NRS 440 Advocacy Through Legislation
Grand Canyon University NRS 440 Advocacy Through Legislation – Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NRS 440 Advocacy Through Legislation assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NRS 440 Advocacy Through Legislation
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NRS 440 Advocacy Through Legislation depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NRS 440 Advocacy Through Legislation
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NRS 440 Advocacy Through Legislation is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
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How to Write the Body for NRS 440 Advocacy Through Legislation
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NRS 440 Advocacy Through Legislation assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NRS 440 Advocacy Through Legislation
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NRS 440 Advocacy Through Legislation
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for NRS 440 Advocacy Through Legislation
Nurses are patients and health care system as they present ideas, outline courses of action, raise awareness, and persuade all stakeholders to embrace their perspectives in promoting healthy outcomes among populations. Obesity and overweight are public health concerns that require interventions by nurses to address and reduce their effects and prevent their prevalence, especially among young adults. Obesity and overweight increase the risk for various conditions like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension (ODPHP, 2024). Nurses are strategically positioned to help the health system attain health equity and ensure quality outcomes by dealing with disparities that lead to obesity. Advocacy to reduce and prevent obesity and overweight through evidence-based actions is important and forms the basis of this paper. Legislation on obesity leads to the development of effective policies and initiatives like the Healthy People 2030 framework that focuses on improving health outcomes for all people and demographics in the United States.
| Problem In no more than 250 words, describe the problem, who is affected, and the current ramifications. Explain the consequences if the issue continues. | ||
| The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) asserts that when an individual weighs more than what is considered healthy for their height, they are obese and overweight. Obesity is a complex metabolic condition and is prevalent in the country. Obesity is linked to different chronic health issues like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, kidney failure, hypertension, and increased risk for cancer. The main causes of obesity include genetics, eating habits, and lack of physical activity. Irregular sleeping patterns and social determinants of health are major risk factors for obesity. CDC asserts that one in every 5 children and more than 1 in 3 adults have and struggle with obesity. Children with obesity have increased chances of the disease as adults. The CDC (2023) opines that adults with obesity have an increased risk of developing chronic conditions like heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and some forms of cancer. The United States healthcare system spends close to $173 billion each year on obesity and its related costs emanating from treatment and other interventions. The health and wellness of the population stand to be affected if the obesity prevalence continues as illustrated by its negative effects. Obesity complications would lead to a rise in health utilization which could overwhelm the healthcare system yet the current increased demand and shortage of healthcare workers have not been solved (ODPHP, 2024). Without effective interventions, especially through legislation at state and federal levels, obesity will increase the demand for healthcare services, and resources and negatively impact the quality of life for millions of Americans and their families. | ||
| Idea for Addressing Solution In no more than 250 words, outline your idea for addressing the issue and explain why legislation is the best course for advocacy. | ||
| Creating awareness at an early age is essential based on the CDC-recommended Early Care and Education (ECE) program that targets providing information to children about obesity and the health problems it brings (Hampl et al., 2023). Additionally, healthcare providers like nurses should discuss the significance of maintaining a healthy weight when attending to patients and offer health information on obesity prevention and management (CDC, 2023). These efforts are multifaceted and demonstrate the level of interventions that should occur among people to improve eating habits and primary measures like exercising and physical activities. These initiatives require legislative actions and support to be integrated into communities and schools throughout the United States. Legislation is the best approach as it will entail enacting laws and regulations that mandate schools and healthcare organizations to adhere to these provisions. For instance, schools should have programs and initiatives to educate should on being obese and overweight and how they can prevent the condition. Imperatively, the schools should include education and awareness campaigns on healthy eating, exercising, and refraining from indulging in fast foods as part of the educational curricula. At the clinical level, nurses and other providers should integrate information on healthy eating, encourage patients to embrace physical activities, and avoid a sedentary lifestyle characterized by spending too much time on screens. They should implement evidence-based approaches to reducing and preventing obesity among their patients (Pearce et al., 2021). Nurses are critical as they are considered a core part of eliminating the current health disparities. Therefore, they should spearhead these programs and initiatives for a better health population. | ||
