DNP 815 Case Report: Application of Theory to Organizational Mission, Vision, and the Christian Worldview

Grand Canyon University DNP 815 Case Report: Application of Theory to Organizational Mission, Vision, and the Christian Worldview– Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University DNP 815 Case Report: Application of Theory to Organizational Mission, Vision, and the Christian Worldview  assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for DNP 815 Case Report: Application of Theory to Organizational Mission, Vision, and the Christian Worldview     

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NUR 550 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Project: Literature Review depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for DNP 815 Case Report: Application of Theory to Organizational Mission, Vision, and the Christian Worldview     

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University DNP 815 Case Report: Application of Theory to Organizational Mission, Vision, and the Christian Worldview  is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for DNP 815 Case Report: Application of Theory to Organizational Mission, Vision, and the Christian Worldview     

After the introduction, move into the main part of the DNP 815 Case Report: Application of Theory to Organizational Mission, Vision, and the Christian Worldview assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for DNP 815 Case Report: Application of Theory to Organizational Mission, Vision, and the Christian Worldview     

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for DNP 815 Case Report: Application of Theory to Organizational Mission, Vision, and the Christian Worldview     

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for DNP 815 Case Report: Application of Theory to Organizational Mission, Vision, and the Christian Worldview

Nursing clinical practice, like many other fields, has experienced various challenges in the past and in recent times, which has seen a rise in calls for better strategies to mitigate the challenges. Among the challenges are improving patient outcomes and ensuring that patients are safe in the care environment. One of the chronic conditions that have attracted a lot of attention is diabetes. The condition affects millions of people worldwide, leading to a continued need for better interventions (Hildebrand et al., 2020). Central to such interventions is the use of nursing theories that can be connected to a particular organization’s mission and vision and the Christian worldviews. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the application of theory to the organizational vision, mission, and Christian worldviews. The next section introduces the purpose of the Project.

Purpose of the Project

Diabetes is among various chronic conditions which adversely and negatively impact individuals’ or patients’ lives. Some of the adverse health impacts include other conditions such as kidney disease, heart disease, and stroke (Skinner et al., 2020). In addition, the condition is prevalent, and millions of individuals are living with it. Even though various interventions have been used to date, diabetes still remains one of the most common chronic conditions. While the key to better management involves better glycemic control, individuals usually have poor glycemic control, mainly due to risky lifestyle behaviors. The purpose of this quantitative study is to determine if or to what degree the implementation of Diabetes self-management education and support (DSME&S) with telehealth callsfor patients would improve weekly blood sugars among patients with T2DM (diabetes dietary monitoring /daily finger stick home log record) when compared to the current clinic practice (monitoring only during clinic visit) in an urban primary care hospital in Arizona State over eight weeks.

Christian Worldviews

The Grand Canyon University was founded on Christian principles and had doctrinal statements that are biblically rooted. Therefore, this section synthesizes the nine statements. The first statement entails the belief in the bible, both the old and new testaments, to be the only authoritative and true word of God. This implies that the bible is the only inspired scripture. The next doctrinal statement underlines God as the only God and exists as the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit and that God the Father created everything that we can see and those we can’t see. The third statement underlines that Jesus Christ is a deity and the son of God who came to earth and incarnated Mary and the holy spirit, therefore becoming human but living a sinless life (“Grand Canyon Univerity,” n.d). Connected to the third statement is the fourth statement that Jesus Christ underwent an atoning death by shedding his blood in the calvary tree. However, upon burial, he resurrected on the third day and went to be with God the father. Christ will come to the earth again but in glory to pass judgment upon the earth and establish an everlasting kingdom.

The next statement states that an individual’s regeneration by the holy spirit is key if a sinful and lost person has to be saved and that one of the current works of the holy spirit is to enable the Christians to live a godly life. This statement also asserts that the Holy Spirit is fully God and is glorified and worshipped just like the son and the father. Some other functions of the holy spirit include guiding the church into truth, convicting individuals of judgment, righteousness, and sin, and being a comforter and teacher that Jesus Christ promised(“Grand Canyon Univerity,” n.d). The sixth statement implies that salvation is obtainable only through Christ and entails the process of redeeming a person as a whole being. This statement also addresses a strong belief of the organization in resurrection; to the righteous, it is a resurrection to live, while for the lost, it’s damnation.

