MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability

Chamberlain University MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability– Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Chamberlain University MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability   assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability              

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Chamberlain University MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability  depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability              

The introduction for the Chamberlain University MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability  is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability              

After the introduction, move into the main part of the MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability              

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability              

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability

In order to gather the following data, I asked fellow family members and friends what their dominant hand was. It resulted in the following table:

1. If a person is randomly selected from the survey participants, what is the probability that the person will be left-handed?
   1. 9/30 participants were left-handed.
   1. Probability: 9/30= 0.30
   1. If you randomly choose a female from the people you surveyed, what is the probability that she is left-handed?
      1. 19/30 participants were female. Of those who were female 4/19 were left-handed.
      1. Probability: 4/19= 0.21
   1. What is the odds ratio of choosing a left-handed female?

1. (4/5)/(15/6)= 0.32

• What is the relative risk of choosing a left-handed female?
  • [4/(4+15)]/[5/(5+6)] = (4/19)/(5/11)
  • Relative Risk= 0.46

I skimmed through the first article linked in our discussion “Being a Lefty is All Right” according to Orr, 2001 10 to 13% of the world’s population is left-handed. I thought this was a fairly small percentage, but it is even smaller than in the sample I collected. This is not unexpectedly however, as the law of large numbers states “as our sample size increases the probability found in the sample size will be closer to the expected outcome” (Week 4 Lesson: Probability in Everyday Life, 2021). According to Mwaniki, 2018 10-12% of the world’s population is left-handed and of those who are left-handed, men are 23% more likely to be than women. The fact of men being more likely than women to be left-handed also held true in my sample study.

Brennaa Sullivan

References:

Mwaniki, A., (2018). What Percentage of The World Population Are Left Handed? World Atlas. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-percentage-of-the-world-population-are-left-handed.htmlLinks to an external site.

Orr, T., (2001). Being a lefty is all right! Current Health. 28(2):12-13.

Week 4 Lesson: Probability in Everyday Life. (2021). Chamberlain University. https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/75447/pages/week-4-lesson-probability-in-everyday-life?module_item_id=10306877

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Sample Answer 2 for MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability

A Probability Unit involves Vocabulary and concepts that most of you are probably less familiar with than say for example some of the material and info that we studied and learned about in Weeks 1-3 of the course.

Some of the Vocabulary that we will encounter during Week 4 of the course includes sample space, event, Tree Diagram, Venn Diagram, mutually exclusive, disjoint, complement, complementary events, conditional probability, independence, dependence, probability, odds, and much more !!

Please see the slides just below for some more info on a few of these concepts.  Two of the slides below involve what are called Venn Diagrams.

Note that “mutually exclusive” and “disjoint” are synonyms – they mean exactly the same thing.

The union of an event and its complement is sometimes called the “universe.”

That reminds me that union and intersection are also important concepts in Week 4 .        😉

One basic thing to always keep in mind about probabilities is that probabilities are NOT percentages.

So you have to resist the temptation to ever refer to a probability as a percentage even though you might see that done all over the general internet at large, and even in Academic Textbooks, and even perhaps in our own online text book, and even perhaps in places in our course shell / template here.

Another thing to remember about a probability is that a probability is no smaller than 0 and no larger than 1 .

Another way of saying that is to say that probabilities are never negative and probabilities are never larger than 1 .

You will see some but not all of the things that I have written here reinforced on the slides just below.

Thanks Friends and Good Luck during Week 4 !!

Sample Answer 3 for MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability

Factorials, permutations, and combinations are not emphasized much in this course but just in case you get a question about any of those three things anywhere in the Week 4 Knewton Homework, we have these slides here to help you out and guide you and assist you with that.

The fundamental and foundational formulas for permutations and respectively combinations are on the second and fifth slides below.

We have examples of working out problems and exercises involving factorials, permutations, and combinations on the slides below as well.

Note that these three things are particularly easy to type into a TI 84+ graphing calculator and the calculator automatically and immediately provides the answer to the calculation.

Working out these calculations without a TI 84+ is demonstrated just below here.

Thanks Friends and Best Wishes !!

You get presented with a lot of little, disparate, seemingly salad bowl bunch of concepts and items in Week 4 of this course, and the idea and concept of factorials is one of those items.

You will notice much stronger and much tighter “themes” in each of Weeks 5-8 of the course.

My results were a little different then yours. I had more left handed females then males. Of course I took my results from Facebook friends and the majority are female, so my results were from a limited source and primarily genetically mostly one sex. What I was surprised by, was when I read our article for this discussion from 2001 and then researched an article from 2019, the results were the same. For some reason I had it in my head that with our constant population boost, we would have seen an increase in left-handed people, yet it held steady at 10% world-wide.

Sample Answer 4 for MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability

To be honest, I am struggling with this week’s concept, so hopefully this post is somewhat accurate. Below is a contingency table I created to further evaluate 30 people surveyed, male/female, left handed/right handed. I asked 30 coworkers what their dominant hand was and the table displays the results.

1. If a person is randomly selected from the survey participants, what is the probability that the person will be left-handed?
   1. P= (A+C)/(A+B+C+D)
   2. P= 10/30
   3. P= 0.33
2. If you randomly choose a female from the people you surveyed, what is the probability that she is left-handed?
   1. P= (A)/ (A+B)
   2. P= 6/ 17
   3. P= 0.35
3. What is the odds ratio of choosing a left-handedfemale?
   1. P= (A/B) / (C/D)
   2. P= (6/11) / (4/ 9)
   3. P= 0.54 / 0.44
   4. P= 1.23
4. What is the relative risk of choosing a left-handed female? 
   1. P= [A / (A+C)] / [B / (B+D)]
   2. P= [ 6 / (6+4)] / [11 / (11+ 9)]
   3. P= [ 6 / 10] / [ 11 / 20]
   4. P= 0.6 / 0.55
   5. P= 1.09

I read the first article in the assignment “Being a left is all right!” and surprisingly, it mentioned that only 10 to 13 percent of world’s population is left handed. At first glance, this number seems very small, especially in comparison with my project’s number of 33%. Our textbook helps to explain this a bit, clarifying the Law of Large Numbers, essentially stating that the larger the or sample size, the greater the chance the probability will be to the expected outcome (Holmes, Dean, & Illowsky, 2017.) While reading more about law of numbers, I found that it was first proved by a mathematician in 1713 in Sweden. For some reason, I find it bizarre that this statistical theory has been around for so long!

Holmes, A., Dean, S., & Illowsky, B. (2017, November 29). 3.1 Terminology – Introductory Business Statistics. Retrieved January 25, 2021, from https://openstax.org/books/introductory-business-statistics/pages/3-1-terminology?query=law+of+large+numbers&target=%7B%22index%22%3A0%2C%22type%22%3A%22search%22%7D#eip-664

 Orr TB. Being a lefty is all right! Current Health 2. 2001 10;28(2):12-3.

Routledge, R. (2016, October 12). Law of large numbers. Retrieved January 25, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/science/law-of-large-numbers