NRS 455 Describe in detail the pathophysiological stages of kidney stones in a working 45-year-old adult male

Grand Canyon University NRS 455 Describe in detail the pathophysiological stages of kidney stones in a working 45-year-old adult male-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NRS 455 Describe in detail the pathophysiological stages of kidney stones in a working 45-year-old adult male assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NRS 455 Describe in detail the pathophysiological stages of kidney stones in a working 45-year-old adult male                            

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NRS 455 Describe in detail the pathophysiological stages of kidney stones in a working 45-year-old adult male  depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NRS 455 Describe in detail the pathophysiological stages of kidney stones in a working 45-year-old adult male                          

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NRS 455 Describe in detail the pathophysiological stages of kidney stones in a working 45-year-old adult male  is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NRS 455 Describe in detail the pathophysiological stages of kidney stones in a working 45-year-old adult male                          

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NRS 455 Describe in detail the pathophysiological stages of kidney stones in a working 45-year-old adult male  assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NRS 455 Describe in detail the pathophysiological stages of kidney stones in a working 45-year-old adult male                          

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NRS 455 Describe in detail the pathophysiological stages of kidney stones in a working 45-year-old adult male                            

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NRS 455 Describe in detail the pathophysiological stages of kidney stones in a working 45-year-old adult male

Re: Topic 3 DQ 1

Kidney stones, also knows as renal calculi, are solid masses made of crystals that can form in the kidneys. The formation of crystals begins in supersaturated urine and can be composed of calcium, oxalate, and uric acid. “Calcium oxalate is by far the most common type of kidney stone. Around 80% of kidney stones are made of calcium and oxalate” (Betz, 2023). Over times, crystals aggregate and grow into larger stones. Contributing factors to stone development include decreased water intake and diet. As the stones grow, they can obstruct the flow of urine within the urinary tract. “Kidney stones can be a painful medical issues” and can cause potential damage to the kidney tissue. Small stones may pass through the urinary tract without significant symptoms. However, large stones can cause severe pain as they try to pass through the ureter.

Males may develop kidney stones more than women. Clinical manifestations of a healthy 45-year-old male may include flank pain, nausea, vomiting, hematuria, as well as frequent and/or painful urination. “In men, pain may radiate to the groin area. The pain of renal colic comes and goes but can be intense” (Biggers, 2023). If an obstruction is present, it can lead to urinary tract infections, hydronephrosis and in severe cases, kidney damage. Prognosis of the kidney stones depends on size and location. Some stones will pass on their own and others will need medical intervention.

When someone presents with signs of symptoms related to possible kidney stones, certain labs and diagnostic studies will be performed. A urine sample will be obtained to run a urinalysis to look for signs of infection and blood in urine. The urine may appear dark, cloudy or have blood. Blood tests will be collected to test for calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, electrolytes, kidney function, and for signs of infection. A CT scan will be a diagnostic test ordered to look for a stone.

A patient with symptoms indicating kidney stone or confirmed stone will be given both intravenous fluids and oral fluids to flush kidneys. They will also be given pain medication to help alleviate the pain associated with stone. If stone is determined to be too large to pass, a medical intervention will be decided by urology. A common procedure is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, also knows as ESWL. That breaks the stone into smaller pieces. Additional medications may be given to treat kidney infection or to prevent future stones from forming.

The nurse’s role is to support the patient. This includes managing pain, monitoring signs of complications and by providing education about the condition, treatment options and preventative measures. Kidney stones can be very painful and it is important to support the patient physically, emotionally and psychologically. Each patient may have a different pain tolerance and we should be respectful and show sympathy during their visit. To apply a concept based on the article “Statement of Human Flourishing”, as a nurse you can be compassionate and show love to your patient by tending to their needs. We have been instructed by God to love our neighbors. We can honor that by showing kindness and understanding to our patients when they are suffering.

References

Betz, M. (2023, April 11). The Kidney Stone Diet: Nutrition to Prevent Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stones. Retrieved from The Kidney Dietitian: https://www.thekidneydietitian.org/kidney-stone-diet/

Biggers, A. (2023, February 6). Everything You Need to Know About Kidney Stones. Retrieved from Healthline: https://www.healthline.com/health/kidney-stones

Sample Answer 2 for NRS 455 Describe in detail the pathophysiological stages of kidney stones in a working 45-year-old adult male

Kidney stones are crystallized salts and minerals in urine that aggregate together. (Orlando Health, 2021) Kidney stone vary in size form a grain of sand to the size of ping-pong balls and travel through the urinary tract. (Orlando Health, 2021) The four types of kidney stones are cystine, struvite, calcium oxalate, and uric acid. (National Kidney Foundation, n.d.) Kidney stones are possibly caused by drinking too little water, obesity, weight loss surgery, tool little or too much exercise or eating food with too much salt or sugar. (National Kidney Foundation, n.d.)

