BHA-FPX4006 Assessment 1: Compliance Program Implementation and Ethical Decision Making
Capella University BHA-FPX4006 Assessment 1: Compliance Program Implementation and Ethical Decision Making– Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Capella University BHA-FPX4006 Assessment 1: Compliance Program Implementation and Ethical Decision Making assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for BHA-FPX4006 Assessment 1: Compliance Program Implementation and Ethical Decision Making
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Capella University BHA-FPX4006 Assessment 1: Compliance Program Implementation and Ethical Decision Making depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for BHA-FPX4006 Assessment 1: Compliance Program Implementation and Ethical Decision Making
The introduction for the Capella University BHA-FPX4006 Assessment 1: Compliance Program Implementation and Ethical Decision Making is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
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How to Write the Body for BHA-FPX4006 Assessment 1: Compliance Program Implementation and Ethical Decision Making
After the introduction, move into the main part of the BHA-FPX4006 Assessment 1: Compliance Program Implementation and Ethical Decision Making assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for BHA-FPX4006 Assessment 1: Compliance Program Implementation and Ethical Decision Making
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for BHA-FPX4006 Assessment 1: Compliance Program Implementation and Ethical Decision Making
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for BHA-FPX4006 Assessment 1: Compliance Program Implementation and Ethical Decision Making
Background
Integrating technology in healthcare led to the development of various policies aimed at protecting health data. Patient data was increasing its significance in healthcare delivery, forcing the US government to enact laws that could protect this data. This healthcare scenario will address HIPPA violations. A patient who was set to undergo a surgical procedure at Villa Health Clinic did not sign a written consent at the time of the surgery. Following this delay, the insurance provider did not receive a copy of the consent, as the law states. However, the clinic employee provided the insurer with the necessary information regarding the patient. Despite explaining the issue to the insurance provider, the provider called the supervisor to report the issue as a HIPPA violation.
Problem Summary: Privacy Breach—HIPAA Violation
| Briefly Explain the Law, Regulation, Standard, et cetera* | Briefly Explain How the Law, Regulation, Standard, et cetera Applies to the Privacy Breach/HIPAA Violation | |
| Applicable Law(s) | Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH) act dealing with the online sharing of patient data (Chen & Benusa, 2017). | The hospital violated this law to the point where the clinic shared the electronic medical information with the insurance provider without written patient consent. HIPPA rules and the HITECH act align with the data confidentiality of patients in health care organizations. These rules have widely been applied in the healthcare sector to improve care efficiency and enhance patient outcomes through better decision support systems. |
| Applicable Specific Regulation(s) | Two major regulations violated in this scenario were 45FR164.504 and 164.506. These regulations state that healthcare organizations do not have the authority to share medical information with the plan sponsor without written consent from the patient (Moore & Frye, 2020). | The act of sharing the medical information of the mentioned patient without written consent violated these regulations. As noted earlier, HIPPA rules are critical for ensuring that patients’ medical records are safe, accurate, and transparent. Various key information is also needed for the database to attain the utmost security. Accessing client medical data require authorized personnel as it will increase information security on the health data. However, in this case, surgical data was shared without the patient’s written consent. |
| Disclosure | HIPPA regulations hold that it is illegal to disclose private patient information without their consent in written form (Moore & Frye, 2020). | Critical patient information includes imaging reports, laboratory results, social security numbers, immunization history, vital signs, past and current medications, past medical and surgical history, current medical issues, and patient demographics. In this case, the clinic employee shared the information without gaining written consent from the patient. This is violating HIPPA privacy rules. |
| Applicable Human Resource Law(s) | The employees at Villa Heath are part health data security system and are responsible for observing the HIPPA regulations. The law prohibits healthcare employees from unauthorized sharing of patient information (Chen & Benusa, 2017). | This law was violated to the point that the employee shared information without gaining the patient’s consent. This appeared like a violation of the privacy rights of the patient. The cultural difference among employees might affect HIPPA policies as some employees would not adhere to the new policy ratified in the organization. The reception of the message on the limitation of the data sharing protocol might send the employees feeling that the management feels the client data is not safe for them. However, educating employees on the policy must be educated before forming part of the organizational culture. |