The eighth doctrinal statement refers to the belief in the spiritual unity of those who believe in Jesus Christ as one apostolic and catholic church and that the church ministers to reconcile a lost world. Being ambassadors of God’s kingdom, engagement in societal issues and evangelism is part of duty and are used in expressing humanity and God’s doctrines(“Grand Canyon Univerity,” n.d). The final statement underlines the importance of the salvation message as proclaimed by the church. It is an indictment upon forms of discrimination, oppression, and alienation, denouncing injustice and evil.

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Organization’s Mission and Vision to Theory and Model

Organizational mission and vision are essential for any organization as they indicate and explain why an organization exists and what the organization aspires to achieve, both in the current terms and in the future. Grand Canyon Univerity has mission and vision statements that are rooted in Christianity and have biblical connections. Therefore, this section explores the mission and vision of Grand Canyon University.

Mission and Vision

The Grand Canyon University’s mission is “to prepare learners to become global citizens, critical thinkers, effective communicators, and responsible leaders by providing an academically challenging, values-based curriculum from the context of our Christian heritage” (Grand Canyon Univerity, 2021). This mission statement implies that the university places emphasis on the connection between Christian values and what kinds of benefits the students are likely to achieve or obtain when they take up their studies at Grand Canyon University.

The university’s vision statement states that ” through a future centered around hybrid campus system, Grand Canyon University is a premier Christain University, educating people to lead and serve”(Grand Canyon Univerity, 2021).  This vision statement implies that the university uses a holistic approach by incorporating Christian heritage to achieve the set goals.

Connection of Mission and Vision to Nursing Theory.

Dorothy Orem’s Self-Care theory has been selected to be used as a guide of the Project. This theory focuses on a person’s ability to carry out self-care as “the practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health, and well-being (Butts & Rich, 2018). This theory has three interrelated sub-theories, including the theory of nursing systems, the self-care deficit theory, and the theory of self-care. The mission statement has a close connection with the theory. For example, the university aims to train students to be critical thinkers and responsible leaders. The sense of responsibility implies that an individual has to take charge of every aspect of their life. Such an idea is reiterated in one of the assumptions that make Dorothea Orem’s theory. From the theory, individuals need to be responsible and self-reliant when it comes to their own care as well as family members in need of care. Even though it is more related to care, this assumption prompts an individual to be more responsible.

  The Grand Canyon’s vision is also connected to Orem’s theory. The vision statement focuses on training students to lead and serve.  Part of the theory is the universal self-care requisites. The universal self-care requisites are connected to maintaining the integrity of human functioning and structure and the life process; thus, they are usually referred to as daily living activities. Various activities form part of the universal self-care requisites, including maintaining a balance between rest and activity, providing care connected to excrements and the elimination process, maintaining adequate food intake, sufficient air intake, and adequate water intake(Butts & Rich, 2018). The implication is that an individual has to take responsibility and lead all their lives’ activities to achieve the right balance and accomplish all the requisites. An individual capable of leading their own life can lead others too. Therefore, through the use of this aspect of the theory, a person can learn to lead, which is the major focus of Grand Canyon University’s vision statement.

Connection of Mission and Vision to Evidence-based Change Model.

The evidence-based change model that will be used in this Project is the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA).The Plan-Do-Study-Act model is one of the evidence-based models that has been widely applied in implementing various initiatives in nursing. This model entails four stages applied in solving problems to carry out a change and improve a process. The first step entails planning, followed by doing, studying, and finally acting before the cycle restarts as the need arises (Christoff, 2018). The organization’s mission and vision also align with the PDSA model. For example, the mission is aligned to the planning phase in that for the university to mold the students to become responsible leaders and critical thinkers; the leadership has to plan by identifying the problems affecting the society or opportunities to improve and recruit the staff with the right mix of skills to mold the students.

