NRS 429 Health Promotion in Minority Populations

Grand Canyon University NRS 429 Health Promotion in Minority Populations– Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NRS 429 Health Promotion in Minority Populations  assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NRS 429 Health Promotion in Minority Populations     

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NRS 429 Health Promotion in Minority Populations depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NRS 429 Health Promotion in Minority Populations     

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NRS 429 Health Promotion in Minority Populations  is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NRS 429 Health Promotion in Minority Populations     

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NRS 429 Health Promotion in Minority Populations assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NRS 429 Health Promotion in Minority Populations     

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NRS 429 Health Promotion in Minority Populations     

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NRS 429 Health Promotion in Minority Populations

Minority populations in the United States (US) often face numerous socioeconomic, cultural, and sociopolitical factors when accessing health care, which contributes to poor health status. Challenges in accessing health care have significantly contributed to high prevalence rates of non-communicable diseases and mental health issues in minority populations. Health providers need to promote culturally appropriate care when interacting with patients from minority populations. Cultural beliefs and practices should be incorporated into the care plan and in health promotion activities to promote culturally sensitive care. This paper will analyze the health status of Asian Americans, including the health status, health disparities, barriers to healthcare, and health promotion activities practiced by the population. 

Asian Americans 

Asian Americans are a heterogeneous group in the US who trace their origin to Asian countries that is Southeast Asia, the Far East, or the Indian subcontinent. The largest Asian groups include Filipinos, Chinese, Indians, Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese (Wu & Bakos, 2017). As per the 2010 US census, there were 17,320,856 Asian Americans who included Multiracial Americans who identified themselves as partially Asian (Wu & Bakos, 2017). Based on this number, Asian Americans comprise 5.6% of the total US population (Wu & Bakos, 2017). A majority of Asians are highly urbanized and live in California and Western states. They are generally well-educated and higher than average incomes. 

According to the Census Bureau projections in 2015, the average life expectancy of Asian Americans was at 79.9 years, with females at 82.0 years and males at 77.5 years. Asians have a high risk of heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and unintentional injuries (Mui et al., 2017). Asian men have a higher risk of diabetes and heart disease than women with heart disease being a leading cause of mortality among Filipino, Japanese, and Indian males.  They also have a high prevalence of Hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, liver disease, Tuberculosis, and COPD. A 2017 report showed that TB is 35 times more prevalent among Asian Americans with a prevalence rate of 17.7 while Whites had a TB incidence of 0.5. 

Health Disparities for Asian Americans 

Asian American is only US racial group that have cancer as the leading cause of mortality. Asians have the highest prevalence and mortality rates of preventable cancers, such as stomach and liver cancer, primarily due to the high rates of stomach and liver infection such as Hepatitis B (Mui et al., 2017). They lead to low cancer screening rates, which results in late diagnosis compared to other racial groups. Despite the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, there has been insufficient research on the conditions conducted on each Asian American sub-ethnic group (Yoo et al., 2015). Besides, not all sub-groups have the same prevalence rates of cardiovascular diseases, and in-depth research must be done to guide in prevention and interventions. 

More than half of Asians with Diabetes are not aware they have the condition due to lack of screening. Besides, Asians have a higher likelihood of developing Type-2 diabetes compared to whites regardless of their low body weight and body mass index (Yoo et al., 2015).  They possess unique risk factors for diabetes, including differential body fat distribution, insulin resistance, genetics, diet high in carbohydrates and sodium, and physical inactivity. Furthermore, Asians have high suicidal rates, which is a leading cause of death among 20 to 24-year-olds. They have the highest suicide rates among women aged 65-84 in all racial groups in the US (Yoo et al., 2015).  Mental health disorders, particularly associated with depression, is a prevalent health disparity among the elderly Asians.  

Nutrition challenges for Asians include high sodium and carbohydrates consumption, which increases the risk of diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease (Firestone et al., 2017). The primary source of sodium consumed by Asians is from salt added during food preparation rather than from restaurant and packaged foods (Firestone et al., 2017). They also have a high consumption of traditional festival foods which are high in carbohydrates, sugar, fat, and animal protein, 

Barriers to Health 

Language is one of the most formidable cultural barriers to accessing health care among Asian Americans, especially immigrants and the elderly. A majority of Asians with no English proficiency face barriers in seeking health care, such as making appointments, communicating with providers, and understanding health education information (Yoo et al., 2015). Lack of health insurance is a major socioeconomic barrier to health care among Asian Americans. According to the 2017 Census Bureau population, Asians had overall private insurance coverage of 73.7% compared to 75.4% for Non-Hispanic whites (Wu & Bakos, 2017). Besides, 6.6% of Asians had no insurance, while non-Hispanic whites had 5.9%. 

