiveness of physical exercises with other interventions like dietary practices and usual care in type 2 diabetes management among older adults. Vieira et al. (2021) found that individuals combining dietary and exercise interventions record higher improvements in physical function than in the diet-only group. The results underline the significance of physical exercises in improving physical function and independence. In a different study, Mukherji et al. (2022) evaluated the outcomes of various frequencies of weekly exercise sessions to improve diabetes control. They included usual care, a once-weekly exercise group, and a thrice-weekly group. The primary finding was a significant improvement in HbA1c levels in the thrice-weekly group. These results confirm the value of weekly exercise training and the need for more than one session.
Expected Outcome for Intervention
Physical exercises have many advantages if implemented appropriately and consistently. The primary outcome is improved functional capacity and independent living among the participants. According to Pfeifer et al. (2022), functional capacity is a critical component of physical health, enabling older adults to perform routine tasks independently and prevent common impairments associated with aging. Improved muscle strength and balance further reduce the risk of falls, a common problem among older adults. These positive outcomes imply a healthier and more productive population and a significant reduction in clinical visits among patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Time Estimated for Implementing Intervention and Evaluating Outcome
Evidence-based practice interventions can take a short time or extended periods depending on their scope, resources needed, and the target population, among other factors. As stated in the PICOT (Appendix 1), positive outcomes are expected in eight weeks, which is the implementation period. During this time, participants are expected to have completed approximately sixteen sessions of physical exercise training. Outcomes will then be evaluated from the ninth week, and findings will be analyzed in the tenth week.
Support for Population Health Management for Selected Population
Supporting health management for older adults with type 2 diabetes requires a multifaceted approach guided by population health concepts and data. Nursing science involves applying theoretical and practical knowledge to address population health problems. A suitable example is applying middle-range theories to integrate research into clinical practice. The social Determinants of Health (SDOH) application involves exploring social and economic conditions influencing type 2 diabetes among older adults. They include marginalization, access to healthcare, food environment, and education (Hill-Briggs et al., 2020). Epidemiologic data describe the occurrence of health problems in older adults. It helps healthcare providers and policymakers to understand trends and determine effective interventions. Genetic data links health problems with genetic characteristics, while genomic data is about the cellular data of an organism. These data sets are essential in understanding how internal body structure and function influence health and well-being among older adults.
Conclusion
Evidence-based practice is the foundation of improved health outcomes in healthcare facilities. Its implementation requires nurses to explore issues hampering health and propose appropriate interventions. As proposed in this paper, the weekly physical exercise intervention is expected to improve functional capacity and independence among older adults with type 2 diabetes. These outcomes predict better physical health, which helps to prevent health complications associated with advancing age. Importantly, it will help to reduce clinical visits for avoidable health issues among this population.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). What is health equity? https://www.cdc.gov/healthequity/whatis/index.html
Cigolle, C. T., Blaum, C. S., Lyu, C., Ha, J., Kabeto, M., & Zhong, J. (2022). Associations of age at diagnosis and duration of diabetes with morbidity and mortality among older adults. JAMA Network Open, 5(9), e2232766-e2232766. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.32766
Evans, M., Chandramouli, A. S., Faurby, M., Matthiessen, K. S., Mogensen, P. B., & Verma, S. (2022). Healthcare costs and hospitalizations in US patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a retrospective database study (OFFSET). Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 24(7), 1300–1309. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14703
Fazeli, P. K., Lee, H., & Steinhauser, M. L. (2020). Aging is a powerful risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus independent of body mass index. Gerontology, 66(2), 209-210. https://doi.org/10.1159/000501745
Hill-Briggs, F., Adler, N. E., Berkowitz, S. A., Chin, M. H., Gary-Webb, T. L., Navas-Acien, A., Thornton, P. L., & Haire-Joshu, D. (2020). Social determinants of health and diabetes: A Scientific Review. Diabetes Care, 44(1), 258–279. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0053
Mukherji, A. B., Lu, D., Qin, F., Hedlin, H., Johannsen, N. M., Chung, S., … & Palaniappan, L. (2022). Effectiveness of a community-based structured physical activity program for adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 5(12), e2247858-e2247858. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.47858
Pfeifer, L. O., De Nardi, A. T., da Silva, L. X. N., Botton, C. E., do Nascimento, D. M., Teodoro, J. L., … & Umpierre, D. (2022). Association between physical exercise interventions participation and functional capacity in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Sports Medicine-Open, 8(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00422-1
Vieira, E. R., Cavalcanti, F. A. D. C., Civitella, F., Hollifield, M., Caceres, S., Carreno, J., … & Queiroga, M. R. (2021). Effects of exercise and diet on body composition and physical function in older Hispanics with type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 8019. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph18158019
The health and well-being of individuals and communities depend on measures used across societies to optimize population health. A suitable quality improvement initiative for improving population health is an education program on childhood obesity prevention and management. According to Delgado et al. (2021), population health improvement focuses on the health outcomes of a group of individuals in a particular population. Therefore, improving its management is essential for better health of the entire population. Health education programs in healthcare facilities and schools are associated with positive outcomes by improving decision-making regarding dietary choices and physical activities (Smith et al., 2020; Yuksel et al., 2020). Healthcare providers’ role in their implementation is to guide the target population (children and their parents) in adopting healthy lifestyles to prevent and manage obesity. Doing so is crucial in improving health and reducing obesity-related patient visits to healthcare facilities. Importantly, it can help to shield children from the multifaceted dangers of obesity, including poor academic performance, low self-esteem, and low quality of life.
