DNP 815 Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application

Grand Canyon University DNP 815 Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University DNP 815 Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for DNP 815 Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application                           

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University DNP 815 Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for DNP 815 Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application                         

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University DNP 815 Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for DNP 815 Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application                         

After the introduction, move into the main part of the DNP 815 Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for DNP 815 Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application                         

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for DNP 815 Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application                           

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for DNP 815 Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application

Re: Topic 4 DQ 2

In my previous discussion, I discussed the ethical dilemma surrounding the decision to change the law regarding a women’s right to choose. The challenge of states having individual laws surrounding reproductive rights is providing full disclosure when providing counseling to those that are susceptible to hereditary disorders. Many controversies surrounding prenatal diagnosis remains, especially when the diagnosis leads to a decision to terminate the pregnancy. Ethical issues are often viewed through a different lens unique to each person. However, the importance of following a structure when making ethical decisions is necessary. Principles to remember are respecting autonomy through safeguarding a person’s right to control medical treatment free from coercion, beneficence, do no harm, and justice. ensuring persons are treated equally and fair. (Nussbaum, et al., 2016). The nurse must be steadfast in her responsibility to provide unbiased care to patients. As healthcare professionals separate personal values to provide patients with the ability to practice autonomy when faced with issues such as technologies, in vitro fertilization, or prenatal sex determination by ultrasonography and abortion, to balance the sexes of the children in their family or avoid having children for social and economic reasons prevalent in their societies. (Nussbaum, et al., 2016).

Vaugh suggests that moral theory is prescriptive and explanatory. He separated moral theories into those that focus on right action and those that focus on good or bad character. Criteria for determining what is right and good consist of three criteria: consistency with our considered moral judgments, consistency with the facts of the moral life, and resourcefulness in moral problem-solving. (Vaughn, 2010) (Butts & Rich, 2018).
1. Determine the moral issue: the moral issue would be providing informed consent/full disclosure when providing counseling to couples undergoing genetic counseling.
2. Determine the actor, in a scenario with prenatal counseling, the actor is the health care professional
3. Get the facts. Providing factual information to patients regarding options available to parents in the event of an abnormality, or termination of pregnancy is only one and should be discussed. Through counseling and providing information to the parents they should understand that in undertaking prenatal diagnosis, they are not under obligation to terminate a pregnancy in the event that an abnormality is detected.
4. Determine if the moral issue is right versus wrong, personally it is not for the actor to assume right or wrong, the responsibility is providing informed consent and holistic counseling. Using justice versus mercy. Allowing the patients autonomy in fairness, and equality in conflict with empathy, understanding, and compassion.
5. Test for right versus right by assigning one of the four dilemma paradigms. The actor/nurse being faced with providing counseling when working with sensitive matters use of the professional standards test can be used. Answering the question, does the choice or action violate any part of the Professional Code of Ethics? Nurses should be aware of state rules and regulations and the Code of Ethics. (Edgar & Wachs, 2004)
Table 1 Checkpoints for Ethical Decision Making (Edgar & Wachs, 2004).

Butts, J. B., & Rich, K. L. (Eds.). (2018). Philosophies and theories for advanced nursing practice (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett. ISBN-13: 9781284112245

Edgar, P. H., & Wachs, J. (2004). Resolving ethical dilemmas: Applying the Institute for Global Ethics’ Ethical Fitness Model to occupational and environmental health practice issues. AAOHN Journal, 50(1), 40-46.

Nussbaum, R., McInnes, R. R., Willard, Huntington, F. (2016).Thompson & Thompson genetics in medicine, (8th ed.). ISBN: 978-1-4377-0696-3. https://bibliu.com/app/#/view/books/9780323392068/epub/OPS/xhtml/copyright.html#page_2

Sample Answer 2 for DNP 815 Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application

Respecting patients’ confidentiality and privacy are considered as the patients’ rights. Confidentiality is the key virtue for trust building in physician-patient relationship. While law considers confidentiality as absolute except for legal situations, despite efforts to maintaining confidentiality, sometimes breaching confidentiality is unavoidable but not necessarily unethical. Nursing continues to be the most trusted of professions. As a profession, nursing cannot separate itself from moral/ethical intent and behavior. Nursing educators therefore have a huge responsibility for building a strong moral and ethical foundation upon which future nurses will build their practice. Moral courage is the ability to stand up for and practice that which one considers ethical, moral behavior when faced with a dilemma, even if it means going against countervailing pressure to do otherwise. Those with moral courage resolve to “do the right thing” even if it puts them at personal risk of losing employment, isolation from peers and other negative consequences. (General Medical Council [GMC] (2017).

