NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1
Capella University NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1 – Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Capella University NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1 assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Capella University NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1 depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1
The introduction for the Capella University NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1 is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
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How to Write the Body for NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1 assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1
Medication errors happen every day in all areas of healthcare varying in severity from no harm to death of a patient. To prevent medication errors from occurring several safeguards have been put into place over the years. Some of these safeguards include but are not limited to, the five rights of administration, pyxis machines, patient and medication scanning using barcodes to verify correct patient to correct medication, electronic medical records, color coding, and compatibility applications. Unfortunately to error is human and even with all the technological advances most medication errors boil down to mistakes made by the human, also known as the medical professional.
As a nurse who works in both the Emergency Department (ED) and the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) working daily with many high risk and potentially deadly medications, I rely heavily on safeguards preventing medication errors. Unfortunately, the ED and ICU are both extremely intense hostile environments that rely heavily on the nurse to have quick critical thinking, experience and knowledge of several emergent medications and require safeguards to be bypassed to save lives with no time to lose, significantly increasing the chance of medication errors, making this topic near and dear to my heart.
Identifying Peer Reviewed Articles
To identify peer reviewed articles, I first went to the Capella University Online Library and used Summon to search for articles pertaining to medication errors. The keywords used for this search were “medication errors,” “medication safety,” and “Intensive Care Unit”. Then, I narrowed the search by selecting publication dates within the last five years written in English, narrowed the discipline to nursing, limited the search to only items with full text and have per reviewed publications and excluded newspaper articles and book reviews.
Credibility and Relevance of Information Sources
By using the summon search engine and narrowing the search to less than 50 peer reviewed articles I was able to choose four peer reviewed articles relevant to medication errors and medication safety in relation to administration, written within the last 5 years by confirmed reputable authors.
Annotated Bibliography
Magalhães, A., Kreling, A., Chaves, E., Pasin, S., & Castilho, B. (2019). Medication administration – nursing workload and patient safety in clinical wards. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 72(1), 183–189. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0618 This article looks at the advances made in medication administration with the employment of the five right of medication administration and technology and goes on to explain how the five rights is not enough to prevent all medication errors and how the nurses on certain units are overloaded with the number of patients they have in relation to time spent giving medications and care. “Forty percent of the nursing time in clinical wards is estimated to be associated with drug administration, and work overload is a factor that contributes to the occurrence of errors in this process.” (Magalhães et al., 2019, para. 4). The study in the article points out many of the ways medication errors can happen, from placing the order, to transcription in pharmacy, to preparing of the med and describes how nursing is the last line of defense in the process to identify and intervene before the error reaches the patient. The findings of this article are relevant to medication errors in that it points out many avenues in which errors may occur to find ways to reduce errors in the future and increase patient safety.
Manzo, B., Brasil, C., Reis, F., Corrêa, A., Simão, D., & Leite Costa, A. (2019). Safety in drug administration: Research on nursing practice and circumstances of errors. Enfermería Global, 18(4), 19–56. https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.18.4.344881 This article discusses major challenges in health services that put the patients at risk in relation to medication errors and concentrates on the importance of identifying the process of preventing medication errors, the ability to report the error, and identify how these errors may occur in order to provide better care and decrease errors. “The first step in preventing health error is to admit that it is possible and, from this, health professionals need to understand the types of adverse events, their causes, consequences and contributing factors.” (Manzo et al., 2019, p. 48). This article also points out how the nurses are the last line of defense to identify med errors and intervene before error occurs pushing the importance of education to nurses on drug preparation and administration that aims at reducing medication errors.
Mieiro, D., Oliveira, É., Fonseca, R., Mininel, V., Zem-Mascarenhas, S., & Machado, R. (2019). Strategies to minimize medication errors in emergency units: An integrative review. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 72(suppl 1), 307–314. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0658 This article investigates many roles involved medication administration errors as a multidisciplinary process and concludes that there are several areas of concern and in need of greater investigation to come up with better strategies to reduce errors. (Mieiro et al., 2019) discusses nursing being the last link in the administration process responsible for preparing and administering error free with strong emphasis that error is possible at any level of the process, all with different forms of consequences. This article finds education, organization, and new technology to be strategies to minimize medication errors.
