NUR 514 The Evolution of Nursing Informatics Presentation

Grand Canyon University NUR 514 The Evolution of Nursing Informatics Presentation – Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NUR 514 The Evolution of Nursing Informatics Presentation assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NUR 514 The Evolution of Nursing Informatics Presentation

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NUR 514 The Evolution of Nursing Informatics Presentation depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NUR 514 The Evolution of Nursing Informatics Presentation

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NUR 514 The Evolution of Nursing Informatics Presentation is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NUR 514 The Evolution of Nursing Informatics Presentation

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NUR 514 The Evolution of Nursing Informatics Presentation assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NUR 514 The Evolution of Nursing Informatics Presentation

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NUR 514 The Evolution of Nursing Informatics Presentation

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NUR 514 The Evolution of Nursing Informatics Presentation

Presentation’s Outline

Health care delivery has evolved in multiple dimensions in response to the complex health problems facing patients and populations. Central to this evolution is nursing informatics, which helps nursing practitioners use technology and data for improved clinical outcomes and other objectives. The purpose of this presentation is to define nursing informatics and explore how it has evolved. Other important sections include the effects of nursing informatics on leadership, clinical practice, administration, education, and research. The presentation also explores how government regulation affects organizational policies on health information systems, nurse-led innovation and its use, and the nurse’s role in transforming health care data into knowledge.

Nursing Informatics Definition

Nursing informatics (NI) is a crucial specialty as far as the evolution of nursing is concerned. McGonigle and Mastrian (2021) defined nursing informatics as integrating nursing science with multiple information and analytical sciences for the purpose of identifying, defining, managing, and communicating data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice. The broad definition of nursing informatics depicts it as a field where concepts are drawn from multiple sciences to improve nursing through data and information. The continued integration of data and information has enabled nursing to be more dependent on technologies that support data processing to create knowledge and generate wisdom in nursing practice.

Role of the nurse informaticist

To better understand what nursing informatics entails, it is crucial to explore the everyday role of a nurse informaticist in the highly tech-driven nursing practice. According to Kwiatkoski (2021), the nurse informaticist’s role revolves around supporting positive clinical and patient outcomes via information technology and exploring solutions. Routinely, nurse informaticists guide health care facilities in adopting health information technology (IT) and facilitating communication between clinical staff and the IT department. These roles underscore the importance of nursing informatics in the integration and expansion of functionalities for health technologies to address clinical problems. Other critical roles include supporting patient data analysis for improved decision-making, solving informatics-related problems, and developing policies regarding data and technology in nursing.

History of Nursing Informatics

Nursing informatics has a rich history dating back to the 1950s when its pioneers discovered the potential of computers in nursing practice. According to McGonigle and Mastrian (2021), computers became more commonplace in the 1970s and 1980s, and more nurses played a fundamental role in developing approaches to integrate computers into health care. These developments were followed by the formal definition of nursing informatics in the late 1980s before the foundation of the American Medical Informatics Association in the late 1990s. The American Nurses Association (ANA) recognized nursing informatics as an independent specialty in 1992, laying the foundation of progressive development characterized by the publication and gradual update of the informatics’ scope of standards.

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The evolution of nursing informatics is characterized by massive changes in how nurses approach health care delivery and get involved in improving outcomes. In a brief of the specialty as an evolving field, Garcia-Dia (2021) mentioned that there has been more interest in the field and an inevitable expansion of the informatics role. Besides direct engagement in technology adoption in nursing, nurse informaticists can assume other roles as system educators, analysts, and project architects. Supportive tools like electronic health records, clinical datasets, and sophisticated analytics allow nurses to use data better to improve clinical effectiveness (Coppersmith et al., 2019). As new technologies emerge and data use increases, laws and government policies to govern nursing informatics have also increased. This evolution predicts further changes as time advances to enable nursing to benefit from the promise of informatics.

Effects of Nursing Informatics on Nursing Leadership

Strong nursing leadership requires leaders to possess multiple skills that combine systems thinking, interpersonal communication, and clinical knowledge. According to Knox (2019), technological evolution through nursing informatics allows nurse leaders to improve communication among individuals and departments through information and communication technologies that allow data exchange. Besides communication, data-driven leadership and monitoring of work lead to better coordination of service delivery, particularly patient care. Technological tools also allow nurse leaders to use data for system-level planning, such as assigning roles depending on the workload. Other leadership roles that technology use improves include quality monitoring and assurance, clinical decision-making, and problem-solving.

