DNP 801 Explain the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance

Grand Canyon University DNP 801 Explain the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University DNP 801 Explain the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for DNP 801 Explain the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance                           

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University DNP 801 Explain the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for DNP 801 Explain the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance                         

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University DNP 801 Explain the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for DNP 801 Explain the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance                         

After the introduction, move into the main part of the DNP 801 Explain the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for DNP 801 Explain the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance                         

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for DNP 801 Explain the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance                           

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for DNP 801 Explain the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance

Re: Topic 5 DQ 2

Evidence-based practices and research in the medical field have provided enormous information that can be applied in clinical practice. However, it is important to understand the differences between statistical and clinical significance since they are important aspects in the clinical field, application of evidence-based research, as well as clinical projects. Therefore, Sharma, (2021) explains that the main difference between clinical and statistical significance is that clinical significance observes dissimilarity between two groups or two treatment modalities while statistical significance on the other hand shows whether there is any mathematical significance to the carried analysis of the results or not.

Additionally, Alsoufi, (2018) adds that statistically significant results do not necessarily mean that the results are clinically relevant because many outcomes can be statistically significant but not clinically relevant. An example of clinical significance can be explained using two different chemotherapy agents for cancer whereby drug A is less expensive as compared to the usual chemotherapy agents and it increases the survival of treated patients by five years while drug B is more expensive than the usual chemotherapy drugs and increases the survival of the treated patient five months. Drug A is considered to be clinically significant because it increases the patients’ survival by five years and it is inexpensive while the statistical significance is the difference in values recorded in analysis when differentiating the years and months of patient survival.

Statistical and clinical significance is very important and can be applied in clinical practice to improve service quality. Clinically significant research outcomes are considered to be clinically viable and can be implemented in healthcare facilities to improve the quality of healthcare services thus improving patient outcomes (Polit, 2017). From the example provided earlier in comparing the effectiveness of drugs A and B, drug A can be used in healthcare facilities in the treatment cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy thus improving their survival by five years.

References

Alsoufi, B. (2018). Statistical versus clinical significance. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 155(1), 344-345.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.08.108

Polit, D. F. (2017). Clinical significance in nursing research: A discussion and descriptive analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 73, 17-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.05.002

Sharma H. (2021). Statistical significance or clinical significance? A researcher’s dilemma for appropriate interpretation of research results. Saudi journal of anaesthesia, 15(4), 431–434. https://doi.org/10.4103/sja.sja_158_21

Sample Answer 2 for DNP 801 Explain the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance

Clinical significance is the importance of the research findings. How will it affect the clinical care being provided or how will it affect the clinical decision that needs to be made for care? While statistical significance is the knowledge that the results were based on facts and the interventions performed and not by chance or an accident that happened (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2018).  The extent to which random errors in a study will affect it, is reported by using the statistical significance which is represented by p values (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). When the clinical and statistical significance of a study is not understood, it can lead to misleading reports of the study results and the effects of the study. For instance, with clinical significance, if a study does not randomly assign participants to a particular group, there is a possibility that a lot of sick people could be on one group by chance and that will affect the results of the study (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2018).

On the other hand, the statistical significance which is used to determine fact or chance, accepts or rejects the hypothesis, that is, what the author believes will happen. For instance, when an author compares two groups stating that the administration of pain medication to the intervention group and a placebo to the control group, stating that the medication will make a difference. The null hypothesis will be that it will not make a difference. Hence, the p value is used to determine the statistical significance. When the p value is small with large samples, it can lead to the study being reported as statistically significant but clinically insignificant while large p values with small sample sizes can be clinically significant and reported as statistically insignificant (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2018).

When a study is clinically significant, it helps to improve the medical, physical, emotional and social aspects of care for a patient. It includes both the objective effects such as function, the duration of the illness and how long life is prolonged and the subjective effects refers to the improvement in their attitude, mood, and wellbeing, decrease in pain and increased comfort. Even though statistical significance does not mean clinical significance but it leads to the improvement in the care of the patient, therefore, in a DPI project, researchers and clinicians should not discount either but should pay attention to both to improve the outcome for the patient to decrease the chances of reporting a biased study (Sharma, 2021).

