DNP 820 What effects can personal bias and beliefs have on a quality improvement project?

Grand Canyon University DNP 820 What effects can personal bias and beliefs have on a quality improvement project?-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University DNP 820 What effects can personal bias and beliefs have on a quality improvement project? assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for DNP 820 What effects can personal bias and beliefs have on a quality improvement project?                           

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University DNP 820 What effects can personal bias and beliefs have on a quality improvement project? depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for DNP 820 What effects can personal bias and beliefs have on a quality improvement project?                         

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University DNP 820 What effects can personal bias and beliefs have on a quality improvement project? is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for DNP 820 What effects can personal bias and beliefs have on a quality improvement project?                         

After the introduction, move into the main part of the DNP 820 What effects can personal bias and beliefs have on a quality improvement project? assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for DNP 820 What effects can personal bias and beliefs have on a quality improvement project?                         

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for DNP 820 What effects can personal bias and beliefs have on a quality improvement project?                           

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for DNP 820 What effects can personal bias and beliefs have on a quality improvement project? 

Re: Topic 2 DQ 2

Personal bias and beliefs can change the way a quality improvement project is practiced in the departmental setting. For instance, an evidence-based protocol was introduced to the emergency department for any patients who arrive with acute Sickle Cell Crisis. This protocol entailed an Emergency Service Index acuity level 2 in which initiates treatment of this patient as soon as possible along with an order set to initiate intravenous access, blood draw for lab orders, intravenous fluids, intravenous pharmacological interventions for pain control within the protocol regimen (1 dose per hours x 3 hours with increase of dosage per order). Although the protocol has a very clear pathway, personal bias and beliefs have caused personal alterations to the protocol and increased door to provider. FitzGerald & Hurst (2017) describe personal bias in healthcare workers as “associations outside conscious awareness that lead to a negative evaluation of a person on the basis of irrelevant characteristics such as race or gender”. Unfortunately, uncontrollable or unconscious judgments may cause alterations to patient care and communication.

Secondary research entails a series of reviews of research that has already been conducted. Many of these research articles are systematic reviews and meta-analysis. The systematic reviews synthesize results with statistical analysis (Bowen & Forrest, 2017). The most common sources of bias include annotations, data selection, representation, models/graphs, research design, information bias, selection bias, and publication bias. Publication bias exists in secondary research as the study relies on obtaining results from other research studies. A complete literature review is needed in order to recognize bias. A literature review can aid a scholarly learner to identify bias by reviewing articles for one-sided information and opinions, unsupported claims, inappropriate or extreme language, and presentation of highly selected facts that can lead to a particular outcome. Williams et.al., (2022) report that several databases such as the US Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) aid in limiting bias. The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) is a reliable sampling system that has not demonstrated bias even with the large sample sizes utilized. Bias can occur in sample sizes; therefore, a randomized sample size should be obtained for study purposes in order to retrieve accurate data.

Bowen, D. M., & Forrest, J. L. (2017, January). Translating research for evidence-based practice. Access, 10-14.

FitzGerald, C., & Hurst, S. (2017). Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: A systematic review. BMC Medical Ethics, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-017-0179-8 

Williams, G. W., Rihani, R., & Bui, A. (2022). HCUP databases may be helpful in limiting bias. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 135(4). https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000006107 

Sample Answer 2 for DNP 820 What effects can personal bias and beliefs have on a quality improvement project? 

What effects can personal bias and beliefs have on a quality improvement project?   

There are two types of personal bias and beliefs that are inherent in the person’s character. First, confirmation bias that occurs when a belief is formed and other publications used to confirm that belief. This takes place in-the-moment as the individual judges and weighs evidence that confirm the belief as reliable and relevant, while dismissing evidence that does not support the belief. Confirmation bias can lead to bad decision-making as some of the relevant evidence could be ignored simply because it does not support the preconceived belief (Grove & Gray, 2022).

