HLT 362 Summary and Descriptive Statistics 

Grand Canyon University HLT 362 Summary and Descriptive Statistics – Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University  HLT 362 Summary and Descriptive Statistics  assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for HLT 362 Summary and Descriptive Statistics                                 

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University  HLT 362 Summary and Descriptive Statistics     depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for HLT 362 Summary and Descriptive Statistics                                 

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University  HLT 362 Summary and Descriptive Statistics  is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for HLT 362 Summary and Descriptive Statistics                                 

After the introduction, move into the main part of the HLT 362 Summary and Descriptive Statistics        assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for HLT 362 Summary and Descriptive Statistics                                 

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for HLT 362 Summary and Descriptive Statistics                                 

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for HLT 362 Summary and Descriptive Statistics 

Analysis of The Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive statistics is important in revealing special data trends in a population (Mishra et al.,2019). It can be used to explore disease trends such as diabetes (Abe et al.,2021), cancer, and other conditions among populations. The analyzed data was obtained from the National Cancer Institute, lung and bronchus cancer (“National Cancer”, n.d). The data has been expressed in terms of rates per one hundred thousand. The ethnic races considered in the data include whites (includes Hispanic), Hispanic (any race), black (includes Hispanic), Asian/Pacific Islander (includes Hispanic), and American Indian/Alaska Native (Includes Hispanic). The analyzed data covered the years 2000 to 2015.

The mean data covering the sixteen years shows that the blacks had the highest rates of cancer at 70.06 while the Hispanics had the lowest rates at 31.493. Median rates for the groups included 43.85, 38.9, 71.4, 32.1 and 64.55. It is also important to explore mode as part of descriptive statistics. Only three racial groups had mode, including Asian/Pacific Islanders, Hispanics, and whites. The observed modes were 36.6, 34.1, and 65.8 respectively. Variance was also calculated, with the blacks having the largest variance of 45.42 while the Asian/Pacific Islanders had the least variance at 5.679. The black race also recorded the highest range at 21.6, followed by the American Indian/Alaska Native at 19.7. The least variance was observed in Hispanics, where a value of 9 was observed. It is observable that the black has high rates, hence there is a need to use various approaches to reduce cancer rates. One of the recommended approaches is the use of culture-tailored education (Zhou et al.,2019). Another approach is early screening (Shah et al.,2019)

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References

Abe, T., Egbuche, O., Igwe, J., Jegede, O., Wagle, B., Olanipekun, T., & Onwuanyi, A. (2021). Cardiovascular complications in COVID‐19 patients with or without diabetes mellitus. Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, 4(2), e00218. Doi: 10.1002/edm2.218

Mishra, P., Pandey, C. M., Singh, U., Gupta, A., Sahu, C., & Keshri, A. (2019). Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 22(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.4103%2Faca.ACA_157_18

National Cancer Institute. (n.d).Cancer stat facts: Lung and bronchus cancer. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html

Shah, S. C., Kayamba, V., Peek Jr, R. M., & Heimburger, D. (2019). Cancer control in low-and middle-income countries: is it time to consider screening?. Journal of Global Oncology, 5, 1-8. Doi: 10.1200/JGO.18.00200

Zhou, H., Zhang, Y., Liu, J., Yang, Y., Fang, W., Hong, S., … & Zhang, L. (2019). Education and lung cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 48(3), 743-750. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz121

American Indian / Alaska Native (includes Hispanic) Asian / Pacific Islander (includes Hispanic)    Black (includes Hispanic)   Hispanic (any race) White (includes Hispanic)           National Cancer Institute (2018) Lung and bronchus cancer. Retrieved from Janary 8, 2019 from https://seer.cancer.gov/explorer/application.php?site=47&data_type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=race&chk_sex_1=1&chk_race_5=5&chk_race_4=4&chk_race_3=3&chk_race_6=6&chk_race_2=2&chk_age_range_1=1&chk_data_type_1=1&advopt_precision=1&advopt_display=1&showDataFor=sex_1_and_age_range_1_and_data_type_1                       

Year of Diagnosis Rate per 100,000 Rate per 100,000 Rate per 100,000 Rate per 100,000 Rate per 100,000
2000 45.7 41.8 77.8 34.2 68.8
2001 47.9 41 79 34.1 68.7
2002 44.6 40.4 75.8 34.1 68
2003 50 40.9 77.3 34.5 67.1
2004 51.7 40.5 75.1 35 65.8
2005 48.7 40.2 73.7 33.8 65.9
2006 46.4 39.8 73.4 32 65.8
2007 43.1 38.8 71.2 32.7 65.2
2008 45 38.5 70.8 32.2 63.9
2009 40.1 39 71.6 31.8 63.1
2010 42.4 37 67.8 30.3 60.4
2011 39.6 36.6 64.1 29.4 58.5
2012 36.6 36.7 64.3 28.2 57.5
2013 39.9 36.6 60.5 28.8 56.3
2014 32 34 61.3 26.8 55.4
2015 38.7 34.4 57.4 26 53.2