How Nursing Informatics affects Clinical Practice

The effects of nursing informatics can be best understood through the relationship between technology and improved clinical outcomes. By improving communication and data sharing, nursing informatics has greatly improved patient-provider interactions whose effectiveness depends on information exchange. Al Najjar and Shafie (2022) found that nursing informatics underpins high-quality care since data can be processed and analyzed more accurately to guide clinical decision-making. The increased use of electronic health records, telehealth, and other technologies has also improved critical aspects like access to care, diagnosis, error reduction, and patient safety. Such technologies further reduce the nurses’ workload by making paperwork redundant while making information readily accessible. Clinical workflows are also better with technology and nursing science, leading to high patient satisfaction.

How Nursing Informatics Affects Administration

Health care administration has much to do with overseeing operations to ensure they are executed as expected. Integration of technology and scientific advancements have enabled health care administrators and managers to organize the clinical environment better, improve reporting, and streamline operational processes. These administrative features have improved due to the continued use of electronic systems, tools, and apps that help leaders oversee processes more effectively. The availability of data and management tools is associated with higher efficiency, hence reducing costs.  The opportunities that nursing informatics tools bring to health care administration underline the need for leaders to incorporate emerging technological trends and support a culture that encourages innovation to gain from the promise of informatics.

How Nursing Informatics Affects Education

Nursing education has also evolved due to informatics, and many changes are expected as time advances. This evolution is possible due to the potential of online programs to improve access to education. Harerimana et al. (2022) found nursing informatics vital in education by supporting virtual teaching and learning, implying that nurses can learn online worldwide. This increases the pool of nurses that can absorbed into the practice to reduce the ever-increasing workload. Besides facilitating online learning, nursing informatics tools enable educators to assess the learning process and educational outcomes via data analytics. Such developments in education improve how nursing education is offered and its access to diverse populations worldwide.

How Nursing Informatics Affects Research

Research involves a concerted effort to acquire new knowledge in nursing. Harerimana et al. (2022) found nursing informatics instrumental in laying the foundation of nursing research by enabling patient outcomes evaluation, supporting evidence-based practice, and helping nursing researchers to standardize terminologies common in nursing. Patient outcomes evaluation helps nursing professionals and leaders identify areas where advanced knowledge is needed and engage in appropriate research. Harerimana et al. (2022) also noted that nursing informatics helps to expand virtual knowledge bases through research. Some of the trends dominating nursing research include big data application in health care, artificial intelligence potential, care coordination, and mobile health.

Government Regulation and Organizational Policy on Health Information Systems

The government regulates the integration and use of health information systems through laws. For instance, the 21st Century Cures Act was established to improve electronic health information flow and exchange (HealthIT.gov, 2023). The HITECH Act of 2009 promotes safe and efficient health IT while advocating private and secure information exchange. The HIPAA Act recommends the establishment of safeguards to protect personal health information (HealthIT.gov, 2023). Adherence to these rules requires health care organizations to formulate policies that promote usability, security, interoperability, and other elements as the government demands. Collaboration between health care leaders and nursing teams is crucial for ethical administration and use of electronic health records and other information categorized as protected or private data.

Nurse-led Innovation in Informatics

The rapid development and progress of nursing technology and science have empowered nurses to engage in innovative practices to improve how, when, and where patient care is offered. Gao et al. (2022) described innovation as nurses’ ability to seek and develop new methods, technologies, and tools. As a result, nurse-led innovation is characterized by nurses playing a central role in these developments. Gao et al. (2022) further demonstrated nursing innovation as a focused and outcome-driven effort to promote health, prevent diseases, and modernize work processes. This is achieved through better tools, creative procedures, support channels, and teamwork.  The potential for innovation to improve health outcomes underlines the need for support in current and future practice.

Using Informatics Innovation to Improve Patient Care Quality

Patient care quality depends on the interventions used in delivering patient care. As Batko and Ślęzak (2022) noted, big data analytics provide detailed clinical practice insight, facilitating informed decision-making regarding patients’ diagnosis and treatment. This knowledge enables nursing practitioners to tailor the treatment plan to patient needs, promoting patient-centered care.  Innovative tools, methods, and technologies also enable clinicians and nurse leaders to manage patient records more efficiently and reduce medical errors because of improved diagnostic accuracy. Other innovation-related benefits include improved patient-provider communication and safe storage and processing of private data. These developments improve patient care quality, increasing satisfaction and utilization of health care.

Transforming Health Care Data into Knowledge

Health care data can only be meaningful when translated into knowledge and utilized effectively. According to Coppersmith et al. (2019), data transformation into knowledge commences with collecting accurate data. Then, the data is analyzed, and findings are applied to quality improvement programs. In routine practice, such a scenario involves collecting data among diabetic patients using electronic health records or from mobile apps and maximizing the potential of big data analytics to identify trends. Common trends include infection patterns, medication adherence, and access to care challenges. Quality improvement programs to achieve high-quality care include patient education, increased monitoring, or home-based care as guided by the data trends.