Table 1 Checkpoints for Ethical Decision Making

Patients need to be able to trust that their providers will protect information shared in confidence. They should feel free to fully disclose sensitive personal information to enable their physician to most effectively provide needed services. Providers in turn have an ethical obligation to preserve the confidentiality of information gathered in association with the care of the patient. Patients are entitled to decide whether and to whom their personal health information is disclosed. However, specific consent is not required in all situations. When disclosing patients’ personal health information, physicians should: Restrict disclosure to the minimum necessary information; and Notify the patient of the disclosure, when feasible (Duncan RE, Vandeleur M, Derks A, Sawyer S. (2017). Identifiable patient information – written, verbal or electronic § Patient confidentiality – builds trust, respects patient autonomy and privacy and leads to good patient outcome. Physicians may disclose personal health information without the specific consent of the patient or authorized surrogate when the patient lacks decision-making capacity. To other health care personnel for purposes of providing care or for health care operations; or to appropriate authorities when disclosure is required by law. To other third parties situated to mitigate the threat when in the physician’s judgment there is a reasonable probability that: The patient will seriously harm him/herself and the patient will inflict serious physical harm on an identifiable individual or individuals. For any other disclosures, physicians should obtain the consent of the patient (or authorized surrogate) before disclosing personal health information (Beltran-Aroca CM, Girela-Lopez E, Collazo-Chao E, et al. 2017).

References

Beltran-Aroca CM, Girela-Lopez E, Collazo-Chao E, et al. (2017). Confidentiality breaches in clinical practice: what happens in hospitals? BMC Med Ethics, 17(1): 52.

Duncan RE, Vandeleur M, Derks A, Sawyer S. (2017). Confidentiality with adolescents in the medical setting: what do parents think? J Adolesc Health, 49(4): 428–30.

General Medical Council [GMC] (2017). Confidentiality: good practice in handling patient. Available at https://www.gmc-uk.org/-/media/documents/confidentiality-good-practice-in-handling-patient-information—english-0417_pdf-70080105.pdf

Sample Answer 3 for DNP 815 Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application

In the work we do as nurses, we face ethical dilemmas. Ethics in nursing offers a framework to ensure nurses and the patient are safe. The framework also guides nurses in difficult decision-making and provides a moral compass to carry out their nursing care fairly (Yildiz, 2017).  The previous discussion explored ethical issues that nurses faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. The lack of supplies led to nurses having to make difficult decisions regarding the duty to provide patient care while possibly placing them in an unsafe situation. Additionally, changes to hospital visitation caused an ethical burden on the nurse-client relationship.  These ethical dilemmas caused challenges however using a decision tree such as the one suggested by Edgar (2002) can help develop optimal solutions for all involved.

The moral issue: In the examples discussed, the moral issue is the duty to do no harm and provide safe patient care while keeping yourself, as a nurse, safe. The other moral issue is autonomous decision-making to have family actively engaged in patient care by being actively present.

Determining the actor: The owner of these ethical dilemmas is the nurse and the healthcare facility that has the responsibility of providing adequate resources to deliver safe patient care.

Facts: The obvious fact is the lack of resources with the expectation that nurses still deliver quality of care. The other fact is the change in visitation rights due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Is the moral issue right versus wrong: The nurse must first explore what would happen if they refused to provide care due to lack of resources? Additionally, the healthcare organization should consider if not providing resources, due to the scarcity, violates healthcare policy. As it relates to the visitation policy, the gut test could be applied which implies does the action feel wrong (Edgar, 2002). Not allowing patients to have their families physically present may intuitively feel wrong.

Assigning a dilemma paradigm: The two ethical paradigms applicable to these examples are justice versus mercy and individual versus community. Is it fair to not provide care to the patient in need? Should the patient/family be able to autonomously decide if they want to be at a COVID patient bedside knowing the health risk this could pose to the general society?

Apply resolution principles: The principle that aligns with the lack of resources but the duty to provide care is the care-based principle. If roles were reversed the nurse would want to receive adequate care regardless of an organizational issue of not having supplies. In the second situation, the rules-based principle applies. During COVID the rules set by healthcare organizations aimed to protect the nurse, patient, and community they serve.

Identify if a third option exists: Alternative options in this case could be using personal protective equipment that may not meet the standard regulations. The other alternative could be using technology to meet the patient needs.

Make the decision: Once all options are considered proceeding forward with providing the best care possible should be the choice. In other words, doing everything that can be done to uphold the duties of a nurse all the while respecting the patient wishes.

Reflect on the decision: As COVID is now part of our daily lives, nurses and healthcare organizations should reflect if is the best decisions were made. Furthermore, these ethical dilemmas may allow healthcare organizations to better prepare if there was a reoccurrence in the future. In my healthcare organization we are using lessons learned from COVID and applying them to operating procedures in case there are a substantial number of patients with Monkeypox admitted.

References

Edgar, P. H. (2002). Resolving ethical Dilemas. AAOHN Journal, 50(1), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/216507990205000110

Yıldız, E. (2017). Ethics in nursing: A systematic review of the framework of evidence perspective. Nursing Ethics, 26(4), 1128–1148. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733017734412