| Applicable Industry Accrediting Body Standards | HIPPA violation rules apply in this scenario (Chen & Benusa, 2017). | The employee breached HIPPA regulations by sharing the patient information without gaining their consent. This action violated the privacy rights of the patient. |
Seven Essential Elements of an Effective Compliance Program
| Number | Element of an Effective Compliance Program (Federal Register)* | How Does This Element Apply to the Privacy Breach/HIPAA Violation? |
| 1. | Training and educating employees on HIPPA privacy laws (Gajwani et al., 2022). | This measure would apply to Villa health because the employee who shared the information did not have information on the regulations about sharing medical information. If the employee could have been subjected to effective training on these issues, they could not have violated the policy. The design and implementation of a system such as HIPPA policies require the collaboration and participation of every team member. Identifying relevant team members that can effectively perform designed tasks and responsibilities is vital. Since a HIPPA policy implementation needs to incorporate medical data from various departments, it is imperative to draw team members from multiple departments. In addition, it is vital to integrate various systems to offer the needed information in real-time effectively |
| 2. | Adopting an effective communication platform between supervisors and employees in the clinic (Gajwani et al., 2022). | At Villa Health, the process of sharing medical information with the insurance provided is unclear, and employees seem to lack an understanding of the entire process. If the clinic had a better line of communication regarding such issues, the employees would not have shared the medical information without the employee’s consent. |
| 3. | Tasking compliance officers and compliance committee on such issues (Gajwani et al., 2022). | The compliance officer and the committee will prevent Villa Health from facing such issues as they will be investigating all the situations and ensuring that they align with the required health policies in healthcare. |
| 4. | Writing policies, standards of conducts, and procedures for access by employees at any time (Gajwani et al., 2022). | This procedure would allow employees to remind themselves of the healthcare policies, including the recent changes in HIPPA regulations. Villa Health employees would remain updated on the policies which would limit such violations within the clinic. |
| 5. | Developing a quick response to any form of offense at the clinic and undertaking a fast and corrective actions (Gajwani et al., 2022). | This applies to the presented case at Villa Health because the committee with increased its speed in correcting problems before they affect the normal operation of the clinic. |
| 6. | Effective internal auditing and monitoring (Gajwani et al., 2022). | The internal auditing and monitoring process would allow Villa health to examine the breach’s impact and develop measures that would limit the clinic from facing such violations. |
| 7. | Implementing standards by developing disciplinary guidelines that each employee would have the chance to read (Gajwani et al., 2022). | This would apply to the Villa Health breach because the human resource department and the legal team will be working in unity to identify the breach’s impact and promote learning among employees of such cases. |
Privacy Breach Consequences
| Covered Entity | Legal penalty (ies)* | Additional Consequences |
| Individual Leader Within Health Care Organization | The employee responsible for the violation will face the punishment of the Tier A penalties. This would include a fine of $100 on each violation (Heath et al., 2021). | Villa Health’s supervisory team would subject the employee to additional training and place the employee on probation for one month or give a warning letter regarding her conduct. |
| Other Internal Health Care Organization Stakeholders | The compliance officer would as well face the legal penalty for not offering the required training and cross-examining the conduct of the employees at the clinic. This would be treated as an act of negligence that might attract Tier A or Tier B penalties (Heath et al., 2021). | The compliance may receive a warning letter or be sent to probation for failing to perform their duties effectively within the clinic. They would be required to provide additional training to employees to limit such breaches from happening in the future. |
| Health Care Organization | The organization will receive a Tier C penalty as they were in a position to prevent the breach but did not act in a positive manner to stop the breach from taking place. This penalty would include $10,000 fine on all incidents cited at the company (Heath et al., 2021). | The organization will have to compensate the patient for the breach of their medical information. The organization may as well support the idea of additional training for all employees to limit new and existing employees from violating these rules. |