| Research the Issue Perform research and compile information for your idea. Present substantive evidence-based findings that support your idea for addressing the problem (studies, research, and reports). Include any similar legislation introduced or passed in other states. | ||
| Evidence 1 | In their article, Widmann et al. (2022) assert that when young children get an early education exhibiting better eating and exercise habits, they are likely to adopt them and practice them in their lives; from childhood into adulthood and reduce chances of getting obesity. Children should start the fight against obesity at an early age since most are keen on integrating long-term practices that will enhance their health. States continue to adopt the Early Child Care and Education (ECE) to reduce obesity and foster positive behavioral patterns for their future as adults. | |
| Evidence 2 | In their article, Pearce et al. (2021) observe that healthcare providers have a defined role in obesity treatment and conditions linked to the disease. However, there is a less-established role of the providers in the prevention of the condition, especially in hospitals and community-based health services. The authors assert that increasing the role of providers is critical in offering information and helping their patients get better approaches to reduce and prevent their risk for obesity and overweight. The authors demonstrate the importance of healthcare providers offering sufficient information and services, including screening for obesity and implementing customized interventions. | |
| Stakeholder Support Discuss the stakeholders who would support the proposed idea and explain why they would be in support. | ||
| Stakeholder(s) Supporting 1 | The initial stakeholders to support the proposed idea would be parents of obese and overweight children. All parents want a healthy life for their children. Therefore, they will support the proposed law to enhance the health of their children. | |
| Stakeholder(s) Supporting 2 | The second group of stakeholders to endorse the idea would be healthcare providers who understand the importance of healthy living and the negative effects of conditions related to obesity, especially the complications and comorbidities. Implementing the proposed idea would lower demand for care and reallocation of healthcare resources. | |
| Stakeholder (s) Supporting 3 | Schools and communities will also support the proposed idea to reduce the overall burden associated with obesity, its complications, and comorbidities. These stakeholders will be critical in implementing the suggested ideas to reduce the current prevalence of obesity and overweight. | |
| Stakeholder Opposition Discuss the stakeholders who would oppose the proposed idea. Explain why they would be in opposition and how you would prepare to debate or converse about these considerations. | ||
| Stakeholder(s) Opposed 1 | Companies, organizations and involved in the manufacturing, distribution, preparation, and sale of unhealthy foods would oppose this legislation because it will negatively affect their enterprises. They will oppose the law because their livelihoods are dependent on it. However, they need to understand the effects of obesity and its burden. They can develop healthy options and reduce fats in their foods among other ingredients. | |
| Stakeholder(s) Opposed 2 | Lawmakers, especially through lobbyist organizations and advocacy groups may oppose the idea if they believe it would reduce and restrict their interests. The lawmakers may be used by manufacturers and distributors of these products to oppose the legislation and lead to paralysis thus leading to the status quo. | |
| Financial Incentives/Costs In no more than 250 words, summarize the financial impact of the issue and the idea (added costs, cost savings, increased revenue, etc.). Provide support. | ||
| Obesity and overweight are critical issues linked to chronic conditions that are difficult to treat and manage. It also increases the cost burden of health, especially caring for individuals with such complications. Obesity leads to increased demand for healthcare resources, from funds to providers who care for people with comorbidities arising from the condition. The rise in demand means that people will spend more on healthcare (Pearce et al., 2020). The financial incentive to the issue is to reduce its prevalence to mitigate increased expenditure for many families and individuals affected by the disorder. Creating laws and regulations that allow individuals to prevent obesity, get early screening and treatment, and manage comorbidities will drastically reduce the cost of care and save billions in healthcare expenditures that can be directed to other areas in the future. According to Cawley et al. (2021), such actions will help states generate more resources and revenues by increasing taxes for people who consume these foods and lead to healthy living as espoused by the Healthy People 2030 framework. Obesity as a national public health issue requires effective interventions that reduce financial costs in the long term by preventing comorbidities and associated risks (Tiwari et al., 2023). The financial incentives based on a legislative approach are important in allowing federal and state governments to develop regulations and policies to improve people’s health. | ||