In the do phase, the university accomplishes the training aspect of the aim by engaging the services of the employed or hired human resources. Therefore, the students are taught and trained to acquire the relevant skills desired by the university and relevant to society. The study phase majorly deals with data collection and analysis to ascertain the extent of the success of the university plan. Therefore, the university can evaluate the impact of the offered value-based curriculum. The act phase coincides with the university’s efforts to make necessary adjustments as guided by the data obtained from the study phase to make the programs more effective (Christoff, 2018). The organization’s vision which focuses on educating people to lead and serve is also aligned with the Plan-Do-Study-Act model. For instance, training the students to serve and lead, the university has to undertake the processes highlighted in the model. For example, in the planning phase, the university has to identify leadership gaps in the society and align its instruction and curriculum to address every need. The university then implements the formulated instructions to achieve the targeted goals. Again, in the study phase, the organizations obtain relevant data reflecting how well the implemented strategies accomplish the formulated goals that underpin the vision. Eventually, on the act part, the organization reevaluates the whole process and how well it has assisted in accomplishing the vision and taking necessary measures and adjustments for better results.

Pulling it Together

The purpose of this quantitative Project is to determine if or to what degree the implementation of Diabetes self-management education and support (DSME&S) with telehealth calls for patients would improve weekly blood sugars among patients with T2DM (diabetes dietary monitoring / daily finger stick home log record) when compared to the current clinic practice (monitoring only during clinic visit) in an urban primary care hospital in Arizona State over eight weeks. This Project is connected to the Christian worldview in that it focuses on relieving the pain and distress that patients with diabetes often undergo (Goode, 2018). Through the Christian worldview, these patients’ behavior and daily lives are guided by the biblical principles of well-being and health, which rests in the personal relationship with God. God has various promises indicated in the bible, such as good health and wisdom; therefore, the patients can follow the suggested intervention to get healed through trust in God.

The purpose of the project is also aligned with the organization’s mission and vision. The Project aims for better patient outcomes in terms of blood sugar control. This is aligned to the mission in that the effort will require the investigator to exhibit leadership qualities in leading an evidence-based practice project from start to finish. Therefore, the university’s leadership principles instilled in the student will have to be used appropriately. The Project and the mission also support each other. For example, while the mission’s purpose is expressed in accomplishing the project, the activities to be performed during the Project are key in remodeling strategies of improving the aspects of the mission statement.

The vision also focuses on serving and leading. The implementation of the Project will see nurses participating in telehealth calls which are also part of serving as indicated in the vision.The stages of the change model are also connected to the project’s purpose. The planning phase will entail formulating the care team and assigning various responsibilities to individuals who participate in diabetes care. The doing phase will involve training and educating the staff on how to use telehealth in educating the patients to help patients improve self-care activities for diabetes management. Checking will involve identifying what is not going on according to plan. In the action phase, the nurses identify and analyze complications with the current diabetes care and embark on improving the outcomes.

Grand Canyon University was founded on Christian principles and, therefore, entirely subscribes to the Christian worldview. Therefore, the DPI project has been formulated to incorporate the Christian worldview. For example, the Project focuses on improving health outcomes for the patients living with diabetes through self-management education. The purpose will be achieved through nurses’ involvement in patient diabetes education, which is service to humanity(Goode, 2018). Service to humanity is a biblical teaching, hence a Christian worldview.

Conclusion

The write-up has explored the application of the chosen theory to the Grand Canyon university mission, vision, and Christian world views. The Project’s purpose alignment with the Christian worldview, mission, and vision has been explored. While the purpose was found to be strongly linked with the mission and vision, it was less connected to the Christian worldview. In addition, the connection between the mission and vision and the PDSA change model has been explored. A relationship between the phases of the change model and the organization’s mission and vision has been discussed.

References

Butts, J. B., & Rich, K. L. (2018). Philosophies and theories for advanced nursing practice. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Christoff, P. (2018). Running PDSA cycles. Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care, 48(8), 198-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2018.08.006.

Grand Canyon Univerity. (n.d). Doctrinal statements. https://www.gcu.edu/sites/default/files/media/documents/about/christian-identity-heritage/doctrinal-statement.pdf.