References:

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice. LWW.

Sharma, H. (2021). Statistical significance or clinical significance? A researcher’s dilemma for appropriate interpretation of research results. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia, 15(4), 431.

https://doi.org/10.4103/sja.sja_158_21

DNP 801 Topic 6 DQ 1 Sample Answer

Research is one of the efforts used to continue to promote the excellence of science and in practicing science. Some experts came together and have created guidelines for research publications, systematic reviews, and quality improvement projects. One of such groups is called Enhancing the quality and Transparency of Health Research Network (EQUATOR) (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). This group provides a repository and clearing for using guidelines when reporting. It improves and maintains the reliability of any published health care research work and provides the transparency and accuracy or reporting information and encouraging a wider use of the guidelines which helps to show the strength of the evidence (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). Literature review studies are very essential for any research work. It helps to present a total picture or scope of ideas of topics, methods, theories and synthesis of previous studies to increase knowledge and gives insight on how to develop studies (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2018), (Loura, Bernardes, Baixinho, Henriques, Félix, & Guerreiro, 2022). Literature review helps researchers to search out relevant articles, retrieve and review them, analyze and integrate all the information from all the studies to present new information to implement in nursing knowledge and practice. Also, literature review of various studies helps with increased knowledge of effective decision making for clinical practices (Mohammadreza, Nasrullah, Najmeh, & Abdulghani, 2021). In recent times, literature reviews are regarded as a research method which follows a specific method or guidelines for conducting research that every researcher follows. It increases knowledge in any field when analyzing and critiquing materials which is different when compared to the previous traditional methods that were ad hoc, did not follow particular methods and often times were not thorough and lacked rigor and often generated questions about the validity and reliability of the research (Snyder, (2019).   

There are different reasons for a literature review. One of such reasons is for the researcher to evaluate certain theories or evidence in a particular field. It can also be used to provide and overview of a research problem and identify the gaps in knowledge. It can also be used to develop theories, of building new conceptual theories or when used as a road map to research in a specific field.  (Snyder, (2019).  Therefore, researchers need to be able to critically evaluate reports to make sure the results are valid, reliable and applicable to nursing practice and hence replicable across board. Where scientific methods followed to maintain the validity of the research. This must be established before the results can be looked at. Qualitative research involves the use of statistical methods to analyze the research by determining the size of the research. Did it involve all aspects of a whole population or just some groups? The total number of sample size reported should equal the number of participants in the study to avoid attrition (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2018).  

The strength (i.e., level of evidence) and quality of an evidenced research article helps to guide research and promote its practicality and applicability for clinical practice. Hence, most research studies are based on different levels of evidence and different research designs. In addition to the levels of evidence, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ, 2002), in Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt (2018) text, states that for any level of evidence to portray strength, it needs to show quality, quantity and consistency in research (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). This will help to support my research or any research when the researcher follows the guidelines that have been established for any reputable research that will be published. 

References: 

Loura, D. D., Bernardes, R. A., Baixinho, C. L., Henriques, H. R., Félix, I. B., & Guerreiro, M. P. (2022). Nursing students’ learning from involvement in research projects: An integrative literature review. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 75(1). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0053 

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice. LWW. 

Mohammadreza, F., Nasrullah, A. Najmeh, A., & Abdulghani, A. (2021). Different types of review studies and their role in promoting nursing knowledge: A narrative review. Journal of Diabetic Nursing, 9(1), 1339-1355. 

Loura, D. D., Bernardes, R. A., Baixinho, C. L., Henriques, H. R., Félix, I. B., & Guerreiro, M. P. (2022). Nursing students’ learning from involvement in research projects: An integrative literature review. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 75(1). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0053 

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039