Also Read
NURS FPX 4030 Assessment 2 Determining the Credibility of Evidence and Resources
Evidence-Based Recommendations
| Number | Evidence-Based Recommendation | Additional Insights/Salient Points | Source(s)* |
| 1. | Conducting the gap analysis in HIPPA laws | Undeniably, HIPPA rules have been changing more often, thus calling for the organization and employees to remain updated on the new HIPPA laws. This analysis would be essential in comparing the current practices with the OCR audit procedures. The analysis would as well highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. The analysis of the strengths would trigger the development of effective measures to reduce the weaknesses. | (Stuart, 2019) |
| 2. | Offering fresher courses to employees concerning patient information protection and privacy. | This process would assume that all the employees do not have information on patient information protection and privacy. Thus, we would be offering a fresher course to all employees and ensuring such issues do not happen in the future. Besides, it would limit employees from becoming the sources of data breaches at the institution. | (Stuart, 2019) |
| 3. | The compliance committee should investigate the breach widely. | Effective analysis of this issue would allow the committee to identify the genesis of the problem and solve the problem from its primary cause. For instance, if inadequate training was the main cause, then the committee would treat training as a main solution method that would limit the clinic from facing such issues in the future. | (Stuart, 2019) |
| 4. | The clinic should work with the office of civil rights (OCR) | Working closely with OCR will allow the healthcare professionals and patients to understand their rights and privacies concerning personal health information. | (Stuart, 2019) |
| 5. | Developing a culture of constant information sharing. | An effective information sharing process would be important at the clinic as it would not allow employees to act on their own decisions but consult with other professionals to ensure an effective solution to any ethical issue at the clinic. | (Stuart, 2019) |
Ethical Decision-Making Framework for Health Care Leaders
| Number | Ethical Decision-Making Step* | Apply the Ethical Decision-Making Step to the Privacy Breach/HIPAA Violation |
| 1. | Conducting a background check on the breach (Nelson, 2017). | Commencing an effective analysis of the situation will heighten the understanding of professionals from diverse perspectives. The analysis would determine whether the employee was aware of the HIPPA violation they committed or not. |
| 2. | Identification of the ethical issue or question (Nelson, 2017). | The ethical issue under question is that the medical information of the patient was shared with the insurance provider without written consent, thus violating their privacy rights. |
| 3. | Think about the related ethical principles (Nelson, 2017). | The ethical principle is on the violation of HIPPA privacy standards. In this case, the information about the surgical procedure on the patient remains private information that could not be shared without the patient’s written consent. |
| 4. | Determine effective means of responding to the situation (Nelson, 2017). | The case presented limited options for both the organization and the patient. While the law would act on the employee’s actions, the clinic would as well face a portion of the fines. The discussion, in this case, would align with the fine each party would receive concerning the case. |
| 5. | Recommending the response on the issue (Nelson, 2017). | While the clinic could plead with the patient to stop the legal actions, the best practice would be to offer additional training to employees to reduce such cases in the future. Besides, giving warnings and suspensions would be other options to be considered in this case. |
| 6. | Focus on future ethical conflicts (Nelson, 2017). | Effective training on health professionals would be significant in reducing such occurrences in the future. The training would equip the employees with the recent skills on HIPPA rules and regulations. |
https://ache.org/abt_ache/EthicsToolkit/JA15_ethic_reprint.pdf
Conclusion
Dealing with private patient information requires strict adherence to HIPPA standards. Observing these guidelines would reduce the chances of the employees and the organization facing legal actions. The fines regarding HIPPA violations are heavy and might affect the financial position of healthcare organizations. These HIPPA regulations are in place to protect patient privacy, and it’s the role of healthcare institutions to adhere to these standards. This incident at Villa Health should undergo practical analysis and investigation to determine its occurrence and the factors that lead to its occurrence. Practical training should then be offered to all employees to ensure that such cases do not feature in the institution again. Besides, undertaking the need analysis at the institution would be necessary in identifying the urgent needs of employees. The analysis would be important in solving issues affecting the company from the source of the problems.
