DNP 810 Health Issues for the Aging
Grand Canyon University DNP 810 Health Issues for the Aging– Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University DNP 810 Health Issues for the Aging assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for DNP 810 Health Issues for the Aging
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NUR 550 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Project: Literature Review depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for DNP 810 Health Issues for the Aging
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University DNP 810 Health Issues for the Aging is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
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How to Write the Body for DNP 810 Health Issues for the Aging
After the introduction, move into the main part of the DNP 810 Health Issues for the Aging assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for DNP 810 Health Issues for the Aging
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for DNP 810 Health Issues for the Aging
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for DNP 810 Health Issues for the Aging
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurocognitive disorder common in the elderly and is associated with aging. It is an irreversible, gradual brain disorder that affects almost 5.1 million Americans. It progressively impairs brain function, resulting in cognitive decline, which manifests with memory loss, impaired executive function, and language difficulties. Patients with AD also have behavioral and psychiatric disorders like depression, agitation, and delusions and experience deterioration in functional status (Breijyeh & Karaman, 2020). In over 90% of persons with AD, symptoms are not usually evident until after 60 years, and the incidence of the disorder increases with age. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a solution in literature, and explore how it is incorporated into policy, barriers to implementation, and funding options.
What the Literature Suggests as a Resolution to Alzheimer’s Disease
AD is associated with adverse effects on affected persons like short-term memory loss, poor judgment, language dysfunction, impaired reasoning, visuospatial dysfunction, and challenges in managing complex tasks. The available pharmacological therapies for AD act by only slowing or reversing AD progression but do not reverse the impact of cognitive decline (Breijyeh & Karaman, 2020). The therapies previously proposed for AD treatment have mostly had disappointing outcomes. As a result, literature has suggested cognitive training as a non-pharmacological intervention to improve cognition in AD patients.
Cognitive training entails a sequence of standardized tasks like memory, attention, or problem-solving and has intrinsic challenges that target particular cognitive domains. Kang et al. (2019) established that cognitive training could benefit individuals with early AD, which is associated with positive effects in mild and moderate AD. Cognitive training benefited the general cognitive functions in the early stage of AD. Butler et al. (2018) established that cognitive training in older adults with normal cognition enhances cognitive performance in the domain trained.
Attempts to Incorporate the Solution into Public Policy
There have been attempts to integrate the cognitive training solution into public policy through the National Alzheimer’s Project Act (NAPA). On January 4, 2011, President Barack Obama signed NAPA into law. NAPA calls for the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to launch the National Alzheimer’s Project to develop and sustain an integrated national plan to address AD (ASPE, 2021). The Secretary of the HHS is also required to coordinate AD research and services across all federal agencies and speed up the development of therapies that may prevent, stop, or reverse the course of AD (ASPE, 2021). The policy is expected to enhance early diagnosis and coordination of care and treatment of AD and to improve outcomes for ethnic and racial minority populations at a higher risk for AD.
NAPA creates a vital opportunity to build upon and control HHS programs and other federal initiatives to change the course of AD. The policy requires the HHS to prioritize expanding, coordinating, and condensing programs to improve the health outcomes of AD patients and lower the financial burden of AD on patients, their families, and society (ASPE, 2021). It offers a significant opportunity to address the numerous challenges individuals with AD and their families face.
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Barriers to Implementation of the Solution
The implementation of cognitive training in AD has met various barriers that have hindered attaining the desired outcome in patients with mild and moderate AD. One of the barriers is the widespread social stigma and misconceptions associated with AD. This profoundly affects the care provided to AD patients, and individuals with mild and moderate AD tend to decline in engaging in cognitive training due to stigma (van Dam et al., 2022). In addition, the lack of adequate health professionals to conduct the cognitive training hinders many individuals who are candidates for the intervention from accessing the service. Thus, more health professionals need to be trained in providing cognitive training to increase the number of people who access the training.
Limited time is a significant barrier to implementing cognitive training, which usually requires a lot of time for training and follow-up. Besides, the workloads for mental health providers hinder them from providing cognitive training. Cognitive training is increasingly being offered through computerized cognitive interventions. Although this eases access to this service, it is a barrier since most clients are 65 years and older and are not well-versed with using healthcare technology (Bodner et al., 2020). Furthermore, cognitive improvements only occur in targeted domains, which often de-motivate clients who perceive that the cognitive training will improve all cognitive domains. The lack of motivation causes many patients to drop out of cognitive training programs.