The clinical manifestations of kidney stones are usually not seen until the stones move around in the kidneys or start to travel down the ureters. (Mayo Clinic, 2022) Some of kidney stones symptoms are:

• “Severe, sharp pain in the side and back, below the ribs
• Pain that radiates to the lower abdomen and groin
• Pain that comes in waves and fluctuates in intensity
• Pain or burning sensation while urinating
• Severe, sharp pain in the side and back, below the ribs
• Pain that radiates to the lower abdomen and groin
• Pain that comes in waves and fluctuates in intensity
• Pain or burning sensation while urinating” (Mayo Clinic, 2022)

The symptoms can present individually or in any combinations.

The complications of kidney stones can be sepsis – an infection that spreads through the blood, causing symptoms throughout the whole body. a blocked ureter – caused by stone fragments; the ureter is the tube that attaches the kidney to the bladder. an injury to the ureter.” (NHS Inform, 2023).

Kidney stones are diagnosed through physical examination, health history, and imaging tests. (National Kidney Foundation, n.d.) “This can be done with a high-resolution CT scan from the kidneys down to the bladder or an x-ray called a “KUB x-ray” (kidney-ureter-bladder x-ray) which will show the size of the stone and its position. The KUB x-ray is often obtained by the surgeons to determine if the stone is suitable for shock wave treatment.” (National Kidney Foundation, n.d.)

The prognosis for kidney stones although painful, can be removed from the body without causing lasting damage. The treatment can be a simple as being asked to increase water intake and to pass the stones naturally or medication. (Mayo Clinic, 2022) If the stones are too big they might be removed with Shock-wave lithotripsy, or surgically removed. (National Kidney Foundation, n.d.) “Shock-wave lithotripsy is a noninvasive procedure that uses high-energy sound waves to blast the stones into fragments that are then more easily passed out in the urine. In ureteroscopy, an endoscope is inserted through the ureter to retrieve or obliterate the stone.” (National Kidney Foundation, n.d.)

The role of the nurse is to support the patient psychologically, physically, emotionally, and spiritually. The patient may experience fear of the outcome or procedure to remove the stones. With fear there a mix of emotions and empathetic, therapeutic listening and giving of self goes a long way in quieting those fears.

An example integrating concepts from the “Statement of Human Flourishing, “is compassionate care. Praying with the patient and family prior to a procedure if asked or merely observing silence. It is important to meet the patients’ needs non-judgmentally according to how they present’

References

Mayo Clinic. (2022, June 3). Retrieved from Kidney stones: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-stones/symptoms-causes/syc-20355755

National Kidney Foundation. (n.d.). Retrieved from Kidney Stones.

NHS Inform. (2023, Decenber 1). Retrieved from Kidney Stones: https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/kidneys-bladder-and-prostate/kidney-stones/#:~:text=Complications%20could%20include%3A,an%20injury%20to%20the%20ureter

Orlando Health. (2021, August 24). Retrieved from Why Men Are More at Risk for Kidney Stones: https://www.orlandohealth.com/content-hub/why-men-are-more-at-risk-for-kidney-stones

NRS-455 Topic 3 DQ 2 Sample Answer

Pancreatitis, I had an acute pancreatic attack in 2014 after taking some diet pills. I was in the hospital for almost 2 weeks with severe abdominal pain fever, needed an NG tube for nutrition after being NPO the first week.  I lost almost 20 pounds just being in the hospital, the worst experience ever, being a nurse and sick is the worst.  Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas that is often associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) that may impair the function of other organs.  (Chatila et al., 2019) Pancreatitis is one of the most common gastrointestinal causes of hospitalizations in 2015.  AP is usually caused by gallstones being the most common reason, followed by alcohol use being the second most common reason.  Other causes may be hypertryglyceridemia, idiopathic, drug, trauma, infections, hypercalcemia, vascular and genetic. (Pancreatitis – Symptoms and Causes – Mayo Clinic, n.d.)  Manifestations of pancreatitis include severe upper abdominal pain, high serum levels of amylase and lipase and detection by imaging with CT or MRI.  High morbidity and mortality are associated with acute pancreatitis.  High incidence of AP have been seen in women younger than 35.  Treatment for AP includes aggressive intravenous hydration, appropriate nutrition and pain management. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and surgery are important aspects in management of acute gallstone pancreatitis.  The nurses role in caring for patient with AP must have some empathy, due to the severe pain they are in and help keep it managed.  I know when I was in the hospital my nurse immediately called the doctor and asked for a pain pump, which I received within a few hours.  I thank her for that prompt critical thinking in keeping me comfortable.  Continuous assessments of vital signs ensure BP/HR is not increasing and/or developing a fever to report to the MD for possible antibiotics if needed.  The nurse should also be knowledgeable in AP to educate the patient on the importance of reporting any other symptoms or concerns to the RN immediately.  Ensure the call button is within the patient’s reach and, most of all, let the patient know that they will be taken care of.  

References 

Chatila, A. T., Bilal, M., & Guturu, P. (2019). Evaluation and management of acute pancreatitis. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 7(9), 1006–1020. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v7.i9.1006 

Pancreatitis – symptoms and causes – mayo clinic. (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pancreatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20360227#:~:text=Acute%20pancreatitis%20symptoms%20may%20include%3A%201%20Pain%20in,5%20Rapid%20pulse.%206%20Upset%20stomach.%207%20Vomiting.