References
Chen, J. Q., & Benusa, A. (2017). HIPAA security compliance challenges: The case for small healthcare providers. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 10(2), 135-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2016.1270875
Gajwani, A., Shah, A., Patil, R., Gucer, D., & Osier, N. (2022). Training undergraduate students in HIPAA compliance. Accountability in Research, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2022.2037428
Heath, M., Porter, T. H., & Silvera, G. (2021). Hospital characteristics associated with HIPAA breaches. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2020.1870349
Moore, W., & Frye, S. (2020). Review of HIPAA, part 2: limitations, rights, violations, and role for the imaging technologist. Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology, 48(1), 17-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.119.227827
Nelson, W. (2017). Making Ethical Decisions. Healthcare Management Ethics. ISSN/ISBN: 0883-5381
Stuart, L. (2019). Guidance for Psychologists on HIPAA Breach Notification Rule. PsycEXTRA Dataset.
Sample Answer 2 for BHA-FPX4006 Assessment 1: Compliance Program Implementation and Ethical Decision Making
Health care managers and leaders are must be familiar with laws, regulations, and the associated organizational policies and procedures that reinforce compliance. Fraud and abuse are just one example of a critical compliance area in health care administration (Stowell et al., 2020). While the issue of fraud and abuse is a complicated statutory theme, the government has availed enough resources to enhance comprehension of laws, regulations, and steps to take when suspected or actual incidents occur. The essay aims to write a workplace brief of evidence-based recommendations to identify and address upcoding, an incorrect health care billing practice. It will include a description of the major categories of health care fraud and abuse and the laws designed to address the
Major Categories of Health Care Fraud and Abuse
Category of Health Care Fraud and Abuse | Description of Category and Example from Authoritative Source* |
Billing for services not rendered.
| Audit and overpayment recoupment refer to billing for services not rendered, which comprise an overpayment that becomes debt providers owe to the federal government. It is an act of fraud punishable by law (Hoover et al., 2020)
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Use of unlicensed staff | Unlicensed staff or personnel refers to a person other than a physical therapist or physical therapist assistant who performs patient-related tasks consistent with the unlicensed personnel’s education, training, and expertise under the direct on−premises supervision of the physical therapist (Borson, 2022). Therefore, practicing without a license is the Act of working without the licensure offered for that profession in a particular jurisdiction. It is against the law to practice or use unlicensed personnel to undertake activities that require licensure. Such actions are retrogressive to the law and hence have penalties for practicing without a valid license.
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Altering medical records.
| Changing medical data implies tampering with the evidence. Such proof will destroy the defendant’s integrity before a jury and leave the strong impression that they are trying to conceal the truth. Evidence showing that a record has been altered can force the settlement of an otherwise defensible case (Elsayed, 2020). |
Drug diversion
| Drug diversion is the criminal dissemination or abuse of prescription drugs or their use for purposes not intended by the prescriber. Prescription drug diversion may occur as prescription drugs are distributed from the manufacturer to wholesale distributors, pharmacies, or the patient (Ford & Grape, 2019) |
Kickbacks and bribery.
| A bribe is an Act or practice of giving or receiving something of value to corruptly influence the actions of another, most commonly to influence a contract award or the execution of a contract (Ford & Grape, 2019). On the other hand, a kickback is a bribe paid incrementally by the contractor as it is paid, usually an agreed percentage of the contract. In the health care setting, for example, when a physician or medical provider uses any payment or compensation to encourage a patient to come to their office or to promote another medical provider to refer patients to their office or facility. |
Billing Practice Known as Upcoding
| Upcoding is a category of fraud where healthcare providers submit incorrect billing codes to insurance institutions to receive inflated reimbursements. The most substantial impact of Upcoding is the increased cost to health payers—which they extrapolate on to consumers (Milcent, 2021). When government payers end up paying excessive money for health care, this is reflected in taxes and governments’ budgets.