Second, cultural bias that occurs when the individual has assumptions, about the influences and motivations, based on a cultural lens, such as assuming that all nurses or all patients will always react in a specific way. Cultural bias can support stereotypes of culture that lead to ethnic and racial profiling (Grove & Gray, 2022).

Describe secondary research and possible sources of bias. What are some useful strategies to recognize bias? 

Secondary research involves using already existing, published information/data. The researcher summarizes and collates the existing information to increase the overall research efficiency. A possible source of bias in secondary research is publication bias in which the researcher only favors publications whose findings show positive results. This would result in the research only focusing on publications that have shown a working intervention or confirmed what the researcher initially predicted (Grove & Gray, 2022).

A useful strategy for recognizing bias is to define the bias. This helps in identifying how the bias would occur thus helping in efforts to avoid the bias. There are three main types of bias. First, personal bias that is inherent in a person’s character. Second, design bias that is seen in a design process that has inherent flaws. Third, procedural bias that arbitrarily sets the research steps even if it is not the best (Schmidt & Brown, 2019).

References

Grove, S. K., & Gray, J. R. (2022). Understanding Nursing Research: Building an Evidence-Based Practice (8th ed.). Elsevier Inc.

Schmidt, N., & Brown, J. (2019). Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses: Appraisal and Application of Research (4th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC

DNP-820 Topic 3 DQ 1 Sample Answer

The two primary research articles that support the proposed intervention for my DPI project are Hilton, L., Maher, A. R., Colaiaco, B., Apaydin, E., Sorbero, M. E., Booth, M., Shanman, R. M., & Hempel, S. (2017). Meditation for posttraumatic stress: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy, 9(4), 453–460. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000180 

Gallegos, A. M., Heffner, K. L., Cerulli, C., Luck, P., McGuinness, S., & Pigeon, W. R. (2020). Effects of Mindfulness Training on Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms From a Community-Based Pilot Clinical Trial Among Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. Psychological trauma: theory, research, practice and policy, 12(8), 859. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000975 

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that can develop after exposure to a traumatic event. PTSD is characterized by four hallmark clusters of symptoms: reexperiencing, avoidance, negative cognitions or mood, and hyperarousal (American Psychiatric Association, 2018). Meditation is a mind–body technique that refers to a broad variety of practices with the general goal of training the mind through regulation of attention and/or emotion to affect body functions, symptoms, and state of being. This study aimed at synthesizing randomized controlled trials to provide data on the safety and efficacy of meditation interventions in PTSD treatment (Hilton, L. et al, 2017). 

The authors of this article aimed at assessing the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention developed for the clinical trial. The study also aimed at testing this psychophysiological model of MBSR effects on the outcomes of PTSD, trauma-related, and trauma-exposed individuals’ symptomatology. The author hypothesized that a decrease in the severity of PTSD symptoms improved self-regulation capacity among MBSR participants as a result of this intervention. The authors recommended further studies to assess the effectiveness of model-guided interventions such as MBSR in PTSD treatment and stress regulation (Gallegos, A. M, et al 2020). This study aimed at examining the impact of MBSR on mindfulness skill building and the reduction of stress symptoms among veterans with PTSD). The researcher hypothesized a reduction in these outcomes after treatment for patients who attended MBSR sessions.   

References 

American Psychiatric Association. (2018). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. 

Gallegos, A. M., Heffner, K. L., Cerulli, C., Luck, P., McGuinness, S., & Pigeon, W. R. (2020). Effects of Mindfulness Training on Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms From a Community-Based Pilot Clinical Trial Among Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. Psychological trauma: theory, research, practice and policy, 12(8), 859. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000975 

Hilton, L., Maher, A. R., Colaiaco, B., Apaydin, E., Sorbero, M. E., Booth, M., Shanman, R. M., & Hempel, S. (2017). Meditation for posttraumatic stress: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy, 9(4), 453–460. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000180