Options Being Discussed For Public or Private Funding
Building on the NAPA, the Obama Administration announced a noteworthy $156 million investment to address Alzheimer’s disease. The investment includes instantly increasing AD research funding. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) committed an extra $50 million to fund Alzheimer’s disease research (ASPE, 2021). The investment also aims at sustaining and developing the AD research investment. The President’s 2013 fiscal year budget proposed $80 million in new AD research funding. In two fiscal years, 2012 and 2013, investments totaled $130 million in new AD research funding.
In addition, the investment is aimed at supporting individuals with AD and their families and educating the public and health providers about AD. The initiative also included $26 million to support the National Plan’s goals which include: Providing education and outreach to enhance the public’s understanding of AD; Conducting outreach programs to improve the knowledge of health care providers on AD; Increasing support for individuals with AD and caregivers in the community; Enhance data collection and analysis to improve the understanding on the impact of AD on patients, their families, long-term care facilities, and the healthcare system (ASPE, 2021).
The federal government is the biggest public funder of research in AD. The National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute on Aging, National Center for Advancing Translational Science, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences fund parts of research in development of AD drugs (Cummings et al., 2018). Other funders include the Food and Drug Administration, National Science Foundation, and the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Service. Nonetheless, funding source interaction is mostly unstructured, and the available funding is inadequate to meet all demands for new AD therapies.
Proposed Recommendation
I would recommend that a policy be enacted requiring funding for mental health providers on cognitive training. Hospitals can be funded to facilitate training for their mental health practitioners, which would ensure there are enough providers to conduct cognitive training. This would increase the number of patients who access cognitive training in the early stages of AD, which would delay the progression of AD and improve their overall cognitive functioning. Furthermore, I would recommend that all hospitals providing Alzheimer’s care incorporate cognitive training in the care plans for patients with mild and moderate AD.
References
Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE). (2021). National plan to address Alzheimer’s disease: 2021 update.
Bodner, K. A., Goldberg, T. E., Devanand, D. P., & Doraiswamy, P. M. (2020). Advancing Computerized Cognitive Training for MCI and Alzheimer’s Disease in a Pandemic and Post-pandemic World. Frontiers in psychiatry, 11, 557571. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.557571
Breijyeh, Z., & Karaman, R. (2020). Comprehensive Review on Alzheimer’s Disease: Causes and Treatment. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 25(24), 5789. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245789
Butler, M., McCreedy, E., Nelson, V. A., Desai, P., Ratner, E., Fink, H. A., … & Kane, R. L. (2018). Does cognitive training prevent cognitive decline? A systematic review. Annals of internal medicine, 168(1), 63-68. https://doi.org/10.7326/M17-1531
Cummings, J., Reiber, C., & Kumar, P. (2018). The price of progress: Funding and financing Alzheimer’s disease drug development. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions, 4, 330-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trci.2018.04.008
Kang, M. J., Kim, S. M., Han, S. E., Bae, J. H., Yu, W. J., Park, M. Y., Ku, S., & Yang, Y. (2019). Effect of Paper-Based Cognitive Training in Early Stage of Alzheimer’s Dementia. Dementia and neurocognitive disorders, 18(2), 62–68. https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2019.18.2.62
van Dam, M., van Weeghel, J., Stiekema, A., Castelein, S., Pijnenborg, M., & van der Meer, L. (2022). Barriers and facilitators to implementation of cognitive adaptation training in long‐term inpatient facilities for people diagnosed with severe mental illness: A nursing perspective. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12821
Sample Answer 2 for DNP 810 Health Issues for the Aging
At the biological level, the process of aging normally results from the impact of the accumulation of various molecular and cellular damage with time. This results in a decline in mental and physical capacity, with an increased risk of health problems and ultimately death. Some of the common health complications reported among the elderly include cardiovascular diseases, hearing loss, back and neck pain, cataracts and refractive errors, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, depression, and diabetes among others (Zhang et al., 2018). Old age is also associated with the emergence of numerous complex health statuses commonly referred to as a geriatric syndrome. However, with advanced technology, the healthcare system has been able to come up with appropriate interventions to help promote the health and well-being of older people. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how cardiovascular diseases affected the elderly, in addition to the proposed solution to help address this health issue.
Health Issues
Older adults above 65 years are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases as compared to younger people. According to the CDC, 14.2% of adults above the age of 45 years were diagnosed with coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, or both last year (Colpani et al., 2018). Additionally, heart disease has been reported as the leading cause of death among the elderly for over a century. The increased risk of cardiovascular diseases among the elderly is associated with several factors including the impact of the aging process on the cardiovascular system. For instance, increased left ventricular wall thickness with age is associated with an increase in blood pressure (Zhang et al., 2018). Consequently, reduced physical functioning with age also promotes inactivity which is one of the main risks factors for heart disease. However, several screening tools and management strategies have been developed to promote early diagnosis and treatment.