| Legislature: Information Needed and Process for Proposal Discuss how to advocate for your proposal using legislation. Include the following: | ||
| Provide the name and complete contact information for the legislator. | ||
| Describe the steps for how you would present this to your legislator. | The initial step would be to collect sufficient data and information concerning obesity and overweight and their complications in the United States. The next step would be to compare the data and information with other nations, analyze it for better consumption, and presentation to the elected representative. I will pitch the idea once I get an appointment with his office through the right channels as established by Congress. I would collaborate with the staff to develop legislation that he would present in Congress about the proposed idea. | |
| Outline the process if your legislator chooses to introduce your idea as a bill to Congress. | If the legislator presents the issue as a bill to Congress, he will introduce it to the House of Representatives and get support from co-sponsors. The idea would then be forwarded to the relevant committee which will investigate and discuss it. The committee may make certain amendments and fine-tune it before presenting it back to the House. The Second reading will occur with the suggested amendments where the House will debate it further and send it back to the committee to fine-tune it. The third reading will happen and the representatives take a vote. Once passed, the bill will proceed to the Senate where it shall undertake a similar process and be approved or rejected. If approved and voted for, it shall get presidential assent and become law. | |
| Christian Principles and Nursing Advocacy In no more than 250 words, discuss how principles of a Christian worldview lend support to legislative advocacy in health care without bias. Be specific as to how these principles help advocate for inclusiveness and positive health outcomes for all populations, including those more vulnerable, without regard to gender, sexual orientation, culture, race, religion/belief, etc. | ||
| The Christian worldview principles lend support to legislative advocacy in health care without any bias by emphasizing the healing role and servant approach as demonstrated by Jesus through His life. God instructs people, including healthcare providers, to advocate for the vulnerable and less privileged. Individuals suffering from obesity and overweight may be struggling with significant health disparities and social determinants of health that make it impossible for them to have healthy diets and even conduct physical exercises (Bentley-Edwards et al., 2021). Some may not have access to healthcare services and information to counter risks for obesity and overweight. As such, Christian principles like love, generosity, and kindness implore nurses and other providers to advocate for inclusiveness and positive health outcomes. Some of these people fear the social stigma associated with obesity and the high cost of care. Therefore, through advocacy, nurses illustrate their genuine concern to help these people navigate their conditions and ensure that those without it get information to prevent its occurrence. The parable of the Good Samaritan demonstrates real love for others irrespective of their diversity. Imperatively, nurses as a core part of healthcare provision should focus on improving access to better interventions and help patients get the right information on their diagnosis while prioritizing access to resources to reduce vulnerabilities (Bentley-Edwards et al., 2020) Nurses, especially Christians and believers, should emulate Jesus Christ and His efforts to save humankind by the sacrifices He made by His death on the cross. Therefore, advocacy through legislation is an effective approach to dealing with the current problem of obesity. | ||
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Conclusion
Advocacy is an important nursing role since nurses interact with patients and health populations. Obesity and overweight threaten the ability of the healthcare system to offer quality care due to the increased cost burden that they place on the health system. Early Child Care and Education (ECE) is an evidence-based approach that nurses can advocate through more legislation at state and federal levels to reduce the prevalence of the disorder from an early stage among children.
References
Bentley-Edwards, K. L., Blackman Carr, L. T., Robbins, P. A., Conde, E., Zaw, K., & Darity Jr, W. A. (2020). Investigating
denominational and church attendance differences in obesity and diabetes in Black Christian men and women. Journal of religion and health, 59(6), 3055-3070. DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00888-6.
