DNP 810 Family History

Grand Canyon University DNP 810 Family History– Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University DNP 810 Family History  assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for DNP 810 Family History     

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NUR 550 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Project: Literature Review depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for DNP 810 Family History     

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University DNP 810 Family History  is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for DNP 810 Family History     

After the introduction, move into the main part of the DNP 810 Family History assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for DNP 810 Family History     

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for DNP 810 Family History     

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for DNP 810 Family History

Family health assessment is significant in understanding some of the genetically underlying infections running through the family. The similarity in genes and ability to define conditions of people within a family has gained a significant amount of research in the healthcare setting (Padmanabhan et al., 2019). The healthcare system relies on the family history of a patient to understand the infection and determine the best treatment approach. An adequate analysis of the family health history has been important in providing quality care. “My Family Health Portrait” has played a significant role in allowing me to understand the family health history. This assignment aims to discuss hereditary patterns risk of transmission to new facility members and propose the feasibility of using this tool in my practice.

Hereditary Patterns

The disease running through my family history is hypertension. My grandfather died of hypertension, and two of my uncles have been diagnosed with the condition. The disease seems to be affecting various family members in different ways. my sister’s daughter has also been diagnosed with hypertension. While some of the family members are safe and do not suffer from the infection, they are more likely to be carriers of these genes (Rhodes et al., 2019). Most family members diagnosed with the disease do not reach later ages as they succumb to this condition.

Moreover, the last-born daughter of my younger brother was diagnosed with the condition in her adolescence. Hypertension increases its severity as one grows old. However, it also affects children during their adolescents, which is a rare condition that was experienced within the family. The passage of this gene from parents to offspring has been evident within the family. Many family members in our lineage suffer from hypertension, signifying that our generation carried this gene disorder from our grandparents (Padmanabhan et al., 2019). Again, it is evident that our grandfather was the main sufferer of this condition and might have gotten the disease from another person along with their genes. Currently, the number of children born with hypertension is on the rise, calling for intervention measures that would save our future children’s lives from suffering the condition.

Risk of Transformation

One of the main risks that lead to the development of this condition is overweight, which is a similar gene running through the family. My grandfather and uncles were overweight, which increased their risk of suffering from this infection. The complications that led to my grandfather’s demise were poor eating habits and uncontrolled weight resulting in increased blood pressure. Many family members who understood that hypertension was a common problem in the family history were keen on living healthy to reduce the risk of attracting the disease at a later age (Rhodes et al., 2019). My younger brother’s daughter is obese and was recently diagnosed with hypertension at the adolescent stage. This unveiling of conditions within the family signifies that increased weight is a risk factor for this condition within my family.

A father or a mother carrying the hypertension gene disorder would also portray a high chance of offspring suffering from the disease. The parent would pass the disease to the child, where the child could either be a carrier or sufferer. Children who are not sufferers would have an increased possibility of siring offspring with the condition (Rhodes et al., 2019). The increased spread of the condition in my family comes from genetics. For instance, parents pass the genes to their offspring, who become carriers of sufferers. Hypertension would still run through the blood of my family members unless effective measures are taken to reduce the risk of this disease in the family.

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Feasibility of using My Family Health Portrait in Nursing

A family health portrait is important in understanding the family health history and developing an effective approach to a condition running through the family. While it might be challenging to treat those who already suffer from the infection, other members of the family could have adequate nursing advice on effective ways to stop the cycle. A family that understands the family health condition would be sure about the future of children and take effective measures to improve the quality of health in their families (Kwiatkowska et al., 2020). Parents have the role of protecting their children’s health and such information would allow the nurse to advise on the effective means that parents could use to protect their future children.

Families with children suffering from hypertension would require frequent hospital visits and treatments that would affect the family’s financial position. However, families suffering from genetic health conditions could understand effective management of these conditions when the information is known early enough. For instance, a regular check-up with a constant examination of the condition would aid parents in monitoring the growth of a child with a hypertension risk (Rhodes et al., 2019). The increased percentage of people dying from hypertension in the recent past proves that the disease is fatal and effective measures need to be taken early enough within the family. One of the main approaches would be to adopt a healthy life and check a healthy weight that would not increase the risk of such infections.  

