NRS 455 Discuss what symptoms are associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis

Grand Canyon University NRS 455 Discuss what symptoms are associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NRS 455 Discuss what symptoms are associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NRS 455 Discuss what symptoms are associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis                            

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NRS 455 Discuss what symptoms are associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis  depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NRS 455 Discuss what symptoms are associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis                          

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NRS 455 Discuss what symptoms are associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis  is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NRS 455 Discuss what symptoms are associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis                          

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NRS 455 Discuss what symptoms are associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis  assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NRS 455 Discuss what symptoms are associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis                          

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NRS 455 Discuss what symptoms are associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis                            

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NRS 455 Discuss what symptoms are associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis

Re: Topic 4 DQ 2

Hypersensitivity reaction is an exaggerated immune response to an antigen which results in local tissue injury and may include life-threatening systemic effects.  Symptoms may include Fever, nausea, vomiting, flushing, back pain, angioedema, rash, dyspnea, bronchospasm, feelings of impending doom, circulatory collapse.  (Brooks & Editor, 2011)

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction that presents many clinical manifestations and can result in mortality.  It may be caused by food, medication or venom. Symptoms include hives, pruritus or flushing, swollen lips-tongue-uvula, dyspnea, wheeze-bronchospasm, stridor, hypoxemia, reduced blood pressure or symptoms of end-organ dysfunction; acute onset of hypotension or bronchospasm, laryngeal involvement, rash/erythema/flushing, and angioedema.  Epinephrine is the first-line drug to treat acute symptoms, airway protection, and  epinephrine auto-injector should be prescribed for each patient.  Antihistamines and systemic corticosteroids are used to relieve symptoms.(Quoc et al., 2021)

As a nurse, it is critical to have the knowledge to be able to identify these situations since they may be life-threatening.  Recognizing high-risk patients and situations is an essential first step in reducing HSR morbidity and mortality. Clinical variables known to increase the risk for hypersensitivity include a personal history of drug or food allergy.  Considering the fact that there are several stages of hypersensitivity and reactions, since every patient is different, it is crucial for the nurse to be able to help manifest each symptom and apply interventions accordingly.  The management of a patient with anaphylaxis should start with the removal of exposure to the known or suspected trigger, if still possible, followed by the assessment of the patient’s circulation, airway patency, breathing, mental status, skin, and, if possible, weight.  (Quoc et al., 2021)

References

Abbas, M., Moussa, M., & Akel, H. (2023). Type i hypersensitivity reaction. Retrieved March 2, 2024, from http://europepmc.org/books/NBK560561

Brooks, K., & Editor, P. (2011, April 5). Acute hypersensitivity reactions: What nurses need to know – johns hopkins nursing magazine. Johns Hopkins Nursing Magazine. Retrieved March 2, 2024, from https://magazine.nursing.jhu.edu/2011/04/acute-hypersensitivity-reactions-what-nurses-need-to-know/

Quoc, Q., Bich, T., Jang, J.-H., & Park, H.-S. (2021). Recent update on the management of anaphylaxis. Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine, 8(3), 160–172. https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.21.121

Sample Answer 2 for NRS 455 Discuss what symptoms are associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis

Hypersensitivity is also known as an allergic reaction. Symptoms associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis can range from mild to severe. “Mild allergic reactions may present with itching, hives, water eyes, rash, scratchy throat and rhinitis” (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2018a). “Anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening allergic reaction requiring immediate response” (Falkner, Pathophysiology: Clinical Applications for Client Health, 2022). Symptoms of anaphylaxis may include flushing, nausea, vomiting, fever, rash, hives, angioedema, feelings of impending doom, bronchospasm, back pain, and circulatory collapse. The nurse can differentiate from other conditions by assessing the patient, assessing the symptoms present and asking clarifying questions regarding known allergies or triggers. The nurse will also be able to assess the patient for airway compromise and oral swelling. If the nurse suspects anaphylaxis, immediate intervention needs to be administered including epinephrine, steroids and antihistamines. Once administered the nurse must observe the patient closely to see if symptoms are subsiding and airway is no longer compromised. The nurse has a crucial role to educate the patients of the severity of allergic reactions and potential anaphylaxis. The nurse will need to ensure the patient is aware of the allergies, the triggers, what to do if they begin experiencing the symptoms and must also make sure the patient has an epi pen at all times. The nurse needs to educate both the patient and the family on how to properly administer an epi pen injection in the event of an emergency.