Grand Canyon Univerity. (2021). Christian identity and mission. https://www.gcu.edu/why-gcu/christian-identity-and-mission.

Goode, P. (2018). Integrating Biblical Principles into Diabetes Self-Management Education for African Americans. International Journal of Faith Community Nursing, 4(2), 1. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijfcn/vol4/iss2/1?utm_source=digitalcommons.wku.edu%2Fijfcn%2Fvol4%2Fiss2%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages

Hildebrand, J. A., Billimek, J., Lee, J. A., Sorkin, D. H., Olshansky, E. F., Clancy, S. L., & Evangelista, L. S. (2020). Effect of diabetes self-management education on glycemic control in Latino adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Patient education and counseling, 103(2), 266-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2019.09.009.

DNP 815 A Connecting Nursing Theory and Evidence_Based Change Models

Connecting Nursing Theory and Evidence-Based Change Models 

Routinely, nurses encounter patients with varying needs, concerns, and attitudes to care. Despite the impacts of these variables on patient care, nurses must continually identify opportunities for change and address issues appropriately. Quality improvement projects utilize different nursing theories and frameworks. The current project seeks to improve outcomes among the elderly and debilitated patients using a preventive bundle to reduce pressure ulcers. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to describe the theoretical foundations, evidence-based change model, and the connection between the theory, change model and the direct practice improvement project. The section that follows describes the theoretical foundations. 

Theoretical Foundations 

Nurses borrow ideas of improving care quality from nursing theories. Grand and middle-range nursing theories are widely applied in direct practice improvement project. This section outlines the selected theory, clinical question, and how the theory has been applied in other practice areas. 

Nursing Theory 

A nursing theory is an organized body of knowledge that defines what nursing entails. Given this, nursing theories describe why nurses practice nursing and how they should approach different situations. According to Smith (2019), nursing theories provide baseline knowledge of care concepts that explain what nursing professionals should do for patients and the rationale for their actions. Such an approach to care is crucial in the ever-evolving practice since nurses should articulate evidence that validates their practice methodologies. 

Imogene King Goal Attainment Theory: broadly, Imogene King’s goal attainment theory is established on the principle that nurses and patients should set mutual goals and the care process should be transactional. As Butts and Rich (2021) explained, the goal attainment theory recognizes the importance of identifying a problem through effective nurse-patient communication and setting goals that must be achieved reciprocally. The implication is that the care process is not one-sided; thus, nurses and patients must be active partners. Butts and Rich (2021) further explained that nurses use their experience and skills to initiate action, reaction, and appropriate interactions between them and care recipients. To achieve the desired outcomes, nurses must share essential information about their perceptions of the situations and care processed to enable both parties to recognize specific goals and implement mechanisms to achieve them with a clear purpose. In summary, the care process through the goal attainment theory involves five concepts/steps: identifying a problem, mutual goal setting, shared roles to attain the goal, agreeing on how to accomplish the goals, and transaction/goal attainment.  

The current project involves implementing a pressure preventive bundle to reduce pressure injury incidence among elderly and debilitated patients. The first concept of the goal attainment theory is problem identification through actions and interactions. The problem is clear, and both nurses and patients understand its implications. The second concept is mutual goal setting. The patients must be involved in setting goals to ensure they understand the projected benefits of the preventive bundle and their role in making the project a success. For instance, they can set reminders for repositioning to ensure they are awake as repositioning occurs. Seeking ways to achieve the goal should also be a joint exercise since patients must understand why and when each activity occurs. Mutual goal setting will ensure the nurse and patient’s goals align. 

Clinical Question: to what degree does the implementation of a pressure preventive bundle impacts pressure injury incidence when compared to routine care among elderly and debilitated patients in a long-term care facility in suburban Maryland City? 

Implementing the pressure preventive bundle is expected to reduce pressure injury incidence in the long-term care facility. The nurse and patients should set mutual goals and identify measures to achieve these goals as the goal attainment theory recommends. Failing to engage the patients implies that the process will not be transactional, and the projected goals will not be achieved.  