Cawley, J., Biener, A., Meyerhoefer, C., Ding, Y., Zvenyach, T., Smolarz, B. G., & Ramasamy, A. (2021). Direct medical costs of
obesity in the United States and the most populous states. Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy, 27(3), 354-366. DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2021.20410.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Overweight and Obesity. Why it Matters.
Hampl, S. E., Hassink, S. G., Skinner, A. C., Armstrong, S. C., Barlow, S. E., Bolling, C. F., … & Okechukwu, K. (2023). Clinical
practice guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics, 151(2), e2022060640.
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP) (2024). Overweight and Obesity. Healthy People 2030.
Pearce, C., Rychetnik, L., & Wilson, A. (2021). The obesity paradigm and the role of health services in obesity prevention: a grounded
theory approach. BMC health services research, 21, 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06089-w
Pearce, C., Rychetnik, L., Wutzke, S., & Wilson, A. (2020). Obesity prevention and the role of hospital and community-based health
services: a scoping review. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1): 1-16. DOI:10.1186/s12913-019-4262-3
Tiwari, A. & Balasundaram, P. (2023 June 5). Public Health Considerations Regarding Obesity. StatPearls [Internet].
Waidmann, T. A., Waxman, E., Pancini, V., Gupta, P., & Tabb, L. P. (2022). Obesity Across America: Geographic Variation in
Disease Prevalence and Treatment Options. National Library of Medicine. http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/9918486680106676
Sample Answer 2 for NRS 440 Advocacy Through Legislation
Nations experience many health and social problems, and interventions vary depending on the affected populations and their impact. Advocacy through legislation allows nurses and political leaders to collaborate to formulate laws, policies, and regulations that protect populations. Legislation also helps to advance quality, accessible, and affordable health care for the general or specific vulnerable populations. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a problem in Alabama that has the capacity for advocacy through legislation.
ProblemIn no more than 250 words, describe the problem, who is affected, and the current ramifications. Explain the consequences if the issue continues. | ||
Obesity is a serious health concern in Alabama that could be addressed through legislation, among other interventions. 2021 and 2022 data reveal that the adult obesity rate in Alabama is 38.3%, while the youth’s rate is 13.9% (Alabama Public Health, 2024). Some counties have a rate exceeding 40%. Effective management of obesity necessitates understanding who is affected and how the problem affects them. As a general healthcare problem, obesity affects people of all ages, genders, and races, although the prevalence varies. For instance, current data and projections show that the prevalence is higher among females than males, and black, non-Hispanic population is the most affected (CHOICES, 2024). Regarding ramifications, obesity increases the risk of diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Besides, it increases healthcare spending associated with these risks, among other serious complications. A high obesity prevalence further implies poor mental health and behavioral problems. If obesity continues, these health problems will persist, and healthcare spending will soar as the Alabama population grows. The nursing workforce will likely be overburdened, necessitating practical and sustainable measures to protect the present and future generations. | ||
Idea for Addressing SolutionIn no more than 250 words, outline your idea for addressing the issue and explain why legislation is the best course for advocacy. | ||
An effective way of reducing the health and economic effects of obesity is to protect children from poor diets. Therefore, compelling schools (at all levels) to offer nutrition-dense foods and promote healthy lifestyles can help to achieve this critical goal. In particular, learning facilities with children below ten years should not operate cafeterias selling junk food. Although this policy cannot apply to the food children carry to schools, it will limit access to unhealthy eating, increasing the risk for childhood obesity. Han et al. (2020) found a causal link between obesity and unhealthy food among children, which further increases the risk of obesity and related illnesses in later years. This implies that creating an environment where healthy eating is promoted should be prioritized in all learning centers in Alabama. Legislation is the best course of advocacy since it introduces laws and regulations that school heads should implement and sustain. Besides political support, the legal implications of violating proposed laws ensure compliance, hence sustainable outcomes. | ||