Health literacy is a major issue related to education that is a significant barrier to health for Asian Americans. This impedes them form reading and understanding the content in the context of particular health situations (Yoo et al., 2015). These situations include being able to understand appointment slips, education fliers, prescriptions, consent forms, physicians’ instructions, and the complex healthcare system. The immigrant status of Asians is a significant sociopolitical factor that impedes them from accessing health services. This is because immigration status is a major criterion for healthcare benefits in the US. Consequently, immigrant Asians with no migration documents face more barriers than documented immigrants in accessing health care and benefits such as government insurance (Mui et al., 2017). Besides, illegal Asian immigrants cannot obtain jobs that provide health insurance or purchase private insurance policies, which further add to their health access challenges.  

Health Promotion Activities by Asian Americans 

Most Asian sub-groups use alternative or complementary therapies to promote health and cure common ailments. Home remedies and Chinese medicine are often used in addition to or in place of Western medicine (Ponce, Scheitler & Shimkhada, 2018). Meditation is a common practice among Buddhist communities used to alleviate stress and is recommended to persons with mental health issues (Ponce, Scheitler & Shimkhada, 2018). Meditation has been attributed to the low prevalence of anxiety, stress, and mental illness among the communities. Ayurvedic medicine is common among Indians where they use herbs, mineral, and animal origin, which are believed to have medicinal value (Ponce, Scheitler & Shimkhada, 2018). Chinese Americans commonly use Chinese medicine. It consists of various treatments such as herbal remedies, massage, and acupuncture used as home remedies for their therapeutic properties. 

Health Promotion Approach 

The identified health need of Asian Americans is chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. The primary prevention approach would involve raising awareness and knowledge on health issues that disproportionately affect the Asian Americans to the specific community. The approach will entail increasing awareness to the racial group on the importance of regular screening for prevalent conditions such as Hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, and cancers. It will also include providing health education on the significance of blood glucose screening to detect diabetes and raising awareness of regular screening for cardiovascular-related diseases. There will be provision of culturally and linguistically appropriate informational materials on management of cardiovascular diseases. This will be the most effective approach since Asian Americans have low screening rates and are often diagnosed when the disease have progressed to advance stages (Ponce, Scheitler, & Shimkhada, 2018). The approach will also help them learn how to prevent and manage the prevalent chronic illnesses. 

Cultural Beliefs/Practices to Consider When Creating a Care Plan 

Cultural beliefs and practices of an ethnic group should always be considered in a care plan to promote culturally appropriate care.  Information on an ethnic group’s religious beliefs, health practices, dietary customs, and cultural rituals and practices should be obtained when developing a care plan to ensure it is culturally sensitive (Liu et al., 2015). An ideal cultural model that would best support culturally appropriate health promotion for Asian American would be the Purnell Model for Cultural Competence. The model guides in obtaining information and providing health education on twelve key cultural domains.  

The domains include heritage, family roles and organization, communication, high-risk behaviors, health care practices, bio-cultural ecology, spirituality, workforce issues, pregnancy, nutrition, health care professionals, and death rituals (Liu et al., 2015). The model can guide in understanding the risky behaviors that cause diseases among Asians and use the information to guide health promotion activities (Liu et al., 2015). It can also help to identify healthy practices, nutrition, and spirituality of the ethnic group and incorporate this in the health promotion.  

Conclusion 

Asian Americans refer to Americans who trace their origin to Asian countries. The common conditions among Asians include Hepatitis B, liver disease, Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, stomach and liver cancers, Diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and COPD. Despite the prevalence of these diseases, the population has low screening rates. Besides, Asians face health disparities, including chronic illnesses such as cancer, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and mental health, particularly among the elderly. Barriers to care for the minority group include language barriers, lack of insurance, low health literacy levels, and illegal immigrant status. Asians’ health promotion activities are mostly home remedies of traditional medicine used in the prevention and management of common ailments.   

References 

Firestone, M. J., Beasley, J. M., Kwon, S. C., Ahn, J., Trinh-Shevrin, C., & Yi, S. S. (2017). Asian American Dietary sources of sodium and salt behaviors compared with other racial/ethnic groups, NHANES, 2011-2012. Ethnicity & disease, 27(3), 241–248. https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.27.3.241 

Liu, J. J., Davidson, E., Bhopal, R., White, M., Johnson, M., Netto, G., & Sheikh, A. (2015). Adapting health promotion interventions for ethnic minority groups: a qualitative study. Health promotion international, 31(2), 325-334. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dau105 

Mui, P., Bowie, J. V., Juon, H. S., & Thorpe, R. J., Jr (2017). Ethnic group differences in health outcomes among Asian American men in California. American journal of men’s health, 11(5), 1406–1414. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988316664508 

Ponce, N., Scheitler, A. J., & Shimkhada, R. (2018). Understanding the culture of health for Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islanders (AANHPIs): What do population-based health surveys across the nation tell us about the state of data disaggregation for AANHPIs? Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. 

