HP 626 Week 3 Discussion 3.1: Evaluating Capacity for Decision Making and Sexual Expression in Senior Living Discussion Questions
Regis University HP 626 Week 3 Discussion 3.1: Evaluating Capacity for Decision Making and Sexual Expression in Senior Living Discussion Questions– Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Regis University HP 626 Week 3 Discussion 3.1: Evaluating Capacity for Decision Making and Sexual Expression in Senior Living Discussion Questions assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for HP 626 Week 3 Discussion 3.1: Evaluating Capacity for Decision Making and Sexual Expression in Senior Living Discussion Questions
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Regis University HP 626 Week 3 Discussion 3.1: Evaluating Capacity for Decision Making and Sexual Expression in Senior Living Discussion Questions depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for HP 626 Week 3 Discussion 3.1: Evaluating Capacity for Decision Making and Sexual Expression in Senior Living Discussion Questions
The introduction for the Regis University HP 626 Week 3 Discussion 3.1: Evaluating Capacity for Decision Making and Sexual Expression in Senior Living Discussion Questions is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
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How to Write the Body for HP 626 Week 3 Discussion 3.1: Evaluating Capacity for Decision Making and Sexual Expression in Senior Living Discussion Questions
After the introduction, move into the main part of the HP 626 Week 3 Discussion 3.1: Evaluating Capacity for Decision Making and Sexual Expression in Senior Living Discussion Questions assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for HP 626 Week 3 Discussion 3.1: Evaluating Capacity for Decision Making and Sexual Expression in Senior Living Discussion Questions
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for HP 626 Week 3 Discussion 3.1: Evaluating Capacity for Decision Making and Sexual Expression in Senior Living Discussion Questions
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for HP 626 Week 3 Discussion 3.1: Evaluating Capacity for Decision Making and Sexual Expression in Senior Living Discussion Questions
The purpose of this discussion is to touch on the terms capacity, competency, the challenges this presents for a service provider, what I found surprising and methods that I may incorporate in evaluating capacity.
According to Boron (2020), there needs to be a distinction between competency and capacity. Capacity is about the autonomy of an individual and their ability to make their own decision. Capacity is a determined by an assessment by a clinician. There are 4 components to decision making in a capacity evaluation and they include: understanding, communicating a choice, appreciation, and reasoning; this involves asking open-ended questions (Boron, 2020). Decision making capacity can be infringed upon with dementia (Boron, 2020).
Competency is not only the capacity to make a decision about finances and such, but is the capacity to make a decision related to the personal goals of the person (Boron, 2020). This is made legal and is determined by a judge in a court of law. In straight terms, capacity is variable, but competency is black and white, yes, or no. Competency is whether or not a person can make a decision for themselves (Boron, 2020).
Sexuality in light of dementia raises many medical and ethical concerns. Inappropriate sexual behaviors are estimated to occur in 7%-25% of demented patients (Hillman, 2016). From the opposite standpoint, Eshmawey ( 2021), concludes from a study based on literature review, that sexual needs of dementia patients are still important for their well-being and cannot necessarily be separated from their lives. In spite of cognitive decline, or neurogenic processes, along with other comorbidities, sexuality is an essential part of a patient with dementia (Eshmawey, 2021).
There is a fine line in balancing an individual’s right to autonomy and privacy and protecting the individuals from harm (Hillman, 2016). Sexual consent capacity isn’t something that is determined ahead of time in writing, but is something that is decided in the present. I think these decisions have to be made over and over depending on the day and the mood and desire of the patient. Patients with dementia do have lucid moments, happy memories, and may be moved to have a close, intimate, or sexual, connection with their partner on that day.
According to an article in Hastings Center Report, which is a peer-reviewed academic journal of bioethics, writer Samuel Director states: “People with dementia are often prohibited by nursing-home staff, sometimes in extreme ways, from having sex with their partners. This prohibition is at least partly motivated by the goal of protecting the vulnerable. However, cutting people with dementia off from sex has negative health effects and is a needless restriction of their autonomy” (Director, 2023). It is his opinion that many people with dementia are competent to consent to sexual activity with their long-term partners (Director, 2023). I found this article to be surprisingly honest, putting the possible sexual desires of the patient above their diagnosis; that these individuals are not always to be treated as a vulnerable population, but as one that can, depending on the day, the mood, the occasion, make a concerted decision.
This is a most challenging situation, to be sure. According to a study by Sandberg (2020) regarding sexuality for couples with an Alzheimer diagnosis, it was concluded that intimate sexual relationships provided comfort and well-being rather than being pathological, troublesome, or inappropriate. As a health service provider, I believe that I would have to approach each situation individually, discuss it with the patient’s partner as well as the patient, come to an agreement that there will be times that they will not be interested in engaging in any type of close or intimate contact, and those times must be honored.
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References
Boron, J. B. (2020). Cognitive competence and decision-making capacity. Creighton Law Review, 53(4), 659–667.
