NR 507 Week 5: Discussion
Chamberlain University NR 507 Week 5: Discussion– Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Chamberlain University NR 507 Week 5: Discussion assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NR 507 Week 5: Discussion
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Chamberlain University NR 507 Week 5: Discussion depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NR 507 Week 5: Discussion
The introduction for the Chamberlain University NR 507 Week 5: Discussion is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
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How to Write the Body for NR 507 Week 5: Discussion
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NR 507 Week 5: Discussion assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NR 507 Week 5: Discussion
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NR 507 Week 5: Discussion
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for NR 507 Week 5: Discussion
The condition for the NR 507 Week 5: Discussion case is diverticula, the marble size out pouching of the colon, has a prevalence rate of between 42% and 60% in the United States with a mean age of 55 years old (Kaise et al., 2019). The report noted that nearly 80% of cases developed between the descending and the sigmoid colon. Kaise et al. noted conversely, that in Asian countries, prevalence of diverticula is lower overall and when present most often originates between the cecum and the ascending colon (2019). The article noted that colonic diverticular bleeding is a leading cause of mortality in the elderly with co-morbidities. Nearly 25% of patients with colonic diverticula develop symptoms (Barbaro et al., 2022). The article noted that most often these symptoms occur without inflammation and are termed uncomplicated diverticular disease or diverticulosis. Barbara et al. noted that the pathophysiology of diverticulosis involved both epigenetic and microbiota changes (2022). The article noted that diverticulitis occurs in 1% of patients with colonic diverticular disease. Diverticulitis develops when the diverticulum is obstructed by fecal matter leading to inflammation (Barbaro et al., 2022). With diverticulosis, the injury is often more localized to affected diverticulum segment versus the inflammation of diverticulum and adjacent areas seen with diverticulitis (Kruis et al., 2022). Per this article, the most common complications of diverticulitis including bleeding, perforation, fistulas and abscesses which can occur in patterns of remission and relapse. Kruis et al, noted that physical examination, laboratory testing and CT scans help differentiate between diverticulosis and diverticulitis (2022).
With our case scenario, we have an elderly patient with a history of diverticular disease relapse. Clinical findings of acute diverticulitis include the symptoms of malaise, positive occult blood, low grade fever, and vomiting. Risk factors for diverticulitis include advancing age, a BMI >30, sedentary lifestyles and a diet low in fiber (Lukosiene et al, 2021). The article also noted that other risk factors included increased bowel frequency and tenesmus. Lukosiene et al. noted that sex difference, NSAID use, smoking, and alcohol consumption were not associated with increased risk (2021). Our case involved an elderly female. No data was provided on weigh, height, activity level, nor diet.
A review of five random control trial studies found treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis with or without antibiotics to have similar outcomes while the rate of emergency surgery within 30 days of treatment was lower when no antibiotic was administered (Dichman et al., 2022). Our case study involved a complicated diverticulitis due to hemorrhage. Antibiotics are therefore recommended and required. IV fluids are indicated because of signs of dehydration and compromised health status.
References:
Barbaro, M., Cremon, C., Fischi, D., Marasco, G., Palmobo, M., Stanghellini, V. & Barbara, G. (2022). Pathophysiology of diverticular disease : from diverticular formation to symptom generation. Internal Journal of Molecular Science, 23(12), 6698. DOI: 10.3390/ ijms23126698
Dichman, M. L., Rsenstaock, S. & Shabanzadeh, D. (2022). Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis. Cochrane Library, 2022(6). https://doi.org/Links to an external site. 10.1002/14651858.CD009092.pub3
Kaise, M., Negate, N.,Ishii, N., Omari, J., Goto, O. & Iwakiri, K., (2019). Epidemiology of conic diverticula and recent advances in the management of colonic diverticular bleeding. Digestive Endoscopy, 32(2), 240 – 250. https://doi-Links to an external site. org.chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/10/1111/den.13547Links to an external site.
Kruis, W., Germer, C.T., Bohm, S., Dumoulin, F., Frieling, T., Hampe, J., Keller, J., Freis, M., Meining, A., Labenz, J., Lock, J., Ritz, J. Schreyer, A. & Leifeld, L. (2022). German guidline diverticular disease/diverticulitis. United European Gastroenterol Journal, 10(9), 923 – 939. DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12309
Lukosiene, J., Reichert, M., Lammert, F., Schramm, C., Greser, T., Kiudelis, G., Jonaitis, L., Tamelis, A. & Kupcinskas, J. (2021). Enviornmental and dietary risk factors for colonic diverticulosis and diverticulitis. Journal of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases. 30(1), 66 – 72. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15403/jgld-3208
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Sample Answer 2 for NR 507 Week 5: Discussion
The incidence of diverticulitis has been growing among younger patients so understanding risk factors is an important discussion. Per an epidemiology report white women are most commonly afflicted with diverticulitis though white men are most likely to be hospitalized due to diverticulitis (Liner & Sandar, 2018). The article noted that the median age for acute diverticulitis has dropped by one to two decades over a course of ten years.
Less clear as a risk factor is a theory from 1971; namely that a low fiber diet contributed to the development of diverticulitis. In a meta analysis, studies linking higher fiber diets to treat and prevent diverticulitis/diverticulosis are described as lacking evidence (Tursi & Elisei, 2020). In another study described in the article, subjects with fewer bowel moveements were found to have a lower incidence of diverticulosis. This would point to a negative correlation between fiber intake and incidence of diverticulosis. Primarily expert opinion and observation cohort studies have guided recommendations for higher fiber intake to reduce diverticulitis risk. Tursi & Elisei suggest interventional studies are needed to better understand any connection between fiber and development of diverticulitis (2020).