Plutínská, Z., & Plevová, I. (2019). Measures to prevent medication errors in intensive care units. Central European Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 10(2), 1059–1067. https://doi.org/10.15452/cejnm.2019.10.0014 “Medication errors in the ICU have far greater risk potential than those in general wards.” (Plutínská & Plevová, 2019, p. 1059). This article concentrates specifically on Intensive Care Units (ICU) and talks about the increased risk of errors given the populations declining condition and rapid changes in health requiring immediate intervention. ICU patients typically require higher amounts of medications, weight-based medications, continuous intravenous medications, and mostly medications that require constant supervision and titration in precise amounts. They speak of the workload to the nurse expected vs the number of patients they are required to care for in a given day at the same time. The authors of this article believe a few possible solutions to reduce medication errors are to employ full time pharmacist for the ICU’s, limit interruptions of the nurse during medication administration, and educate nurses on medications, adverse effects, importance of knowing patient background and what they are taking each med for.
Learnings from Annotated Bibliography
I’ve learned from all four articles above that medication errors are caused for numerous reasons and cannot be identified as just one singular issue. Each article has similar findings in that the nurses need further education to include medication administration policies, the importance of knowing what a particular medication is used for and what their possible adverse effects may be, including knowing the patient histories and how it applies to the medication being administered. All the articles above speak of the importance of the five rights of medication administration and how it alone cannot prevent all medication errors but is helpful in reduction of errors in combination with several other interventions starting at placing the order to the final line of defense being the nurses.
As a critical care and emergency nurse of 13 years I fully agree with articles above and have fallen victim to some of the med error issues listed above, with distraction, being rushed, and number one issue of being completely overworked in an already hostile environment with completely ridiculous patient to nurse ratios. I for one would like to see better medication error preventions put into place for not only the safety of the patient but for the nurses as well.
Over the years I’ve felt like there was not enough emphasis on environmental factors of medication administration and that there was too much emphasis and dependence on the technology side of medication administration. For example, the order is not able to program the pump just as the pump is not able to read the order, both rely on the nurse. The above articles enhanced my knowledge of medication errors and administration by allowing me to realize that people do in fact see that technology is not a cure all and there are people trying to identify solutions for the human side of administration with better ratios, less distractions, and more education in combination with the five rights, experience, and technology.
Sample Answer 2 for NHS-FPX4000 Medication Errors Assessment 2-1
The promotion of safety, quality, and efficiency is important in nursing practice. Nurses adopt evidence-based interventions to achieve these outcomes in their practice. Issues such as medication errors affect the safety and quality of care that patients receive. Therefore, this paper is an annotation bibliography of best practices to address medication errors in nursing and healthcare.
Selected Healthcare Problem
The selected healthcare issue is medication errors. A medication error refers to any preventable event that may result in inappropriate use of medication or patient harm while the medication is under the control of a patient, healthcare professional, or a consumer. Medication errors can occur in any step of patient care including ordering, documenting, transcribing, dispensing, and administering. The types of medication errors include expired products, incorrect duration, preparation, strength, rate, timing, dose, and patient action (Tariq et al., 2023).
I am interested in the topic of medication errors because of its population and impact on nursing practice. According to Salar et al. (2020), medication errors rank sixth in causing deaths in America after car accidents, diabetes mellitus, renal diseases, breast cancer, and influenza. The statistics show that the prevalence rate of medication errors is 32.1% to 94%. Medication errors contribute to undesired health outcomes such as patient harm, increased care costs, prolonged hospitalization, and even death. Nurses are prone to committing medication errors because of their main role being medication administration. Up to 40% of the nurses’ time entails medication administration. This increases the need for nurses to embrace evidence-based interventions to reduce and prevent the occurrence of medication errors (Salar et al., 2020). I have experienced medication errors as a nurse. I have experienced a case where a physician made an error in ordering dosage of an adult patient for a child.
Assessing Credibility
The articles by Alrabadi et al. (2021), Irajpour et al. (2019), Mieiro et al. (2019), and Salar et al. (2020) are peer-reviewed. Experts in nursing and healthcare authored them. The publications are current. They were published over the last five years. The information contained in the articles is relevant. It applies to the current practice in nursing.
Annotated Bibliography
Irajpour, A., Farzi, S., Saghaei, M., & Ravaghi, H. (2019). Effect of interprofessional education of medication safety program on the medication error of physicians and nurses in the intensive care units. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 8, 196. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_200_19
The study by Irajpour et al. (2019) investigated the effect of the interprofessional education of medication safety on medication errors committed by nurses and physicians in the ICUs. The study adopted a quasi-experimental study design where 50 participants were included in the research. Data collection was done using two-section self-made questionnaires. The approaches to data analysis entailed the use of descriptive and analytical statistics. The study results showed that the implementation of the interprofessional education of medication safety program resulted in the significant reduction in the medication errors in the post-implementation period as compared to before implementation. The authors of the study concluded that the provision of interprofessional education improves interprofessional collaboration and patient care, which improves medication error rate and patient safety. This article was included because it provides insights into the effectiveness of education and training of the healthcare providers on the prevention and reduction of medication errors.