Translational research can influence the development of the initiative by guiding its implementers on translating basic science to humans, patients, and clinical practice. As Acharjee (2023) posited, translational research brings together scientists and clinicians to develop research questions, testing plans, and new interventions for improved health outcomes. The education program on childhood obesity and management requires a comprehensive plan to test its effectiveness and translate it to humans and patients. For instance, implementers should ask the right questions about its appropriateness, cost-effectiveness, and implementation time. If found feasible, the initiative can be replicated in other populations to help them prevent and manage childhood obesity. Successive improvements can also be made in future translations to ensure the dangers of childhood obesity are effectively addressed in healthcare organizations and communities.
NUR-550-RS3-EBP Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal PICOT SAMPLE
PICOT Final
Name___________________________
Complete your PICOT using your approved proposed nursing practice problem. If they were approved, you may use the population and intervention developed in your Topic 1 assignment. Include any necessary revisions in this submission. Refer to the “Example PICOT” below as needed for guidance on how to complete the PICOT.
PICOT Question | |||
P | Population | School-age children with obesity Obesity among school-age children has reached epidemic levels in the United States. De Lorenzo et al. (2019) described obesity as significant public health concern since it affects the physical, psychological, and cardiovascular health of the affected populations. Data from 2015-2016 shows that 1 in 5 children in the United States aged 6 to 19 years has obesity, and the rate has tripled since the 1970s (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018). Risk factors include poor eating habits, lack of physical activity, genetics, and negative childhood events. Therefore, immediate, evidence-based, and population-driven interventions are necessary to reduce the surging rates. | |
I | Intervention | Educating parents and children Parents can help to reduce obesity rates by modeling healthy living among children. The outcomes can be improved when children understand the risks and can actively participate in obesity prevention activities. Educating parents and children on the benefits of reducing screen time is a practical nursing intervention since its goal is to promote healthy living by keeping children free from sedentary living. Parents and children should understand the risks that too much screen time poses and the need to be more physically active. | |
C | Comparison | No education The comparison considered is no education for parents and children on the need to minimize screen time and regulation strategies. In this case, parents will apply self-taught strategies or knowledge acquired from social and mainstream media to control obesity. In this case, the difference in outcomes after educating parents and children, if any, would be primarily attributed to the nursing intervention. | |
O | Outcome | Reduced obesity rates Educating parents and children on the implications of too much screen time is expected to be the foundation of behavior change. As a nursing intervention, the education program will improve knowledge on the connection between obesity in children and screen time as a risk factor. Minimizing screen time will lead to a proportional reduction in obesity rates among children, which has become a public health concern since its trend has taken an upward trajectory in the past decade (Skinner et al., 2018). Reducing obesity rates will also improve productivity in children and reduce overall health care costs since obesity is a leading cause of psychological and cardiovascular health problems (Sanyaolu et al., 2019). The overall outcome is creating a healthy populace by reducing obesity rates among school-age children. | |
T | Timeframe | Six months It is possible to achieve the targeted outcome in six months. Parents are expected to start implementing the knowledge acquired immediately, and children are expected to change their behaviors instantly as far as screen time is concerned. | |
PICOT Create a complete PICOT statement. | In school-age children with obesity (P), can educating parents and children (I) compared to no education (C) reduce obesity rates (O) in six months (T)? | ||
Problem Statement Create a problem statement for your PICOT. You will use this problem statement throughout your final written paper.
| School-age children are a vulnerable population at high risk of obesity. A significant proportion spends a lot of time on screens watching television, gaming, and social interaction, among other ways. Increased screen time is a leading cause of obesity due to intake of too much energy and lack of physical activity (Fang et al., 2019). Obesity puts children at risk of diabetes and cardiovascular, physical, and mental health problems. The increased illness burden increases health care costs and nurses’ workload, and evidence-based interventions are necessary. | ||
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, Sep 18). Obesity. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/obesity/index.htm
De Lorenzo, A., Gratteri, S., Gualtieri, P., Cammarano, A., Bertucci, P., & Di Renzo, L. (2019). Why primary obesity is a disease?. Journal of Translational Medicine, 17(1), 1-13. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12967-019-1919-y
Fang, K., Mu, M., Liu, K., & He, Y. (2019). Screen time and childhood overweight/obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Child: Care, Health and Development, 45(5), 744-753. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12701
Sanyaolu, A., Okorie, C., Qi, X., Locke, J., & Rehman, S. (2019). Childhood and adolescent obesity in the United States: A public health concern. Global Pediatric Health, 6, 2333794X19891305. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X19891305
Skinner, A. C., Ravanbakht, S. N., Skelton, J. A., Perrin, E. M., & Armstrong, S. C. (2018). Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity in US children, 1999–2016. Pediatrics, 141(3). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3459