Summary

In conclusion, it is crucial to highlight the main points of this presentation. Pivotal in the evolution of health care, nursing informatics is characterized by integrating nursing science with information and analytical sciences to communicate data for improved patient outcomes. Central features of informatics include data, technologies, and innovation that shape critical aspects of care, such as access, communication, and treatment. By digitizing patient care, nursing informatics allows care providers to improve processes and outcomes, leading to high patient satisfaction. As a key component of the evolving nursing practice, nurse-led innovation involves nurses playing a leading role in developing tools, methods, and technologies that can be used to transform data into knowledge. Overall, nursing informatics is a crucial specialty that enables health care facilities to deliver patient care that meets evolving patient needs.

References

•Al Najjar, R. I., & Shafie, Z. M. (2022). Impact of nursing informatics on the quality of patient care. International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research Studies, 2(5), 418-421. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmscrs/v2-i5-19

•Batko, K., & Ślęzak, A. (2022). The use of big data analytics in healthcare. Journal of Big Data, 9(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-021-00553-4

•Coppersmith, N. A., Sarkar, I. N., & Chen, E. S. (2019). Quality informatics: the convergence of healthcare data, analytics, and clinical excellence. Applied Clinical Informatics, 10(2), 272–277. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685221

•Gao, L., Lu, Q., Hou, X., Ou, J., & Wang, M. (2022). Effectiveness of a nursing innovation workshop at enhancing nurses’ innovation abilities: a quasi-experimental study. Nursing Open, 9(1), 418–427. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1080

•Garcia-dia, M. J. (2021). Nursing informatics: an evolving specialty. Nursing Management, 52(5), 56. doi:10.1097/01.NUMA.0000743444.08164.b4

•Harerimana, A., Wicking, K., Biedermann, N., & Yates, K. (2022). Nursing informatics in undergraduate nursing education in australia before COVID-19: a scoping review. Collegian (Royal College Of Nursing, Australia), 29(4), 527–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2021.11.004

•HealthIT.Gov. (2023). HealthIT legislation. https://www.healthit.gov/topic/laws-regulation-and-policy/health-it-legislation

•Knox, A. (2019). Informatics in nursing leadership: leading in the age of technology. Canadian Journal Of Nursing Informatics, 14(1-2). Https://tinyurl.com/y6pfs9j3

•Kwiatkoski, T. (2021). Nursing informaticists are the backbone of technology-driven care. ONSVOICE. https://voice.ons.org/news-and-views/nursing-informaticists-are-the-backbone-of-technology-driven-care

•Mcgonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. (2021). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

The American Nursing Informatics Association (ANIA) is a professional organization focused on advancing nursing informatics through education, research, and practice in all nursing roles and practice settings. A review of this website offers critical resources for informatics nurses and other nursing practice professionals (ANIA, 2023). These resources include educational, career and professional development center, information on certification for nurse informaticists, and information on publications run by the association. The educational resources on the website include webinars, recordings from conferences, and information on current trends in nursing informatics. The career center lists jobs, career advice and professional development aspects to enhance nurses’ overall knowledge and application of care practices (McGonigle et al., 2021). Information on certification helps nursing informaticists to develop effective approaches to the certification process as they advance and specialize in care delivery. The website’s other critical resource entails its publications like the Journal of Informatics Nursing (JIN) that contains original research and best practices.

The website is a rich networking resource that nursing informatics professionals can leverage to expand their interactions with others. These include being a member of the association which allows one to connect and interact with other professionals in the field and be part of discussion forums while also having access to member-only resources, and conferences (Wang et al., 2019). The association hosts annual conferences and associated events which offer excellence opportunities for networking and meeting professionals as well as get to learn from experts (ANIA, 2022). The other networking resource is volunteering with ANIA that helps one build relationships with other professionals and contribute to the overall advancement of the specialty. The implication is that the ANAI website offers valuable resources for all professionals interested in nursing informatics.

NUR 514 Benchmark – Electronic Health Record Implementation Paper Sample Answer

Benchmark- Electronic Health Record Implementation Paper 

Health care delivery evolves in multiple dimensions as nursing professionals and stakeholders invent new strategies for addressing complex patient needs. Central to this advancement is nursing informatics, which involves synthesizing nursing, information, and computer sciences to manage and communicate data and information (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2021). Nursing informatics enables providers to integrate tools, technologies, and methods to collect, analyze, and apply vast health care data. Such improved capabilities empower nurses to implement electronic health records (EHRs) for improved patient outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of implementing a new EHR within a practice setting purposed to capture data to inspire improvements and quality change. 

Opportunity for Tracking Care Improvement 

Opportunities for tracking care improvement are characterized by intensive and accurate data collection, analysis, and management to address performance gaps. A suitable opportunity in the current practice where EHR implementation would be highly beneficial is using real-time data to identify high-risk patients to prevent 30-day unscheduled readmission. According to Ashfaq et al. (2019), precise readmission risk prediction could effectively guide health care practitioners in deciding whether a patient is ready for discharge or should be enrolled in an intervention program. An EHR-driven prediction model would enable the health care facility to collect the relevant data when the patient is receiving care to predict the readmission probability at discharge. 