Research the IssuePerform research and compile information for your idea. Present substantive evidence-based findings that support your idea for addressing the problem (studies, research, and reports). Include any similar legislation introduced or passed in other states. | ||
Evidence 1 | Research by Olarte et al. (2023) explored trends in quick-service restaurants (QSRs) near public schools. In this study, the authors found that proximity to nutrition-deficient foods in QSRs has profound implications on children’s health since it increases obesity risk. Supporting the location of these restaurants in places far from schools, Olarte et al. (2023) also underlined how QSRs contribute to diet-related disparities among school children. | |
Evidence 2 | Han et al. (2020) answered the question of whether proximity to fast foods causes childhood obesity. The primary finding was that childhood obesity rates increase with proximity to fast foods in corner stores, restaurants, and supermarkets. As a result, stringent measures to limit access are an effective way of protecting children from childhood obesity and related risks. | |
Similar legislation | Two bills, SB12 and SB965, sought to set limits on the fat and sugar content in meals and snacks sold during school hours in California. According to Landsberg and Morin (2020), these bills would profoundly impact Californians’ health by promoting nutrition and preventing obesity. Through the bills, junk food is only available at off-campus and evening school events. | |
Stakeholder SupportDiscuss the stakeholders who would support the proposed idea and explain why they would be in support. | ||
Stakeholder(s) Supporting 1 | Nursing professionals and associations Individuals and groups within the nursing practice understand the negative impacts of unhealthy lifestyles from health, social, and economic dimensions. Nursing professionals and associations would support restricting access to junk foods in Alabama schools due to its potential to promote healthy living. It also aligns with nurses’ broader role in health advocacy. | |
Stakeholder(s) Supporting 2 | Political leaders Senators, governors, and other local, state, and national political representatives are mandated to protect populations from health risks. They would support the proposed idea since it is within their mandate and would help to reduce health care spending. | |
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Stakeholder OppositionDiscuss the stakeholders who would oppose the proposed idea. Explain why they would be in opposition and how you would prepare to debate or converse about these considerations. | ||
Stakeholder(s) Opposed 1 | Big Food companies Implementing the proposed policy infers a lost business opportunity for fast food sellers. According to Gaddis (2020), big food service companies make millions of dollars from public school meal programs, albeit offering options that harm students and their health. The financial implications of the idea would make them oppose it. | |
Stakeholder(s) Opposed 2 | School heads Fast food cafeterias are a profitable business venture for schools. It also allows schools to ensure access to quick and cheap food for students (Gaddis, 2020). School heads would oppose the idea since it is hectic and costly to feed many students while ensuring compliance with the recommended dietary standards. | |
Preparing to debate or converse | The most reasonable way to prepare myself is to collect adequate evidence on the health dangers of fast-food cafeterias in schools. I should have data on the present and projected impacts of unhealthy eating from health, social, and economic perspectives. Such data would enable me to convince the opponents of the need for healthy food options for students in all learning facilities. | |
Financial Incentives/CostsIn no more than 250 words, summarize the financial impact for the issue and the idea (added costs, cost savings, increased revenue, etc.). Provide support. | ||
Obesity affects many individuals, and its financial impacts are profound. Recent reports indicate that the financial cost of obesity exceeds $1.4 trillion, with significant spending being on treating obesity and obesity-related conditions (Obesity Medicine Association, 2023). A critical analysis of this data demonstrates an issue that increases healthcare burden in the United States when the costs of other elements like education and food have reached exorbitant levels. Indirect costs of obesity include absenteeism at work and reduced productivity. The annual productivity cost of obesity-related absenteeism at work is approximately $3.38 billion (CDC, 2022). A nation looking forward to high productivity and competence should avoid such financial losses. Preventing children from the menace of obesity is a cost-saving approach to illness management, considering that medical costs for an obese adult are $1,861 higher than those without obesity (Obesity Medicine Association, 2023). A collaborative approach involving legislators, economic experts, policymakers, and nursing professionals is critical in addressing the financial impact of obesity in Alabama. | ||