Wu, S., & Bakos, A. (2017). The Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander National Health Interview Survey: Data collection in small populations. Public Health Reports, 132(6), 606-608. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0033354917729181 

Yoo, G. J., Musselman, E., Lee, Y. S. & Yee-Melichar, D. (2015). Addressing health disparities among older Asian Americans: Data and diversity. Generations, 38(4), 74. 

Sample Answer 2 for NRS 429 Health Promotion in Minority Populations

Health Promotion in Minority Populations: Hispanic Americans 

The U.S. is a land of diverse cultural backgrounds and heritage with many different types of people based on their racial composition, beliefs, social statuses and views. The minority races are projected to become the majority in the next twenty years based on figures from federal agencies. As such, the increased diversity implies that healthcare providers and organizations must develop strategies focused on health promotion to reduce the overall healthcare cost in the country (Velasco-Mondragon et al., 2017). The diverse minorities have different cultural perspectives that affect accessibility, affordability, and quality of care provided. Therefore, health promotion can help minority populations lower cost of care and increase accessibility. As such, the paper compares and contrasts the health status of the Hispanic American population to the national average by looking at different components that define health and related services. 

Description of the Ethnic Minority & Current Health Status 

The Hispanic population comprises of individuals that have ancestry or origin in Cuba, Mexico, South and Central America, Puerto Rico and other Spanish cultures and background. The Census Bureau estimates that there are close to 60 million Hispanic or Latino people in the country. Imperatively, Hispanic is the largest racial minority group in the country as it constitutes about 19% of the general population. Again, it is projected that by 2060, Hispanics living in the U.S. will account for about 28.6% of the total population (Census Bureau, 2019). The Latino population is concentrated in ten states with most of them having over one million people of this minority group. These ten states include California, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Georgia, Florida, Illinois, Texas, New Jersey and New York. Hispanics have a rich cultural background in food and value family life and are fluent Spanish speakers (HHS, 2020). Their cultural practices are heavily influenced by the Spanish culture.  

Health Status 

The health status of this population can be evaluated through different aspects that include uptake of medical or health insurance, access to health services and prevalence of lifestyle conditions among other socioeconomic determinants of health. Hispanics have limited insurance coverage compared to the general population. Hispanics constitute the highest number of uninsured individuals in the country. Figures from the Census Bureau show that in 2017, only 49% of Latino Americans had private insurance compared to the white Americans where close to 75% had medical covers. The Bureau also shows that more Hispanics depend on public health coverage than their non-Hispanic white counterparts (Census Bureau, 2019). About 17.8% of Hispanics did not have health insurance compared to about 6% of the non-Hispanic whites. These figures show that a majority of Hispanics struggle to access health services, especially preventive care.  

Studies show that Hispanics are likely to suffer from, and die of, lifestyle conditions like diabetes and heart diseases as well as cancer compared to the general population (Velasco-Mondragon, 2017; Suarez-Balcazar et al., 2018).  The health of Latino Americans is impacted by different factors that include limited or lack of access to preventive care services, language barrier, and cultural issues. As indicated, a majority of this population do not have health insurance coverage. The Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) asserts that Hispanics are susceptible to diabetes due to cultural factors (CDC, 2020). They are also susceptible to stroke, asthma, obesity, liver disease, and suicide as well as HIV/AIDS. These factors lead to increased health disparities between the Hispanic population and the general population. 

Health Disparities and Nutritional Challenges of the Hispanic Ethnic Group 

Health disparities are the variations and variables that contribute to inequalities or unequal distribution of healthcare resources among various demographics and population. Disparities also include preventable differences in disease burden, injury and violence or chances to attain optimal health which disadvantaged groups encounter. Specifically, disparities are associated with socioeconomic and environmental conditions of certain populations, especially among groups in racial and ethnic minorities. The Hispanic population faces income disparities leading to high rates of uninsured individuals compared to the general population (Suarez-Balcazar et al., 2018). Hispanics have increased health risk because of limited access to health care services and are 35% more likely to have heart diseases, 50% more likely to have diabetes, and 49% likely to suffer from cancer than the non-Hispanic white counterparts. The Hispanics are 23% more likely to have obesity and 23% less likely to go for colorectal cancer screening (Velasco-Mondragon et al., 2016). These statistics imply that the Hispanic population faces nutritional challenges. The nutritional challenge that exposes the population to a host of lifestyle conditions include having a diet with less recommended amounts of vegetable, whole grains and fruits and high amounts of sodium, sugar and saturated fats way beyond the recommended amounts.  

