NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 1 – Applying Ethical Principles

Capella University NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 1 – Applying Ethical Principles – Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Capella University  NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 1 – Applying Ethical Principles  assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 1 – Applying Ethical Principles 

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Capella University  NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 1 – Applying Ethical Principles   depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for  NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 1 – Applying Ethical Principles  

The introduction for the Capella University  NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 1 – Applying Ethical Principles   is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for  NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 1 – Applying Ethical Principles 

After the introduction, move into the main part of the  NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 1 – Applying Ethical Principles   assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for  NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 1 – Applying Ethical Principles  

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for  NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 1 – Applying Ethical Principles  

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 1 – Applying Ethical Principles

APA Style Paper Template: A Resource for Academic Writing

Nurses practice in highly challenging environments that are characterized by the increased risk of ethical issues and dilemmas. Nurses are required to utilize ethical decision-making approaches to ensure that the patient’s right to quality, safe and efficient care is provided. Organizational situations however predispose nurses to issues that raise ethical conflicts with others. For instance, the lack of effective organizational structures and policies that safeguard the needs of the patients increase the risk of ethical dilemmas in nursing practice. Therefore, this essay examines the application of the different models of ethical making and develops a solution that could have been used to address the issues in the case study.

Summary of the Facts in the Case Study

The selected case study for analysis is “Incident 9: The Missing Needle Protector.” The case study is about a patient safety issue. The case study focuses on a surgery that Dr. Cutrie conducted and it is suspected that a needle protector remained in situ following the surgery. A recount performed after a week revealed that the plastic needle protector was missing, leading to suspicion that it might have been left in the patient’s abdomen. The only solution at the moment of discovery was to take the patient to the theater for a reassessment and determination of whether the plastic needle was left or not. In doing this, the administration of the hospital in collaboration with the management team was to lie to the patient that they wanted to check the incision and deep suture. However, the patient has already been discharged home. The supervisor already talked with the surgeon, Dr. Cutrite, who said that nothing could be done. Dr. Cutrite affirmed that the plastic syringe protector could not possibly hurt the patient except for some discomfort. The surgeon also affirmed that the patient would not know about the left object. The chief of surgery held similar assertions, as he did not want to confront Dr. Cutrite. Therefore, this experience and issues surrounding it raises significant ethical concerns and principles that should be considered in healthcare practice.

As noted above, the case study involves the Hopewell Hospital, Dr. Cutrite (surgeon), E. L. Straight (director of clinical services), the operating room supervisor, Mrs. Jameson (the patient), scrub nurse, and chief of surgery. In applying the ethical decision-making model, nurses must consider the three steps of analyzing ethical situations that include moral awareness, moral judgment, and ethical behavior. Moral awareness entails the identification of the fact that a situation has a moral issue. Moral awareness arises from the individual experience of the feeling that something is wrong. Moral awareness also begins when a person discovers that a violation of ethical principles has occurred in practice.  Moral awareness can be seen in the case study from the actions of the operating room supervisor. The supervisor discovered the missing plastic syringe and reported the issue because he felt that failing to act could threaten the health of the patient. The supervisor therefore took the responsibility of informing the director of clinical services about the safety issue. The actions by other actors in the case study that include the scrub nurse, surgeon and chief of surgery also demonstrate moral awareness. These actors were all aware of the risk of the plastic syringe being left in situ. However, they failed to take action to ensure it is addressed.

Moral judgment is the second step in ethical decision-making. Moral judgment refers to the process where an individual decides whether to take action or not in relation to standards of rightness or goodness. The perceived outcomes of a decision influence whether an individual will take an action or not. Moral judgment can be seen in the actions taken by the key actors in the case study. The operating room supervisor utilized moral judgment in decision to report the safety issue to the director of the clinical services. It can be seen from the supervisor’s action that his aim was to promote rightness and goodness of the patient. The surgeon, scrub nurse, and chief of surgery however chose to take no action despite being aware of the safety issue. Their inaction could be attributed to their perceived consequences of the error on their professional practice. For instance, it can be seen from the case study that the inaction from these personnel could be attributed to the legal consequences of their fault in patient care. Ethical behavior focuses on the selection of the most fair and appropriate decision to address the issue in the case study. The operating room supervisor demonstrated ethical behavior in responding to the safety issue. The decision to report the issue demonstrates integrity, honesty, and fairness in the protection and promotion of patient health and safety in the organization. The other healthcare providers that include the chief surgeon, surgeon and the scrub nurse did not demonstrate ethical behaviors due to their inaction (Ulutasdemir, 2018). Therefore, a direct correlation exists between the three steps of ethical decision-making.