Legislature: Information Needed and Process for ProposalDiscuss the how to advocate for your proposal using legislation. Include the following: | ||
Provide the name and complete contact information for the legislator. | Katie Britt, U.S. Senator for Alabama 2005 University Boulevard, Suite 2100, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 659-251-2880 | |
Describe the steps for how you would present this to your legislator. | I prefer an official letter to the Senator outlining the proposed idea and its potential impacts. I should further request a physical meeting, if possible, to illustrate key details and why the idea should be prioritized as a legislative agenda. | |
Outline the process if your legislator chooses to introduce your idea as a bill to Congress. | If introduced as a bill to Congress, the idea will undergo various processes before it is implemented. These include being sponsored by the Senator, hearing by the appropriate committee(s), and voting. If no amendments are needed, the bill is passed to the President for vetoing or get signed into law. | |
Christian Principles and Nursing AdvocacyIn no more than 250 words, discuss how principles of a Christian worldview lend support to legislative advocacy in health care without bias. Be specific as to how these principles help advocate for inclusiveness and positive health outcomes for all populations, including those more vulnerable, without regard to gender, sexual orientation, culture, race, religion/belief, etc. | ||
People vary in race, religion, and social status, among other aspects that affect how others perceive them. These differences should not guide health advocacy due to the possibility of increasing disparities. Principles of a Christian worldview that guide nursing and legislative efforts include social justice, compassion, and inclusion/accommodation (Biber, 2023; Hordern, 2023). Being guided by this worldview in legislative advocacy helps prevent bias since it emphasizes equality, equity, and benefits to the less privileged in society. Accordingly, political representatives, nursing professionals, and policymakers can formulate laws and advocate for changes that promote universal health care, protect vulnerable populations, and ensure participation of all races in agenda setting. The policies are also designed to benefit all individuals to maximize their health potential, notwithstanding their orientations, cultures, and statuses. | ||
Conclusion
Alabama requires a healthy populace to grow and develop in all aspects. Unfortunately, obesity has continually challenged healthcare professionals and stakeholders due to its increasing rates. Legislation can help to reduce the risk of obesity by limiting access to unhealthy diets in schools by banning cafeterias offering fast foods. Like many other laws, the proposed idea would be supported and opposed by various individuals based on different reasons. Nursing professionals and politicians are potential supporters, while big food companies will likely oppose the idea.
References
Alabama Public Health. (2024). Obesity trends (data). https://www.alabamapublichealth.gov/awa/trends.html#:~:text=According%20to%202021%20data%2C%20the,the%20CDC%20for%20more%20information.
Biber, D. (2023). Persevering in nursing with godly purpose. Journal of Christian Nursing: A Quarterly Publication of Nurses Christian Fellowship, 40(2), E12–E13. https://doi.org/10.1097/CNJ.0000000000001057
CDC. (2022). Consequences of obesity. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/basics/consequences.html
CHOICES. (2024). Alabama: Adult obesity & severe obesity projections. https://choicesproject.org/alabama-obesity-projections/
Gaddis, J. E. (2020). The big business of school meals. KAPPAN. https://kappanonline.org/big-business-school-meals-food-service-gaddis/
Han, J., Schwartz, A. E., & Elbel, B. (2020). Does proximity to fast food cause childhood obesity? evidence from public housing. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 84, 103565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2020.103565
Hordern, J. (2023). Accommodating religion and belief in healthcare: Political threats, agonistic democracy and established religion. Bioethics, 37(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.13112
Landsberg, M., & Morin, M. (2020). School soda, junk food bans approved. Public Health Advocates. https://phadvocates.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/School-Soda-Junk-Food-Bans-Approved_9.7.2005.pdf
Obesity Medicine Association. (2023). How much does obesity cost in the U.S.? https://obesitymedicine.org/health-economic-impact-of-obesity/
Olarte, D. A., Petimar, J., James, P., Cooksey-Stowers, K., Cash, S. B., Rimm, E. B., … & Cohen, J. F. (2023). Trends in quick-service restaurants near public schools in the United States: Differences by community, school, and student characteristics. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 123(6), 923-932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2023.01.016