Evaluating what the Literature Suggests as a Resolution
According to the American Heart Association, the main mitigating strategy to reduce the burden associated with cardiovascular diseases among the elderly is through the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. Gondoni et al. (2021) suggest that older adults must try to be more physically active, quit smoking, keep a healthy weight, follow a heart-healthy diet, manage stress, and frequently monitor their blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Several treatment options have also been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the management of a wide range of patients with different types of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure. Colpani et al. (2018) confirm in their study the need for patients to adhere to the treatment guidelines and adopt self-care behavior to promote positive care outcomes. Controlling hypertension among the elderly should be well initiated before the patient starts showing signs.
Attempts to Incorporate the Solution into Public Policy
It should be well acknowledged in the community that solutions for preventing heart disease among the elderly need to be part of the public policy. As such, it is important to consider public health approaches that focus on systems, policy, and environmental changes to facilitate the prevention of heart diseases by producing sustainable improvement in the social and physical environment promoting choices, accessibility, availability, resources, and information for health behavior (Altavilla et al., 2018). Currently, several policy-level approaches have been implemented successfully, with a positive outcome such as the tobacco- and alcohol-use laws. Consequently, at the state and local level, policies aiming at reducing the concentration of sodium in restaurants and processed foods have also been proposed. These policies will help promote healthy diets, food choices, and increase awareness to prevent heart diseases among elderly people.
Barriers to Implementation of the Solution
Several challenges hinder the appropriate implementation of the above-stated solutions to help promote the health and well-being of the elderly and reduce the burden associated with cardiovascular disease. One main challenge is knowledge deficit. Most elderly people are usually less informed concerning appropriate lifestyle modification to prevent heart disease. Ignorance promotes poor decision-making. Another challenge is the fact that most elderly people fail to understand their role in promoting their health (Gondoni et al., 2021). As such, they wait until they develop the complication to start receiving treatment rather than preventing it in the first place. The last challenge is the lack of adequate finances to promote the proposed life modification in the prevention of heart disease. Some of the elderly, especially those with a low socioeconomic status do not have any form of health insurance. As such, they cannot afford to pay for routine screening as recommended for early diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases. Additionally, they cannot afford healthy foods, and instead, consume fast food which is high in calories and sodium.
Options for Public/Private Funding
There is a great need for private and public funding for the prevention and treatment of heart disease. Private funds can help supplement the government-funded Medicaid and Medicare systems to promote affordability of routine screening and treatment of elderly with a heart problems. For instance, the Million Hearts® 2022 national initiative which is being led by both the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the CDC has raised adequate funding to help prevent up to 1 million heart attacks and strokes in the next 5 years (Zhang et al., 2018). Continued support by organizations like American Heart Associating has also displayed beneficial results in the promoting of research on better approaches to help prevent heart disease.
Recommendation
Despite the efforts that have been directed towards the prevention of heart disease among the elder over the years, the burden of the disease among this vulnerable population is still on the rise. As such, I would propose that more attention should be put on life modification strategies like healthy diet and exercise to help promote the health and well-being of the elderly (Altavilla et al., 2018). Additionally, routine screening protocols for heart disease should be implemented in all healthcare centers for the elderly, to promote early diagnosis and timely treatment.
Conclusion
Heart disease is the leading cause of death among the elderly globally. To reduce the burden associated with this health problem, appropriate mitigation strategies should be incorporated into public policy to promote positive outcomes. Such policies shouldfocus on educating the public on appropriate lifestyle habits and available treatment options to help reduce the burden associated with the disease.
References
Altavilla, G., D’Elia, F., & Raiola, G. (2018). A brief review of the effects of physical activity in subjects with cardiovascular disease: An interpretative key. Sport Mont, 16(3), 103-106.DOI 10.26773/smj.181018
Colpani, V., Baena, C. P., Jaspers, L., Van Dijk, G. M., Farajzadegan, Z., Dhana, K., … & Franco, O. H. (2018). Lifestyle factors, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and elderly women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of epidemiology, 33(9), 831-845.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-018-0374-z
Gondoni, L. A., Nibbio, F., & Titon, A. (2021). Beneficial Effect on Exercise Tolerance of a Comprehensive Rehabilitation Program in Elderly Obese Patients Affected With Heart Disease. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 8, 518. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.652921
Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., & Ma, L. (2018). Depression and cardiovascular disease in elderly: Current understanding. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 47, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2017.09.022