References

Falkner, A. (2022). Pathophysiology: Clinical Applications for Client Health. Grand Canyon University.

U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2018a). Allergic reactions. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000005.htm

Sample Answer 3 for NRS 455 Discuss what symptoms are associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis

Hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis are defined as acute immune system reactions characterized by acute hypersensitivity reactions. They are referred to as life-threatening allergic reactions that happen in a short period after exposure to allergic substances like hives, swelling, shock or sudden reduced blood pressure (Kotowska, 2020). The initial and progression signs and symptoms include affecting parts of the skin, airways and cardiac system, especially for anaphylaxis and result in breathing problems and difficulties, among other body functionalities. Other symptoms are dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and weak and rapid pulse rate. Immediate medical intervention for epinephrine injection is necessary. The common triggers of hypersensitivity are medication and food such as peanuts, venom, and latex reactions (Tedner et al., 2022).

The nurses have comprehensive knowledge for assessing and examining the specific patient conditions to have the clinical diagnosis of the patient’s condition that will differentiate them from other issues. Through the nursing process, the nurse will determine the patients’ conditions, their severity, and immediate interventions. They include the hives and symptoms on specific body parts associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. Multiple organs are affected with clear signs like hypotension, swelling of the lips and tongue and respiratory difficulties. Further and quick patient assessment will include their medical history and allergen exposure history and determine the immediate action and other necessary modalities to manage their condition.

Immediately, an epinephrine injection is applied to the thighs to handle the deadly allergies with close patient monitoring and evaluation, and the dosage is repeated after 10-15 minutes if no change is experienced (de Silva et al., 2021). Albuterol with a nebulizer can be conducted to manage the respiratory distress and normalize the breathing and respiratory system. Further management involves the nurse assessing and identifying the possible causes and allergens that triggered the reactions and providing necessary health promotion education to prevent its reoccurrence and severity. The comprehensive patient will be conducted to ensure the symptoms are managed, possible medication reactions, appropriate blood flow, and stable blood pressure to have the vital signs managed and prevent conditions like fainting. Provide emotional support and linkage to helpful resources that will be informative to the patient with secondary and tertiary health education to have overall good health and quality of life.

References

de Silva, D., Singh, C., Muraro, A., Worm, M., Alviani, C., Cardona, V., … & European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines Group. (2021). Diagnosing, managing and preventing anaphylaxis: systematic review. Allergy, 76(5), 1493-1506.

Kotowska, A. (2020). Assessing of patients’ knowledge of anaphylactic shock and allergies. Medical Science Pulse, 14(4), 31-40. 1546062.pdf (medicalsciencepulse.com)

Tedner, S. G., Asarnoj, A., Thulin, H., Westman, M., Konradsen, J. R., & Nilsson, C. (2022). Food allergy and hypersensitivity reactions in children and adults—A review. Journal of internal medicine, 291(3), 283-302. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/joim.13422 

Sample Answer 4 for NRS 455 Discuss what symptoms are associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis

Thank you for highlighting the nurse’s role in a clinical setting, regarding anaphylaxis.  I was faced with this when working an immunization event at a college campus, just prior to the start of their fall semester.  I was working for Immunize Northern Nevada and we would provide immunizations at various locations throughout the northern part of the state.  I had been participating in this for quite sometime and had never had an issue arise until the fall of 2021, at the college.
An incoming student came to us for her influenza vaccine. After receiving a vaccine, patients are required to remain in view for 15 minutes, in order to monitor for any adverse reactions.  Within that 15 minutes, she reported feeling unwell.  This included feelings of itchiness, hives, elevated respiratory rate, hypotension, and syncopy.  After assessing the girl, a member of our clinical team call 911.   Another member provided IM antihistamine followed by an epi-pen injection.  We prepared oxygen therapy but the ambulance had already arrived and the patient’s vital signs began to stabilize.  She did go to the hospital by way of ambulance. What happened from there, I do no know.

Anaphylactic reaction to an influenza vaccine is incredibly rare at a rate of 1.35 cases per million doses (Kim, et. al., 2020). However, due to the amount of vaccines given yearly, it is important to be aware of the possibility and be armed with life saving tools, when working with vaccine administration.

Reference:

Kim, M. J., Shim, D. H., Cha, H. R., Kim, C. B., Kim, S. Y., Park, J. H., Sohn, M. H., Lee, J. M., & Kim, K. W. (2020). Delayed-Onset Anaphylaxis Caused by IgE Response to Influenza Vaccination. Allergy, asthma & immunology research, 12(2), 359–363. https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2020.12.2.359