Alrabadi, N., Shawagfeh, S., Haddad, R., Mukattash, T., Abuhammad, S., Al-rabadi, D., Abu Farha, R., AlRabadi, S., & Al-Faouri, I. (2021). Medication errors: A focus on nursing practice. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, 12(1), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmaa025
The study by Alrabadi et al. (2021) reviews literature on medication errors in nursing. The researchers undertook a literature search on databases that include Google Scholar and PubMed to obtain the needed articles. The review of literature revealed the different classifications of medication errors, types, outcomes, reporting errors and the strategies that nurses can adopt to prevent medication errors. The evidence-based strategies identified from the review for use in the prevention of medication errors include provision of education and training, use of standardized procedures and independent double checks, following the five rights, keeping lines of communication open, following guidelines, and documentation. The additional strategies include improving labelling and packaging format for drugs, improving work environment, avoiding distractions, enhancing nurses’ job security, and supporting and revising processes of medication error reporting. The authors conclude that prevention of medication errors is possible in nursing with the adoption of best practices. This article was included in the annotation because it provides crucial insights into a range of strategies to prevent and reduce medication errors in nursing and healthcare.
Salar, A., Kiani, F., & Rezaee, N. (2020). Preventing the medication errors in hospitals: A qualitative study. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 13, 100235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100235
Salar et al. (2020) conducted a qualitative study that identified ways of preventing medication errors in hospital wards in Iran. The researchers obtained data from 1 physician and 16 nurses between August 2019 and March 2020. The methods utilized included participant selection using purposive sampling, data collected using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis used in data analysis. The results of the study showed that participants echoed the use of interventions that include acting professionally and exploring technical strategies to prevent and reduce medication errors. The authors concluded that medication errors can arise from several causes. However, adopting control systems and nurses acting professionally can help reduce and prevent medication errors in nursing. The article was included in the review since it provides evidence-based strategies to prevent medication errors.
Mieiro, D. B., Oliveira, É. B. C. de, Fonseca, R. E. P. da, Mininel, V. A., Zem-Mascarenhas, S. H., & Machado, R. C. (2019). Strategies to minimize medication errors in emergency units: An integrative review. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 72, 307–314. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0658
Mieiro et al. (2019) conducted an integrated review that assessed the strategies that nursing teams use to minimize medication errors in the emergency units. The researchers undertook a search for relevant literature from databases that included PubMed, Cochrane, Bdenf, and LILACS databases. The analysis of data showed that medication errors can be prevented and reduced using strategies that included educational strategies, organizational, and incorporation of new technologies into the medication processes. The specific interventions in these categories include creating multidisciplinary committees to explore medication error prevention, conducting campaigns, developing protocols, and use of computerized systems for prescription and barcode systems for medication administration. The authors concluded that these strategies are effective in minimizing medication errors, hence, the need for their adoption in healthcare settings. The article was included since it provides information about evidence-based strategies for medication error prevention.
Summary
Overall, I have learnt from the annotated review that medication errors are preventable in nursing and healthcare. I learnt that the problem can be addressed by transforming the existing systems and processes in the organization. Some of the best practices to minimize and prevent medication errors include education and training, organizational-targeted strategies such as developing protocols, and adopting new technologies to guide medication error prevention. The additional strategies to minimize and prevent medication errors include nurses acting professionally and implementing control systems in healthcare. The selected sources enhanced my understanding of the nurses’ roles in selecting evidence-based strategies to prevent and minimize medication errors. Therefore, I believe that implementing them in my practice will improve outcomes.
References
Alrabadi, N., Shawagfeh, S., Haddad, R., Mukattash, T., Abuhammad, S., Al-rabadi, D., Abu Farha, R., AlRabadi, S., & Al-Faouri, I. (2021). Medication errors: A focus on nursing practice. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, 12(1), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmaa025
Irajpour, A., Farzi, S., Saghaei, M., & Ravaghi, H. (2019). Effect of interprofessional education of medication safety program on the medication error of physicians and nurses in the intensive care units. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 8, 196. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_200_19
Mieiro, D. B., Oliveira, É. B. C. de, Fonseca, R. E. P. da, Mininel, V. A., Zem-Mascarenhas, S. H., & Machado, R. C. (2019). Strategies to minimize medication errors in emergency units: An integrative review. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 72, 307–314. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0658
Salar, A., Kiani, F., & Rezaee, N. (2020). Preventing the medication errors in hospitals: A qualitative study. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 13, 100235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100235
Tariq, R. A., Vashisht, R., Sinha, A., & Scherbak, Y. (2023). Medication Dispensing Errors And Prevention. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519065/