Risk factors that continue to be accepted include processed red meat, NSAIDs, obesity, smoking, alcohol, and genetic predispositions (Liner & Sanar, 2018).
References:
Liiner, K. & Sandar, P. (2018). Changing theories on the pathogenesis and risk factors for diverticulitis. Journal of the American Academy ofr Physician Assistants, 31(10), 36 – 41. DOI: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000545069.6360226
Tursi, A. & Elisei, W. (2020). Diet in colonic diverticulosis: is it useful? Polish Archives of Internal Medicine, 130(3), 232 – 239. https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.15199
Sample Answer 3 for NR 507 Week 5: Discussion
Charles provided a comprehensive response to the case study questions. His response was well-organized and included relevant information. He also discussed the pathophysiology of diverticulosis and diverticulitis and the complications that can arise. In addition to Charles’ response, it is essential to note that the patient’s age and comorbidities could also contribute to the diagnosis of acute diverticulitis. Age is a risk factor for developing diverticulitis and other comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. These comorbidities can also increase the risk of complications from diverticulitis, such as bleeding and perforation. Furthermore, educating the patient on lifestyle modifications such as increasing fiber intake, exercising, and maintaining a healthy weight is crucial, as these can help reduce the risk of recurrence of diverticulitis.
Moreover, it is also essential to consider the patient’s nutrition status. Poor nutrition can increase the risk of developing acute diverticulitis, as well as increase the risk of complications and recurrence. Evaluating the patient’s nutritional status and providing appropriate nutrition education and recommendations are critical in managing this condition. Furthermore, it is important to provide education on the need for follow-up and the importance of lifestyle modifications. This can help ensure the patient can manage their condition effectively and reduce the risk of recurrent episodes. Follow-up appointments with the patient’s primary care provider can also be beneficial as they can provide additional education and monitoring of the patient’s condition.
Overall, Charles provided a comprehensive response to the organized case study questions and included relevant information. It is also important to note that other factors, such as age, comorbidities, and lifestyle modifications should also be considered when diagnosing and treating acute diverticulitis.
Reference
Giorgetti, G., Fabiocchi, F., Brandimarte, G., & Tursi, A. (2019). Acute Diverticulitis Is at Significant Risk of Malnutrition: an Analysis of Hospitalized Patients in a Medicine Department. Journal of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=18418724&AN=141391187&h=xT1CZh8pQJJwmed1sojF4J%2BlofPMMa1kDLpfTyB1lz3Nm1A%2FCNh372aG5s0L7jt9A4ESfY%2Bi0baGVtgLRyakvg%3D%3D&crl=cLinks to an external site.
Sample Answer 4 for NR 507 Week 5: Discussion
Diverticulitis causes diarrhea, inflammation, and ischemia of the gastrointestinal system, all of which can possibly cause malabsorption. Depending on where in the gastrointestinal system diverticulitis occurs, malabsorption of water, minerals, and vitamins can occur which can have negative effects on the neurological system. Lack of magnesium absorption can cause neuromuscular hyperexcitability and delirium and vitamin B12 deficiency which can cause degeneration of the spinal cord, cognitive slowing/decline, neuropathy, forgetfulness, and dementia (Montoro-Huguet, Belloc, & Domínguez-Cajal, 2021). Diverticulitis can also cause perforation of the bowel which can cause bleeding and clotting which can lead to stroke or decrease perfusion to the brain. Diverticulitis can affect any system in the body which needs to be kept in mind when managing patients with diverticulitis.
Montoro-Huguet, M.A., Belloc, B., & Domínguez-Cajal, M. (2021). Small and large intestine (I): Malabsorption of nutrients. Nutrients, 13(4),
Week 6: Recorded Disease Process Presentation Peer Review
Julie,
I really enjoyed your presentation and felt like I learned more about Addison’s disease. I was interested in this subject matter due to someone I know having this disease and wanting to understand more about her condition.
- Discuss the risk factors and the connection to the etiology of the initial injury to the cell/tissue/organ
One of the things I found most interesting about Addison’s that I did not remember from nursing school was the most common cause of Addison’s being tuberculosis worldwide. Upon further research, I found that this is not common in further developed countries such as the United States, but in those underdeveloped countries (Burton, Cottrell, & Edwards, 2015, p. 488). Most often in established countries the cause is an autoimmune disease as you mentioned. Example of the autoimmune diseases would be type 1 diabetes, or Graves’ disease. Other risk factors include other chronic infections, removal of part of the adrenal gland, or polyendocrine deficiency syndrome. These autoimmune disorders cause breakdown of the adrenal cortex most often causing Addison’s disease.
- Provide a brief diagnosis of how the disease is diagnosed
In your presentation you mentioned that diagnosis is made based on laboratory values to determine either primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency with high ACTH being primary and low ACTH being secondary. It is important to understand that the cortisol levels must be drawn in the morning to give a more accurate result. In my research, I found that patients are often misdiagnosed until they progress into Addisonian crisis due to providers focusing on other differential diagnoses based on the patient’s sign and symptoms (Burton, et. al, 2015, p.489). Once patients have become this ill, they usually present to the emergency department and the diagnosis is made based on presentation, laboratory values of hyperkalemia and hyponatremia, and then can be confirmed by morning cortisol levels. The delay in diagnosis was the most interesting.
Burton, C., Cottrell, E., & Edwards, J. (2015). Addison’s disease: identification and management in primary care. The British Jounral of General Practice, 65(638), 488-490. http://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp15X686713Links to an external site.