NRS 493 Compare and contrast two change theories, and determine which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP intervention

Grand Canyon University NRS 493 Compare and contrast two change theories, and determine which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP intervention-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NRS 493 Compare and contrast two change theories, and determine which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP intervention assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NRS 493 Compare and contrast two change theories, and determine which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP intervention                            

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NRS 493 Compare and contrast two change theories, and determine which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP intervention  depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NRS 493 Compare and contrast two change theories, and determine which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP intervention                          

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NRS 493 Compare and contrast two change theories, and determine which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP intervention  is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NRS 493 Compare and contrast two change theories, and determine which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP intervention                          

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NRS 493 Compare and contrast two change theories, and determine which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP intervention  assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NRS 493 Compare and contrast two change theories, and determine which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP intervention                          

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NRS 493 Compare and contrast two change theories, and determine which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP intervention                            

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NRS 493 Compare and contrast two change theories, and determine which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP intervention

Re: Topic 4 DQ 2

One change theory, very widely used in nursing, is Lewin’s Change Theory. Lewin developed the change model to illustrate how people react when facing changes in their lives. The three stages of this process include unfreezing (the person has an existing state), moving or changing towards new ways of being, and then refreezing into a new state. The theory has barriers and facilitators, referred to as driving and resistant forces. Driving forces facilitate change because they push the person in the desired direction. For this theory to be successful the facilitating factors must overcome barriers and resistance (Current Nursing, 2020).

Kotter’s Eight-Step Change Model, created in 1995, includes the following change management steps: create a sense of urgency for change, form a guiding change team, create a vision and plan for change, communicate the change vision and plan with stakeholders, remove change barriers, provide short-term wins, build on the change, and make the change stick in the culture. According to Kotter change happens when at least 75% of employees are convinced that change is necessary. This sense of urgency is developed among employees by “change leaders” with a focus on what are new realities, what are threats and new opportunities. In this theory, the vision for change needs to be agreed upon Barrow, Annamaraju &Toney-Butler, 2021).

Lewin and Kotter’s theories both must overcome resistance for change to occur. Lewin’s theory, more generalized, is described in three steps as opposed to Knotter’s whose theory put emphasis on organizations, highlighting teamwork and coalition formation.

References

Barrow, J. M., Annamaraju, P., & Toney-Butler, T. J. (2021). Change Management. StatPearls StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459380

Current Nursing. (2020). Change Theory – Kurt Lewin.  https://www.currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/change_theory.html

Sample Answer 2 for NRS 493 Compare and contrast two change theories, and determine which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP intervention

Kurt Lewin not only has a nursing theory, he is considered the father of social psychology and the designer of the nursing model known as Change Theory and it his original theory which others have used as a foundation. (Petiprin, 2020). Lewin’s Change Theory is known as the “unfreeze-change-refreeze model” with 3-concepts or steps which are the “driving forces, restraining forces and equilibrium” per Petiprin (2020). The key points of Lewin’s change model is compelling forces, “restraining forces and equilibrium” (Petiprin, 2020).

Step 1 = “Unfreeze”: to put aside old ways of doing things. Helping people to do away with old patters or habits, increasing the key need to readdress away from the something has always been done.

Step 2 – “Change” in ways of thinking, acting and/or feeling that is a more productive manner.

Step 3 = “Refreeze” establishing solid actions, ways of doing things or habits in such (firm/solid/established) way that the actions, thoughts or feeling replace the prior. If this is not fully established the olde ways shall become new again ~ not actually replaced per Petiprin, 2020. (side thought: if no fresh trays and water for the “icecubes of life”…trays of ice just left on the counter and melted, but not really dealt with ~ using the same olde water, not a fresh source for fresh cubes to be created)

Lippitt has a Seven-Step Change Theory that has the foundation of Levin’s change theory [er .

Step 1: Acknowledge (Diagnosis) the problem: come to grips as to the issue or problem by looking at information, data or the big picture to assess what needs to be and that whoever shall be affected by the change is committed to the outcome needed.

Step 2: “Assess the change agent’s motivation and capability for change”: assess what shall be needed to in the process of achieving the change.

Step 3: “Assess the change agent’s motivation, resources, experiences, stamina and dedication”

Step 4: “Select progressive change objectives”: assess what needs to be done, what is needed to achieve accomplish it and how to go about it to get it done.