Conclusion

Family health history unveils information about a particular disease running through the family. Adequate information on these diseases would imply that effective measures would be taken before the disease become fatal. Understanding the genetic makeup in a family unravels various health conditions and supports effective measures that would reduce the effect on future children.

References

Kwiatkowska, J., Zuk, M., Migdal, A., Kusa, J., Skiba, E., Zygielo, K., … & Kopec, G. (2020). Children and adolescents with pulmonary arterial hypertension: baseline and follow-up data from the Polish Registry of Pulmonary Hypertension (BNP-PL). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(6), 1717. https://jcm-09-01717.pdf

Padmanabhan, S., Aman, A., & Dominiczak, A. F. (2019). Genetic basis of blood pressure and hypertension. Manual of hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension, 51-65.

Rhodes, C. J., Batai, K., Bleda, M., Haimel, M., Southgate, L., Germain, M., … & US PAH Biobank Consortium. (2019). Genetic determinants of risk in pulmonary arterial hypertension: international genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 7(3), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30409-0

DNP 810 Week 4 Genetic Counseling Sample

Genetic Counseling 

Genetic counseling refers to a patient-centered communication process that enables individuals to understand, become accustomed, and adjust to the medical and psychosocial implications of genetic contributions to illness. Genetic counselors assess a person’s risk of a genetic-related disorder, prepare the person for genetic testing, convey the results, and assist in developing the management plan for the patient’s genetic disorder (Patch & Middleton, 2018). Besides, they prepare and support patients to communicate with their relatives at risk of a genetic condition. The purpose of this paper is to discuss about a patient case that might benefit from genetic counseling. 

Reason For The Genetic Counseling  

A 48-year-old female client is on genetic counseling based on her family health portrait findings. According to her family medical history, the patient’s mother succumbed to Breast Cancer at 70 years after battling the disease for seven years. She was diagnosed with Breast cancer at 63 years. In addition, she has two relatives from her maternal side who were diagnosed with breast cancer, one at 58 years and the other at 60 years. Her maternal grandmother died from ovarian cancer 17 years ago. The client read in a health magazine that individuals whose close relatives have a history of breast cancer have a higher risk of developing the disorder than those with no positive family history. Therefore, genetic counseling is necessary to assess the patient’s risk for breast cancer and prepare her for predictive and diagnostic screening of the disease.   

Possible Reactions The Patient May Have To the Counseling  

The client will be informed during genetic counseling that she has a high risk of developing breast cancer in her 50s based on her family history. Similarly, her siblings and children are at risk of developing the disorder. After learning about her high risk of developing breast cancer, the patient might get anxious and terrified. Consequently, she may have mixed reactions to having a genetic test due to the fear of positive results (Patch & Middleton, 2018). In addition, the patient might get drenched in sorrow when she learns that she might suffer like her mother and even have a premature death. The negative reactions can be avoided by being sensitive to the concept of the point at which the client will be most able to understand and absorb the genetic information being provided. 

Health 

Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in women after lung cancer. In the early stage, breast cancer mostly has no symptoms like breast pain or discomfort. Symptoms that should make one suspect breast cancer include breast skin changes, skin dimpling, changes in breast size or shape, blood-stained nipple discharge in a single duct, nipple inversion, and an axillary lump (Sauter, 2018). Breast cancer lowers the quality of life and results in various health complications, often in cases where cancer spreads to other body organs.  

Prevention 

Breast cancer can be prevented through lifestyle modification and eliminating modifiable risk factors for breast cancer. Obesity increases the risk of breast cancer, and thus one can lower the risk by maintaining a healthy weight through healthy dietary habits and regular physical exercises (Sauter, 2018). Reducing alcohol consumption and smoking cessation also reduces the risk of breast cancer. In addition, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a risk factor, and thus women with a family history of breast cancer should stop HRT.  