Barriers to Health for Hispanic Population 

Hispanic population faces significant barriers to health stemming from culture, socioeconomics, education and sociopolitical aspects. Hispanics are more unlikely to afford the cost of care and access healthcare services due to cultural issues like language barrier. Nurses can only offer effective care if a patient understand the language used by these healthcare providers. For instance, a good number of Hispanics do not understand English and many do not complete their high school education. Hispanic cultural beliefs are diverse as each group among this racial diversity has different cultural cues that nurses and other healthcare providers must understand.  

Socioeconomic barriers among the Hispanics entail poor living conditions, low income and high poverty levels than the national average. For instance, one in every four Hispanics does not have a high school certificate (Velasco-Mondragon et al, 2016). The unhealthy lifestyles of the Hispanics increase the risk for developing chronic conditions. Low educational attainment means that an individual cannot be employed in a better workplace environment. Besides not being insured, they face barriers that impact their ability to access better health care services as they cannot afford to pay hospital bills out of pocket.  

The sociopolitical factors affecting Hispanics entail changing immigration laws. Recent suggestions by the Trump administration to deport millions of illegal Hispanic migrants may have made many to fear accessing health care services or taking medical insurance (Velasco-Mondragon et al., 2016). The hundreds of undocumented Hispanics in the country increases barriers to better healthcare access as they have to give false information which makes it difficult for health care providers to monitor them closely. The Hispanics fail to return for reviews, making it difficult to provide effective services to them.  

Health Promotion Activities Practiced by Hispanics 

Health promotion activities are essential in preventing disease conditions in populations. Improving access to affordable services is critical to this population that does not seem to practice effective health promotion activities. Health promotion among the Hispanic should focus on reducing the high disease risk that include hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. Among the activities the population practices to promote health is creation of awareness about the effects of lifestyle conditions like diabetes and obesity. The population also focuses on movement strategy that aims at promotion of physical activity among the people (Avilés-Santa et al., 2017). These health promotions demonstrate the need for the population to increase the drive for more individuals to get medical insurance coverage.  

Approach in Health Promotion 

An effective health promotion model would be a focus on family and educating members about the need to prevent diabetes and obesity. The nurse should include the patient’s entire family into the plan of care. Diabetes is prevalent in the Hispanic culture and the primary level would entail giving basic information to patients on diet and blood sugar control. The nurse should provide an explanation to the patient about a healthy diet, especially one with low sodium, low sugar and low levels of saturated fats. The provider can teach the family how to check for blood sugar levels to ensure that it is at the normal rate. A secondary level model would entail teaching Hispanics with diabetes how and where to be screened for the condition. The healthcare provider should discuss the symptoms and signs of the condition (Avilés-Santa et al., 2017). At the tertiary level, the patients should be taught that untreated hypo and hyperglycemia leads to increased complications and possible hospitalization. The provider should ensure that patients understand the working of their medications to maintain their blood sugars to the appropriate range.  

Conclusion 

Health promotion is essential, especially among minority populations that experience increased health disparities and barriers. As demonstrated, health care providers and organizations in the country should ensure that they have cultural competencies to develop effective strategic models to promote quality care outcomes among the minority populations.  

References 

Avilés-Santa, M. L., Heintzman, J., Lindberg, N. M., Guerrero-Preston, R., Ramos, K., Abraído- 

Lanza, A. L., … & Papanicolaou, G. (2017, October). Personalized medicine and Hispanic health: improving health outcomes and reducing health disparities–a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop report. Biomedical Central, 11(11): 1-12. doi: 10.1186/s12919-017-0079-4 

Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) (2020). Health of Hispanic or Latino  

Population. Retrieved on December 4, 2020 from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/hispanic-health.htm 

Health and Human Services (HHS) (2020). Profile: Hispanic/Latino Americans. Retrieved on 

December 4, 2020 from https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=3&lvlid=64 

Suarez-Balcazar, Y., Mirza, M. P., & Garcia-Ramirez, M. (2018). Health disparities:  

Understanding and promoting healthy communities. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 46(1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2018.1386761 

Velasco-Mondragon, E., Jimenez, A., Palladino-Davis, A. G. Davis, D. & Escamilla-Cejudo, J.  

A. (2016). Hispanic health in the USA: a scoping review of the literature. Public Health Reviews, 37(31). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-016-0043-2 

U.S. Census Bureau (2019 August 20). Hispanic Heritage Month 2019. Retrieved on December  

4, 2020 from https://www.census.gov/newsroom/facts-for-features/2019/hispanic-heritage-month.html