Synthesis of Theory 

Imogene King’s goal attainment theory has been widely applied to set patient goals and optimize care outcomes in nursing research and evidence-based practice. Araújo et al. (2018) evaluated the effectiveness of nursing interventions based on goal attainment theory on patient care outcomes among diabetic people. In this quasi-experimental study, sixty patients were divided into intervention and control groups. In the experimental group, health goals were formulated based on King’s theory and measures to enhance adherence to treatment identified mutually between nurses and patients. The control group did not receive nursing consultations. The primary finding was high adherence to treatment in the intervention group since patients felt co-responsible for the treatment and with high decisive power (Araujo et al., 2018). Nursing consultations that improved interactions further improved adherence. 

In a different study, Payamani et al. (2022) explored the impacts of applying the nursing process guided by the goal attainment theory’s concepts on patients with multiple sclerosis. In this study, the authors examined the impacts of the nursing process on patients’ quality of life (QOL) and activities of daily living (ADL) when the nursing process is based on the theory of goal attainment. Seventy patients were divided into the intervention and control groups, and the concepts of goal attainment theory were implemented in the intervention group. Payamani et al. (2022) found that the intervention group achieved a higher number of prioritized goals than the control group and reported higher QOL and instrumental ADL. The positive results underscored the effectiveness of goal attainment theory in promoting goal attainment, QOL, and instrumental ADL for patients.  

King’s theory of goal attainment can also improve relationships if implemented effectively. Relationship building is pivotal in enhancing cooperation, adherence, and positivity in general and specialized care. To understand these connections, Adib-Hajbaghery and Tahmouresi (2018) assessed the use of King’s goal attainment theory in the nurse-patient relationship. For nurses to achieve optimal care, processes must be based on the tenet that nursing is enabling healthy interactions and building relationships to attain health and improve well-being. Such an understanding allows nurses to perceive patient care as a process whose ultimate goal is to attain health. Viewing care as an interactive process builds healthy nurse-patient relationships since nurses incorporate patients in goal setting and support them to interact positively with the immediate environment. 

Summary  

The above section on theoretical foundations explores the chosen nursing theory and its application in other nursing areas. As discussed in detail, Imogene King’s fundamental concepts include nurses and patients engaging in a transactional process to set mutual goals and identify ways of achieving them. The clinical question aligns with the goal attainment theory since nurses and patients should set mutual goals and engage in a transactional process to reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers. The next section analyzes the evidence-based change model.  

Evidence-Based Change Model 

Implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) requires health care professionals to combine scientific evidence, clinical expertise, and patients’ values and preferences to improve patient care outcomes. EBP models provide concepts and frameworks for implementing scientific evidence to make positive changes in patient care (Duff et al., 2020). If differently stated, EBP change models help change leaders to demystify the process of research translation into clinical practice. 

Imogene King’s Conceptual System Model 

The conceptual system is established on the principle that human beings are open systems interacting continuously with the environment. According to Butts and Rich (2021), King’s model reflects humans, the environment, health, and nursing as systems. The concept of a person is the most critical and contains three systems: personal, interpersonal, and social. Butts and Rich (2021) further explained that the personal system includes people (patients) who respond and cope with stimuli based on their expectations. The interpersonal system includes roles, communication, and interaction that transpire during the nursing process. The social system includes the roles, practices, and behaviors developed to address the needs of patients. In the project, patients are perceived as a combination of systems whose fundamental principles must be implemented to reduce the incidence of pressure injuries in the long-term care facility. Much emphasis is on the interpersonal system where nurse-patient communication will enable nurses and patients to make the essential transactions such as goal setting and identify the strategies for attaining those goals to maintain their health.  

Clinical Question 

Perceptions shape how people interact between themselves and person-to-environment transactions. However, without effective communication, nurses cannot model the desired nurse-patient interactions. Using the interpersonal system principles, communication will be fundamental in enabling nurses and patients set mutual goals, choose common strategies, and work together to implement the preventive bundle to reduce pressure injury incidence. The implication is that the goal attainment theory will be successfully implemented through transactions and helping patients perceive the process positively through continuous communication and engagement. 