Screening 

Breast cancer is screened through mammography, which is the only available method for early detection of non-palpable breast cancer. Mammography is considered a sensitive screening method for breast cancer. It is unique based on its ability to shoe preclinical lesions like masses too small to be palpated manually (Song et al., 2019). It is important to note that traditional film mammography is progressively being replaced by digital mammography, which has the advantage of reading, filing, and transmitting mammograms electronically. Besides, studies demonstrate that digital mammography benefits females with dense breasts, like those below 50 years (Song et al., 2019). Screening is recommended in healthy women 50-74 years with no signs of breast cancer. However, it is recommended for women 40-49 years with an average risk for breast cancer.  

Diagnostics 

Diagnostics for breast cancer include imaging and laboratory tests. Imaging tests include Ultrasonography and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrasonography of the breast is mostly used as an additional test to refine findings on mammography. For example, if a mammogram shows a lesion, the ultrasonography assists in distinguishing a fluid-filled cyst from a solid mass (He et al., 2020). Besides, mammography and ultrasound are usually more effective in detecting cancers in females with dense breasts. MRI is used to visualize better suspicious areas found in a mammogram or for females with dense breasts. The MRI helps to establish the actual size of the cancerous mass and identify any other cancers in the breast. Furthermore, a breast cancer diagnosis is based on a pathologic exam of tissue from the suspected cancerous mass (He et al., 2020). Lab tests like pathologic study of the lymph nodes are used to detect if the breast cancer has metastasized.  

Prognostics 

The long-term prognosis depends on the stage of the breast tumor. The five-year survival rate in breast cancer depends on the cancer stage, with localized and regional breast cancer having the highest survival rate and metastasized having the lowest (Łukasiewicz et al., 2021). Poor prognosis in breast cancer is associated with factors like younger age (20s and 30s), race (Blacks), larger primary tumor, high-grade tumor, absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors, and presence of BRCA gene mutations.    

Selection of Treatment 

The treatment of breast cancer includes surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Treatment is selected based on the tumor and patient factors. However, surgery is increasingly being recommended, and it involves early referral to a plastic surgeon to remove the cancer tumor and reconstruct the breast (Łukasiewicz et al., 2021). Besides, breast-conserving surgery combined with radiation therapy has the advantage of having less-extensive surgery and maintaining the breasts. 

Monitoring of Treatment Effectiveness 

Patients with a history of breast cancer surgery still require mammography screening. If a person had a total mastectomy, the other breast needs annual follow-up since there is a high risk of cancer developing in the other breast. Besides, if the patient had a partial mastectomy, subcutaneous mastectomy, or lumpectomy, then the breast needs follow-up mammography (Łukasiewicz et al., 2021). The first mammogram is performed six months after surgery to offer a baseline for the new postoperative and post-radiation changes. After that, mammography can be carried out every 6-12 months for screening and follow-up. 

Conclusion 

A family history of breast cancer, especially among first-degree relatives, increases a person’s risk of developing the disease. Screening is recommended in females aged 40-49 years with an average risk of breast cancer and in healthy females 50-74 years. Mammography is the most recommended method for breast cancer screening, with digital mammography being beneficial in females with dense breasts. Treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.   

References 

He, Z., Chen, Z., Tan, M., Elingarami, S., Liu, Y., Li, T., Deng, Y., He, N., Li, S., Fu, J., & Li, W. (2020). A review on methods for diagnosis of breast cancer cells and tissues. Cell proliferation, 53(7), e12822. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpr.12822 

Łukasiewicz, S., Czeczelewski, M., Forma, A., Baj, J., Sitarz, R., & Stanisławek, A. (2021). Breast Cancer-Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification, Prognostic Markers, and Current Treatment Strategies-An Updated Review. Cancers, 13(17), 4287. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13174287 

Patch, C., & Middleton, A. (2018). Genetic counseling in the era of genomic medicine. British medical bulletin, 126(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldy008 

Sauter, E. R. (2018). Breast Cancer Prevention: Current Approaches and Future Directions. European journal of breast health, 14(2), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.5152/ejbh.2018.3978 

Song, S. Y., Park, B., Hong, S., Kim, M. J., Lee, E. H., & Jun, J. K. (2019). Comparison of Digital and Screen-Film Mammography for Breast-Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of breast cancer, 22(2), 311–325. https://doi.org/10.4048/jbc.2019.22.e24