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Five Health Care Fraud and Abuse Laws
Number | Health Care Fraud and Abuse Law | Description of Law | Rationale: How Does This Law Apply to Health Care? |
1. | The False Claims Act (F.C.A.), | The False Claims Act is the federal law that imposes liability on persons and companies who defraud governmental programs. It is the federal government’s primary litigation tool in combating fraud against the government. The F.C.A. provides that any person who knowingly submitted false claims to the government is liable for a treble of the government’s damages plus a penalty proportional to inflation for each committed false claim (Milcent, 2021). The Act allows the government to pursue the violators and perpetrators of fraud on its own. In addition, the F.C.A. act enables the public to file suits on behalf of the government –qui tam suits- against those who have defrauded the government. Private individuals or those who successfully bring qui tam actions may receive a percentage of the government’s recovery. | The False Claims Act applies to health care by prohibiting workers from submitting fraudulent claims. In other words, healthcare practices must not bill the government for things they did not do (Milcent, 2021). |
2. | The Civil Monetary Penalties Law (CMPL). | The Civil Money Penalties Law (CMPL) authorizes the Secretary of Health and Human Services to impose civil money penalties, an assessment, and program exclusion for various forms of fraud and abuse involving the Medicare and Medicaid programs. | The law imposes civil money penalties, an assessment, and program exclusion for various forms of fraud and abuse involving the Medicare and Medicaid programs. |
3. | The Exclusion Authorities law (E.A.) | The law mandates the inspector general’s office to exclude individuals and institutions from federally funded healthcare programs. This is according to section 1128 of the Social Security Act; similarly, it excludes persons and entities from Medicare and State healthcare programs under section 1156 and maintains a list of all currently excluded individuals and institutions. | The law applies to health care by aiding in curbing and excluding rogue and corrupt individuals and entities from continuing to benefit from the Medicare programs. |
4. | The Physician Self-Referral Law (Stark law), | The Physician Self-Referral Law prohibits physicians from making referrals of patients to receive delegated health services payable by Medicare or Medicaid from institutions with which the healthcare provider or a nuclear family has a financial connection unless an exception applies (Kanter& Pauly, 2019).
| The Physician Self-Referral Law prohibits health care providers from referring patients to receive assigned health services that are supposed to be paid by Medicare or Medicaid from entities with which the health care provider or an immediate family member has a financial connection (Kanter& Pauly, 2019).
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5. | The Anti-Kickback Statute (A.K.S.), | The federal Anti-Kickback Statute (A.K.S.) is a criminal statute that prohibits the exchange or offers of anything of value to compromise, induce or reward the referral of business reimbursable by federal health care programs(Kanter& Pauly, 2019). . | The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (C.M.S.) claims that kickbacks have led to overutilization and increased costs of healthcare services, corruption of medical decision-making, steering patients away from good services or therapies, and unfair, non-competitive service delivery (Kanter& Pauly, 2019). Therefore, the law aids in cube increased cost of healthcare services and corruption of medical decision making, steering patients away from good health services. |
Upcoding and the Law
Law Pertaining to Upcoding | Explanation of Upcoding | Case Example of Upcoding |
18 U.S.C. § 1347- The criminal healthcare fraud statute. This statute makes healthcare fraud, such as upcoding, a criminal offense. This statute imposes hefty punishment for the crime.
| Upcoding is when a provider assigns an incorrect billing code to a medical procedure or treatment to increase reimbursement. Medicare abuse exposes providers to criminal and civil liability. Furthermore, the program integrity comprises a range of activities targeting various causes of improper payments.
| An example of upcoding is when a physician provides a follow-up office visit or follow-up inpatient consultation but bills a higher level E&M code as if they had provided a comprehensive new patient office visit or an initial inpatient consultation.