Synthesis of Evidence-Based Change Model 

Imogene King’s conceptual system model has been widely used in current and past research. Park (2021) studied the impacts of nurse-led intervention programs based on the personal and interpersonal systems that Imogene King proposed in the conceptual system model. The model was utilized by categorizing the study’s dependent variables into personal and interpersonal systems. Adib-Hajbaghery and Tahmouresi (2018) also conceptualized the influence of personal and interpersonal systems on nurse-patient interactions. They conjectured that the nurse-patient interaction could not be effective without the nurse and patient understanding each other. Adib-Hajbaghery and Tahmouresi (2018) further mentioned that nurse-patient relationships exemplify the interpersonal system of the King’s conceptual system. In another study, Joseph et al. (2019) analyzed how King’s conceptual system and a transactional process provide a framework for effective and efficient case management. They argued that perceiving patients as interpersonal systems leads to mutual satisfaction for patients, physicians, and families. 

Summary 

Change models provide frameworks for implementing scientific evidence in nursing practice. Imogene King’s conceptual system model outlines how to implement goal attainment theory’s fundamental principles. The above section illustrates the change model and how it has been applied in other articles. The next section links the nursing theory and change model to the project. 

Linking Nursing Theory, Change Model, to the Direct Practice Improvement Project  

Pressure injuries are a significant threat to patient outcomes since they threaten patient safety and care quality and increase morbidity and hospitalization. Addressing the problem will reduce the incidence of pressure injuries in the site that primarily relies on standard care practices. Therefore the purpose of this quantitative quasi-experimental project was to determine to what degree the implementation of a pressure preventive bundle would impact pressure injury incidence when compared to current practice among elderly and debilitated patients in a long-term care facility in Maryland within 60 days. 

Conclusion 

Imogene King’s theory of goal attainment theory presumes that nurses and patients set goals that must be achieved reciprocally. The transaction process enables the two crucial parties of the nursing process to set goals and navigate situations while communicating with a clear purpose. King’s conceptual system model provides a framework for implementing the goal attainment theory. Its interpersonal system principles will be instrumental in implementing the DPI project by ensuring the nurse-patient relationship is transactional, and each understands the other. The nurse theory supports the change model by establishing patient care as a transaction. The model supports the theory by affirming the importance of a transactional relationship and provides a framework for implementing the theory’s basic concepts. The theory and the model support the purpose of the project since nurse-patient communication, and mutual goal setting will be instrumental in the project’s success.  

References 

Adib-Hajbaghery, M., & Tahmouresi, M. (2018). Nurse–patient relationship based on the Imogene King’s theory of goal attainment. Nursing and Midwifery Studies, 7(3), 141-144. doi: 10.4103/2322-1488.235636 

Araújo, E. S. S., Silva, L. D. F. D., Moreira, T. M. M., Almeida, P. C. D., Freitas, M. C. D., & Guedes, M. V. C. (2018). Nursing care to patients with diabetes based on King’s Theory. Revista Brasileira De Enfermagem, 71, 1092-1098. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0268 

Butts, J. B., & Rich, K. L. (2021). Philosophies and theories for advanced nursing practice. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 

Duff, J., Cullen, L., Hanrahan, K., & Steelman, V. (2020). Determinants of an evidence-based practice environment: An interpretive description. Implementation Science Communications, 1(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43058-020-00070-0 

Joseph, S. S., George, R. A., Jose, R., & Sebastian, B (2021). Application of a nursing care protocol based on King’s Theory of Goal Attainment: A pre-experimental study. PJMHS, 15(12), 3481-3484. https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115123481 

Park, B. M. (2021). Effects of nurse-led intervention programs based on goal attainment theory: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Healthcare 2021, 9, 699. https://doi.org/10.3390/ 

Payamani, F., Khatiban, M., Soltanian, A., Ghiasian, M., & Borzou, S. R. (2022). The effect of applying the nursing process based on the Theory of Goal Attainment on activities of daily living and quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis during COVID-19 pandemic: A clinical trial. Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971-),1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-022-03104-9 

Smith, M. C. (2019). Nursing theories and nursing practice. FA Davis.