Step 5: “Explain the role of the change agent to all employees” to assure everyone fully comprehends what is needed and expected of them.

Step 6: “Maintain change”: encourage and welcome interaction from employees

Step 7: “Gradually terminate the helping relationship of the change agent”: due to a full understanding and utilization of change incorporated, the change agent shall not be needed, as the employees shall fully realize the importance of the changes made and shall “take ownership” going forward and sharing the information/new ways/procedures/interventions with others. (per Wisconsin Technical Manner, n.d.)

The comparison is that Lippitt’s change theory made use of the foundation of Levin’s change theory which was concise and to the point and branched it out to expound upon it, creating a more detailed set of steps (WTCS, n.d.). Although it seems too many steps, Lippitt’s 7-Step Change Theory seems to make most sense, especially in the light of out-patient care regarding Covid-19 at the site of my preceptorship and capstone. The site I am at does not utilize either theory, yet verbalized Lippitt’s theory would work well in most medical settings.

Resources

Petiprin, A. (2020). Kurt Lewin – Nursing theorist. Nursing Theory. https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Kurt-Lewin.php

Wisconsin Technical College System (WTCS) . (n.d.). https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmpc/chapter/4-3-implementing-change/#footnote-993-1

Sample Answer 3 for NRS 493 Compare and contrast two change theories, and determine which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP intervention

There are many different change theories that are in nursing. Having change in the healthcare system and in nursing, is an essential part of improving the healthcare system. It is also vital to improving the health of the patients and the healthcare system. As nurses, taking upon that leadership role is how change can be established. As our patients care needs grow in complexity, change is always needed to provide the best care possible. Providing an environment that is positive and is capable of an environment that can change, is vital. A theory that is directly related to change, is Lewin’s change theory. Kurt Lewin had developed a change model that had three different steps to it. The three different steps had included unfreezing, changing, and refreezing (Wilcox, et al. 2018). According to Lewin, the process of change looks at creating the perception that change is needed, then moving towards the new change, and developing that change as the new normal (Wilcox, et al. 2018). This theory requires the leaders to reject prior knowledge and then replace it with the new information directed towards change (Wilcox, et al. 2018). Understanding the strengths that are needed to bring about new change. The unfreezing stage looks to let go of old patterns and facilitate individuals to overcome resistance and facilitate the change. It looks at the strengths and weaknesses of the change process. The next stage the change, looks at the feelings or behaviors towards the change. It looks to persuade others in the development of the change. It looks to work with others in the development of the change process. And the final stage, refreezing looks to establish new habits and behaviors in the development of the change. A new balance and a new normal is developed in the process of change (Wilcox, et al. 2018). The next change theory is by Everette Rogers. Rogers had modified Lewin’s change theory and had created a five-stage theory system of his own. These five stages had included knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation (Mohammadi, et al. 2018). This theory looks at long term change projects. The first step looks at the first idea of change. This is when the first idea of change in present, but the information is lacking on how to bring about the change. Persuasion is when the individual is interested in the change and looks to find information and details regarding the change. The next stage is decision, this is whether the change would take place or not. Then if the change is implemented over time. And then finally confirmation, where the change would be made permanent (Mohammadi, et al. 2018). Both theories look at the development of change, but Roger’s theory looks at the change in a more in-depth approach in the development and implementation of change. The use of both theories would be useful in my evidence-based project proposal. Both would be helpful in the use towards change. Although Rogers theory looks at a more in-depth way to come about change, and the decision to make that change. This theory looks at getting help from others and persuading others towards the development of the change. My preceptor has used Roger’s theory. She is a wound nurse as well and looks at the proper usage of how to protect wounds and to improve healing. She looks to help to persuade others and the hospital to use certain materials to improve wound healing.

Mohammadi, Mohammad Mehdi, et al. “Evaluating the Adoption of Evidence-Based Practice Using Rogers’s Diffusion of Innovation Theory: A Model Testing Study.” Health Promotion Perspectives, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 7 Jan. 2018, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5797305/.

Willcox, Amanda, et al. “Common Change Theories and Application to Different Nursing Situations.” Leadership and Influencing Change in Nursing, University of Regina Press, 30 June 2018, https://opentextbooks.uregina.ca/leadershipandinfluencingchangeinnursing/chapter/chapter-9-common-change-theories-and-application-to-different-nursing-situations/.