A number of factors contributed to the issues in the case study. One of them is the lack of patient safety policies in the hospital. Patient safety policies such as recounting equipment at the end of the procedures could have led to the identification of the problem. The second factor is the existence of poor communication between the management and the staffs. The director of clinical services is aware about the declining quality of care that Dr. Cutrite offers. However, he has not taken any action, worsening or predisposing the patients to safety issues further. The director also does not want to confront the surgeon. The other factor is the lack of departmental procedures to promote patient safety. The lack of clear procedures to be used in the theatre following surgeries increased the risk of the problem. Cumulatively, these factors led to the identified ethical issue.

Case Study Analysis

Promoting patient safety in the operating room is critical for not only nurses but also other healthcare providers too. Patient safety entails the minimization of the possibility or risk of safety issues pre, intra, or post-operatively (Badr et al., 2020). Often, the care given in the operating rooms are invasive, require inter-disciplinary collaboration, and depend on individual performance. The aforementioned characteristics of care increase the risk of safety issues in practice. Health organizations must therefore implement safety initiatives to protect the needs of the patients in the operation room (Ahmed, 2017). As noted in the article by Gutierres et al., (2018), there is the increased need for health organizations and providers to embrace interventions that include active engagement of the multiprofessional teams in the care process, creation of patient safety culture, development of checklists for safe surgery, and improvement in interpersonal communication. There is also the need for individual continuity in professional development and the organizational initiatives to promote continued education (Gutierres et al., 2018). According to Robinson (2016), interventions such as peri and post-operative hand-off communication can reduce the occurrence of the issues in the case study by increasing the timely recognition issues related to care that can affect the patient’s recovery. Consequently, these interventions minimize the risk of patient safety issues in the operation room.

Effectiveness of Communication in the Case Study

Effective communication is important for the promotion of patient safety. Effective communication entails the healthcare providers being able to share their ideas and concerns freely for the improvement of quality and safety of care. The effectiveness of communication demonstrated by those involved in the case study varied. For example, the communication used by operating room supervisor was effective. The supervisor used the right channel of communication to raise the clinical issue. The supervisor was keen to report the increased risk of safety concern with the care that the patient received. The director of hospital, scrub nurse, chief of surgery, and Dr. Cutrite demonstrated poor communication. The director of the hospital has never taken any action including informing Dr. Cutrite about his declining performance in the provision of care. The director also failed in initiating the right responsive actions to address the issue. The director of surgery and Dr. Cutrite demonstrated poor communication by failing to propose an effective solution to the case. The scrub nurse also demonstrated poor communication by failing to raise the alarm after the surgery about the missing equipment.

A number of communication approaches could have been used in the case study. One of them is encouraging open communication. Those involved in the case study should have been given the freedom to express their concerns. Open communication allows for facilitative and constructive discussions on ways of improving care in the unit . Assertive communication could have also eliminated the issues identified in the case study. Assertive communication ensures that nurses become patient advocates. Assertiveness ensures that nurses and other healthcare providers demonstrate honesty in their relationship with others (Ulutasdemir, 2018). The scrub nurse could have utilized assertive communication in raising the discrepancies in surgical counts after the procedure. Effective communication is associated with a number of outcomes. They include enhanced safety of care, improved efficiency, patient satisfaction, and improved adherence to treatment. Effective communication also strengthens inter-professional collaboration, creates the desired organizational culture, and reduces the risk of morbidity and mortalities in healthcare (Abdolrahimi et al., 2017). Communication approaches that should be avoided in the clinical settings include authoritative communication, use of medical jargons that might be new to others and lack of attention to others’ perceptions towards care. Non-effective communication approaches have been shown to increase the risk of safety issues, patient and provider dissatisfaction with care, poor treatment adherence from the patients, and the mortality and morbidity rates in health organizations (Tiwary et al., 2019).