Director, S. (2023). Dementia and concurrent consent to sexual relations. Hastings Center Report, 53(3), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1489
Eshmawey, M. (2021). Sexuality and neurodegenerative disease: an unmet challenge for patients, caregivers, and treatment. Neurodegenerative Diseases, 21(3–4), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1159/000522042
Hillman, J. (2016). Sexual consent capacity: Ethical issues and challenges in long-term care. Clinical Gerontologist, 40(1), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2016.1185488
Sandberg, L. (2020). Too late for love? Sexuality and intimacy in heterosexual couples living with an Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 38(1), 118–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2020.1750587
Sample Answer for HP 626 Week 3 Discussion 3.1: Evaluating Capacity for Decision Making and Sexual Expression in Senior Living Discussion Questions
Discuss the ethical and legal factors and professional standards of practice in evaluating a person’s decision-making capacity.
The primary moral principles include autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Autonomy describes the patient’s privilege to make choices concerning their treatment. Beneficence implies ensuring what is satisfactory for the patient and preventing harm. Justice refers to treating all patients fairly and equitably. Legal considerations include informed consent, privacy, and confidentiality. Informed consent suggests that patients have the right to be educated entirely about their therapy choices and to draw conclusions about their treatment. Privacy and confidentiality laws protect the patient’s personal and medical information. Professional nursing standards, such as those defined by the American Nurses Association (ANA), emphasize the nurse’s role in promoting patient autonomy, advocating for patients, and maintaining professional boundaries. Nurses are also expected to assess a patient’s mental capacity to make decisions, which involves evaluating their knowledge of the circumstances, the outcomes of their choices, and their ability to communicate them. Nurses must balance these ethical, legal, and professional considerations in evaluating a person’s decision-making capacity. They must respect the patient’s autonomy and rights while ensuring they are making informed decisions and protecting their safety and well-being (Varkey, 2021).
Discuss challenges you, as a service provider for aging adults, would have in evaluating a person’s capacity and how you may do this.
Capacity is not a static concept. It can change over time and can be different for different tasks. For example, a person may be able to make simple decisions but not complex ones. Capacity assessment can be subjective. Different healthcare providers may have different opinions about a person’s capacity. These can make it difficult to assess a person’s capacity accurately. Misunderstandings can occur due to language differences or cultural norms. Conditions like dementia, mental illness, or cognitive impairment can complicate capacity assessments. There can be legal implications if a person’s capacity is incorrectly assessed. Ethical dilemmas can also arise, such as respecting autonomy versus ensuring safety (Palsgaard, 2021)
Discuss what you found surprising in the readings regarding determining capacity.
Before working in healthcare, I always thought determining a patient’s capability of making a decision was a static process, meaning that once a patient is deemed incapable, they remain so. However, getting more exposure to this topic made me realize that capacity is not static but dynamic and can change over time. A patient’s capacity can fluctuate based on various factors such as their physical health, mental state, and the effects of medication. For example, a patient may lack capacity when they are extremely ill or under heavy medication but regain it once their condition improves or the effects of the medication wear off (Libby, 2023).
Propose methods in which you, as a service provider for aging adults, would incorporate capacity evaluation practices into your interaction with aging adults.
As a healthcare provider for aging adults, incorporating capacity evaluation practices into interactions is crucial. Some methods can include:
1. Regular Screening: Regular cognitive and physical screenings can help identify aging adults’ capacity changes. This could consist of memory tests, physical strength and mobility assessments, and evaluations of daily living skills.
2. Patient Interviews: During patient interviews, ask questions that assess their understanding of their illnesses and care plans. This can help estimate their capacity to make educated choices about their well-being.
3. Family and Caregiver Input: Family members and caregivers often have valuable insights into an aging adult’s capacity. Regularly communicate with them to gather information about the patient’s daily functioning and any changes they have noticed.
4. Multidisciplinary Approach: Collaborate with specialists, incorporating social workers, psychologists, and occupational therapists. These professionals can provide comprehensive assessments of an aging adult’s capacity.
5. Use of Standardized Tools: Use standardized tools like the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to assess cognitive function. 6. Informed Consent: Always ensure that aging adults understand the purpose and procedures of capacity evaluations. They should be able to make an informed decision about whether to participate (Campbell, 2021).
References
Campbell M, Stewart T, Brunkert T, Campbell-Enns H, Gruneir A, Halas G, Hoben M, Scott E, Wagg A, Doupe M.(2021). Prioritizing supports and services to help older adults age in place: A Delphi study comparing the perspectives of family/friend care partners and healthcare stakeholders. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259387.
Libby C, Wojahn A, Nicolini J, et al.(2023). Competency and Capacity. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532862/
Palsgaard P, Maino Vieytes C, Peterson N, Francis S, Monroe-Lord L, Sahyoun N, Ventura-Marra M, Weidauer L, Xu F, Arthur A.(2022). Healthcare Professionals’ Views and Perspectives Towards Aging. Doi: 10.3390/ijerph192315870.
Varkey B.(2021). Principles of Clinical Ethics and Their Application to Practice. Doi: 10.1159/000509119.