Mean 43.275 38.5125 70.06875 31.49375 62.725
Median 43.85 38.9 71.4 32.1 64.55
Mode #N/A 36.6 #N/A 34.1 65.8
variance 27.71933333 5.679833333 45.42895833 8.399291667 26.162
Standard deviation 5.097732339 2.307562296 6.526074504 2.806124719 4.952461509
Range 19.7 7.8 21.6 9 15.6

Sample Answer 2 for HLT 362 Summary and Descriptive Statistics 

Descriptive statistics plays a critical role in data analysis and interpretation as it allows the researchers to have an insight into population trends. For instance, it can be used to study various data trends existing in conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and other chronic illnesses. Data analysis was performed for data obtained from the National Cancer Institute, lung and bronchus cancer (“National Cancer,” n.d). This data expressed various aspects of cancer prevalence in different populations. Various ethnic races have been represented in the data, including Whites (includes Hispanic), Hispanic (any race), black (includes Hispanic), Asian/Pacific Islander (includes Hispanic), and American Indian/Alaska Native (Includes Hispanic).

            The data covered a period of 16 years (from 2000 to 2015). During that time duration, the Hispanics recorded the lowest rates ( a mean of 31.493). On the other hand, the highest mean was observed among the blacks at a mean of 70.06. The observed median rates during this time frame were 64.55, 32.1, 71.4, 38.9 and 43.85. Mode values were only observed in three ethnic groups, including whites, Hispanics, and Asian/Pacific Islanders; values of 65.8, 34.1, and 36.6 were observed. The black ethnic group recorded the biggest variance of 45.42. On the other hand, the Asian/Pacific Islanders recorded the least variance (5.679). While the lowest range of 9 was observed in Hispanics, the black race recorded the largest value of 21.6. The trends in the data revealed that the black race had higher rates of cancer, which implies the need to use appropriate strategies to reduce such rates.

References

National Cancer Institute. (n.d). Cancer stat facts: Lung and bronchus cancer. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html

Sample Answer 3 for HLT 362 Summary and Descriptive Statistics 

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of central tendency are critical in the process of data analysis as they are important in showing the attributes of the variables used in the process. Some of the measures of central tendencies include mean, median, mode, maximum, minimum, frequencies, range, and standard deviation (Kaliyadan & Kulkarni, 2019). Descriptive statistics an also be applied in determining the normality of the data used as well as the viable procedures that ought to be undertaken in the process of data analysis (Amrhein, Trafimow, & Greenland, 2019). Descriptive statistics may also be used to make conclusion in the process of data analysis; however, much deeper approaches such as test of hypothesis are always required for accurate conclusions.  

The tables given below indicate the descriptive statistics for the National Cancer Institute data presented in the excel spreadsheet. The data was analyzed through the application of the Microsoft Excel functions.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 1 to 5 indicates the descriptive statistics for different races involved in the cancer study. The data or figures were recorded for every 100,000 persons. From data analysis, it is evident that the black community had the highest rates of cancer infections with the White race coming second. The above scenario has been indicated by the median and mean. Recorded under each variables in the dataset. Also, from the descriptive analysis, Hispanics had the lowest rates of cancer infections from the study. The data used in the study was collected over a period of 16 years, from the year 2000 to 2016. The highest rate of cancer infection among African Indians was 51.7 while the lowest rates was recorded as 32.    

Table 6: Measures of Variation

Table 6 given above shows the measures of variation for the descriptive statistics shown in table 1 to 5. From the analysis, the highest variation was indicated by the black race. In other words, the highest variation was recorded for the data under the black participants. The variation was recorded per every 100,000 persons for the study process. 

References

Amrhein, V., Trafimow, D., & Greenland, S. (2019). Inferential statistics as descriptive statistics: There is no replication crisis if we don’t expect replication. The American Statistician, 73(sup1), 262-270. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2018.1543137

Kaliyadan, F., & Kulkarni, V. (2019). Types of variables, descriptive statistics, and sample size. Indian dermatology online journal, 10(1), 82. Retrieved from: 10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_468_18