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Evidence-Based Recommendations to Address Upcoding
Recommendation* | Source |
It is recommended that the best option and the only way to identify an Upcoding impasse is to collect and compare data on the E/M coding and billing. It is best to begin by aggregating all of the data for a given period, for instance, starting with data for the past few months from the system into a report, provider by provider. | (Bastani et al., 2019)
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In detecting Upcoding or down coding, an individual must be conversant with the billing or fee schedule and be able to compare those to the amount mentioned on the E/M or the E.O.B. forms. In addition, the person must be familiar with the NCCI edits and mutually exclusive elements.
| (Cook & Averett, 2020).
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It is an issue of individual integrity; thus, individuals must make it a personal duty to ensure patient information is correct and aligned adequately with data and avoid Upcoding.
| (Mackey et al ., 2020) |
It is also recommended to utilize the current Medical coding manual to avoid billing duplication. In addition, there is a need to verify insurance benefits and coverage in Advance. | (Teng et al., 2020)
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If an individual is not knowledgeable about how health billing is done, it is recommended that the entity or individual hire a professional medical biller. We also recommend Improvement medical billing and coding systems with Coronis Health. | (Sonawala, 2019).
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References
Bastani, H., Goh, J., & Bayati, M. (2019). Evidence of Upcoding in pay-for-performance programs. Management Science, 65(3), 1042-1060. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2996
Cook, A., & Averett, S. (2020). Do hospitals respond to changing incentive structures? Evidence from Medicare’s 2007 DRG restructuring. Journal of Health Economics, 73, 102319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2020.102319
Elsayed, D. E. M. (2020). Fraud and misconduct in publishing medical research. Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences (SJMS). https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v15i2.6693
Ford, C., & Grape, R. (2019). The Role of Data in Mitigating Drug Diversion. Drug Topics, 163(5), 9-10. http://www.drugtopics.com/
Hoover, N. D., Turner, R. B., Sampson, J., Pye, T., & Hotan, T. (2020). Financial sustainability of an Oregon rural health, primary care, and pharmacist-run comprehensive medication management program through direct medical billing. Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy, 26(1), 30-34. https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2020.26.1.30
Kanter, G. P., & Pauly, M. V. (2019). Coordination of care or conflict of interest? Exempting ACOs from the Stark Law. N Engl J Med, 380(5), 410-411.
Mackey, T. K., Miyachi, K., Fung, D., Qian, S., & Short, J. (2020). Combating health care fraud and abuse: conceptualization and prototyping study of a blockchain antifraud framework. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(9), e18623. https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/18623?__hstc=102212634.8112e46f7e0d4a858505ac42912ee601.1654965091476.1654965091476.1654965091476.1&__hssc=102212634.1.1654965091477&__hsfp=1295907224
Milcent, C. (2021). From downcoding to upcoding: DRG based payment in hospitals. International Journal of Health Economics and Management, 21(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10754-020-09287-x
Sonawala, K. M. (2019). KMSonawala Mobile Heart Care Clinic: An Initiative to Provide Mobile Vehicle Heart Care to Patients in the Los Angeles County and Orange County Cities and Census-Designated Places (CDPs), with Emphasis on Treating Patients Who Identify as Asian Indians. California State University, Long Beach.
Stowell, N. F., Pacini, C., Wadlinger, N., Crain, J. M., & Schmidt, M. (2020). Investigating Healthcare Fraud: Its Scope, Applicable Laws, and Regulations. William & Mary Business Law Review, 11(2), 479. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmblr/vol11/iss2/5
Teng, F., Ma, Z., Chen, J., Xiao, M., & Huang, L. (2020). Automatic medical code assignment via deep learning approach for intelligent healthcare. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, 24(9), 2506-2515. https://doi.org/10.1109/JBHI.2020.2996937