Effectiveness of the Approaches used in the Case Study

The effectiveness of the approaches used by the professionals in the case study varies. The operating room supervisor demonstrated effective professional responsibility in the actions he took. The supervisor informed the hospital director about the issue and the need for an action to be taken. The hospital director, scrub nurse, director of surgery, and Dr. Cutrite however did not demonstrate professionalism in responding to the case. The hospital director informed the director of surgery about the issue but failed to explore an effective course of action. Dr. Cutrite demonstrated inaction by failing to provide an effective solution to address the issue. The scrub nurse did not uphold the stated professional obligations by failing to notify the team on time about the missing equipment. Therefore, this case study has a number of lessons that can influence nursing and healthcare as a whole. The first lesson is the importance of inter-professional communication. Effective inter-professional communication that is characterized by openness and honesty should be promoted in practice. The case study also raises the need for effective organizational culture. The culture should promote patient safety and efficiency in healthcare. Lastly, it raises the need for professional responsibility from the healthcare providers.

Applying Ethical Principles to Develop a Possible Solution

Ethical principles of justice, non-maleficence, benevolence, autonomy, and justice should be considered in selecting the appropriate solution to the case study. The most appropriate decision that should be adopted as it incorporates these principles is recalling the patient for further assessment. The decision promotes the principle of beneficence by ensuring that care decisions that protect the best interest of the patients are made. The decision will demonstrate kindness and caring attitude in the organization. The principle of beneficence will therefore be promoted since the decision to recall the patient would do good to her. The decision also promotes the principle of non-maleficence. Non-maleficence entails the provision of care that is associated with no harm to the patient. Recalling the patient will safeguard this principle by eliminating any possible complications should it be found that the missing plastic syringe was left in the body of the patient. The decision to recall the patient will also promote the principle of justice. Justice entails the promotion of fairness in the treatment process. The healthcare providers and organization will demonstrate fairness in ensuring that the patient’s health and wellbeing is promoted by recalling her for further assessment. Lastly, the decision to recall the patient will promote the principle of autonomy. Autonomy entails ensuring patients have the right to make informed decisions (Ulutasdemir, 2018). The assessment findings will therefore enable the patient to make informed decisions on whether the missing plastic should be left in the body or not and the actions to take following the disclosure of the safety issue.

Summary and Conclusion

The selected case study is associated with a number of ethical issues. It can be seen from the analysis that several factors contributed to the issues identified in the case study. As a result, it is important that effective culture be created in the organization. The culture should focus on the promotion of patient safety, open communication, operational efficiency, and active stakeholder engagement in the provision of care. The focus on these aspects of care will eliminate the future risk of patient safety issues in the hospital.

References

Abdolrahimi, M., Ghiyasvandian, S., Zakerimoghadam, M., & Ebadi, A. (2017). Therapeutic communication in nursing students: A Walker & Avant concept analysis. Electronic Physician, 9(8), 4968–4977. https://doi.org/10.19082/4968

Ahmed, A. (2017). Safety Measures and Intraoperative Orthopedic Surgeries. Alexandria Scientific Nursing Journal, 19(1), 75–90.

Badr, H. E., AlFadalah, T., & El-Jardali, F. (2020). Towards promoting patient safety practices: Baseline assessment of patient safety culture in three private hospitals. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 13(3), 207–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2017.1390958

Gutierres, L. de S., Santos, J. L. G. dos, Peiter, C. C., Menegon, F. H. A., Sebold, L. F., Erdmann, A. L., Gutierres, L. de S., Santos, J. L. G. dos, Peiter, C. C., Menegon, F. H. A., Sebold, L. F., & Erdmann, A. L. (2018). Good practices for patient safety in the operating room: Nurses’ recommendations. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 71, 2775–2782. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0449

Robinson, N. L. (2016). Promoting Patient Safety With Perioperative Hand-off Communication. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 31(3), 245–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2014.08.144

Tiwary, A., Rimal, A., Paudyal, B., Sigdel, K. R., & Basnyat, B. (2019). Poor communication by health care professionals may lead to life-threatening complications: Examples from two case reports. Wellcome Open Research, 4. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15042.1

Ulutasdemir, N. (2018). Nursing. BoD – Books on Demand. 

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