NU 641 Week 6 Discussion: Infection Case Study
Regis University NU 641 Week 6 Discussion: Infection Case Study-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Regis University NU 641 Week 6 Discussion: Infection Case Study assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NU 641 Week 6 Discussion: Infection Case Study
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Regis University NU 641 Week 6 Discussion: Infection Case Study depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NU 641 Week 6 Discussion: Infection Case Study
The introduction for the Regis University NU 641 Week 6 Discussion: Infection Case Study is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
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How to Write the Body for NU 641 Week 6 Discussion: Infection Case Study
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NU 641 Week 6 Discussion: Infection Case Study assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NU 641 Week 6 Discussion: Infection Case Study
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NU 641 Week 6 Discussion: Infection Case Study
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for NU 641 Week 6 Discussion: Infection Case Study
Most exacerbating of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are usually caused by respiratory tract infections. As such, empiric antibiotic therapy can only be considered when the patient displays signs of bacterial infection. According to the GOLD guidelines, antibiotic therapy is only recommended among patients who are critically ill, and displays at least two of the following symptoms including increased dyspnea, increased sputum purulence, and increased sputum production just as displayed in the case of A.M (Li et al., 2019). However, not all patients with the three cardinal symptoms will benefit from antibiotic therapy. As such, it is also necessary to consider the evaluation of biomarkers such as procalcitonin to determine patients who are most likely to benefit from antibiotic therapy.
The most common bacteria that are known to cause acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Hemophilus influenzae (Ritchie & Wedzicha, 2020). However, for the case of A.M, the most likely causative pathogen is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The patient’s chest X-ray findings revealed negative results for pneumonia. Consequently, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered to be one of the most common nosocomial pathogens which become more prevalent among patients with severe underlying disease. A.M displayed a history of significant COPD with chronic bronchitis, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension. Additionally, the sputum gram stain revealed purulent sputum present in the white blood cells, which indicates the presence of a bacterial infection.
Antibiotics recommended by the GOLD guidelines for the management of an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis include azithromycin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, or doxycycline. However, in the case of patients who have used antibiotics in the last 30 days, or present with the recurrent disease just like for the case of A.M use of an antibiotic from a different class such as Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMX/TMS) is recommended. SMX/TMS is a combination of two active pharmaceutical ingredients with a synergistic effect (Joyner et al., 2020). Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial dihydrofolic acid as a result of being structurally similar to an endogenous substrate known as para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Sulfamethoxazole is a competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase which is responsible for converting PABA to dihydrofolic acid essential for the synthesis of purines and DNA of the bacteria, hence leading to a bacteriostatic effect (Dietrich et al., 2019). Trimethoprim on the other hand acts by reversibly inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, which is an essential enzyme responsible for the formation of tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) from dihydrofolic acid (DHF). THF is essential for the synthesis of bacterial nucleic acids and proteins. A combination of the two drugs inhibits two consecutive steps in the synthesis of bacterial nucleic acid and proteins exhibiting a bactericidal effect. The patient must be informed that this medication can lead to increased sensitivity to the sun, hence A.M should limit his time in the sun when using SMX/TMS. Additionally, the drug is known to affect the blood sugar levels of patients with diabetes, like A.M. As such, he should be advised to monitor his blood sugar levels more frequently.
References
Dietrich, E., Klinker, K. P., Li, J., Nguyen, C. T., Quillen, D., & Davis, K. A. (2019). Antibiotic stewardship for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Therapeutics, 26(4), e499-e501. DOI: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000717
Joyner, K. R., Walkerly, A., Seidel, K., Walsh, N., Damshekan, N., Perry, T., & Soric, M. M. (2020). Comparison of narrow-versus broad-spectrum antibiotics in elderly patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 0897190020938190. https://doi.org/10.1177/0897190020938190
Li, Z., Yuan, X., Yu, L., Wang, B., Gao, F., & Ma, J. (2019). Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an updated meta-analysis. Medicine, 98(32). DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000016775
Ritchie, A. I., & Wedzicha, J. A. (2020). Definition, causes, pathogenesis, and consequences of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. Clinics in chest medicine, 41(3), 421-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2020.06.007