The problematic nature of readmissions requires nursing practitioners to have timely, accurate, and sufficient data for informed decision-making. A database is critical to operations management since it promotes precise, consistent data storage. In the present tech-based nursing, the sequence of primary care visits usually represents the patient in an EHR. In this case, the most critical data is what identifies patients and their health conditions. Ashfaq et al. (2019) categorized this data into demographic features and the patient’s clinical state. Demographic features include the patient’s age, gender, residence, and the type of visit. Clinical state data include lab results, diagnoses, and vitals recorded during an inpatient visit.   

Role Informatics Plays in Ability to Capture Data 

Informatics is the spine for data-driven nursing and informed use of innovative technological systems for high-quality care. Among many roles, informatics enables nurses and other health care staff to collect timely data in different formats from multiple sources. Nursing informatics facilitates the safe storage of essential data since it can be backed up by ensuring it is available in multiple devices and systems. As Dash et al. (2019) mentioned, nursing informatics facilitates data organization during collection for easy analysis. Such organization is witnessed when patient’s clinical data is matched with their needs. Generally, informatics makes data readily available for decision-making and ensures care providers can access it in multiple formats as situations necessitate. 

Implementing electronic health systems is intensive since they consume time and resources. Applying the appropriate project management strategies and methodologies can effectively support informatics initiatives to improve quality within the clinical practice. Valuable strategies to manage and implement complex projects include goal-oriented leadership and utilizing a work breakdown structure. Visionary leadership allows a team to work together for a common goal. It prevents potential conflicts when executing projects by clarifying roles and supervising progress. Alam and Gühl (2022) described a work breakdown structure as organizing the work into manageable sections. These sections (smaller components) allow efficient resource allocation, planning, and evaluation of key deliverables. 

Leaders apply different project management methodologies depending on the scope and type of work involved. Inevitably, nursing informatics projects require precision and integration of models that promote efficient resource utilization. The waterfall methodology can be used to support informatics initiatives. Rubio (2022) represented the waterfall model as flowing the project’s phases downward. Nurse leaders and other health care staff implementing change must complete one project’s phase before moving to the next. The other methodology is the agile approach, characterized by adaptive work management and project planning (Rubio, 2022). In this method, quality improvement leaders are open to change and embrace a flexible management approach to realize the targeted goals. 

Systems and Staff Members Needed in Design and Implementation Process 

Effective EHR implementation combines multiple systems, staff members, and skills. A health information system would be critical since it helps care providers gather, organize, and collect data to improve health outcomes and reduce costs. A robust technological system is also necessary to ensure the new EHR captures, analyzes, and shares data safely. Regarding staff members, the nurse informaticist should be involved in all critical phases, including design and implementation. According to McGonigle and Mastrian (2021), nurse informaticists combine clinical skills and health information technology (IT) to guide organizations in advancing technology to improve care quality. Their skills and guidance are essential for positive outcomes as far as the system’s design and implementation are concerned. Other staff members include system designers, physicians, departmental leaders, and IT technicians. 

The advanced registered nurse is critical in promoting evidence-based practice and leading quality and performance improvement initiatives within this setting. One such role is serving as a change agent to address performance gaps. Change agents use their clinical and analytical skills in nursing to identify areas where the desired goals are not achieved (Ericson-Lidman & Strandberg, 2021). In response, they propose evidence-based interventions to reduce the gap between the achieved and desired health outcomes. The advanced registered nurse is also responsible for policy change and advocacy. Nsiah et al. (2019) illustrated patient advocacy as promoting patient safety and high-quality care by protecting patients and advancing their interests. The nurse plays similar roles by designing interventions for improving patient safety and achieving high-quality care, like burnout reduction programs, environmental modification strategies, and patient monitoring via telehealth. The organization fosters a culture of change to encourage innovative projects. 

Strategies for Implementing EHR Proposal 

Implementing a new EHR system could be seamless or challenging, depending on the approaches used in critical phases. As Aguirre et al. (2019) stated, the entire process commences with an in-depth evaluation of the workflows, followed by defining preferences and user needs. In the proposed project, such needs include software, hardware, and user requirements to ensure the EHR runs efficiently and executes its roles as expected. The next step is communication to ensure clinicians and all targeted users understand the purpose of the new EHR and how to use it in predicting and preventing readmissions. Aguirre et al. (2019) further recommended staff education to equip users with the foundational knowledge for safe and effective EHR use. Transition to the new EHR should happen after piloting and when all user needs are addressed. To ensure effective management of resources, teamwork should be embraced at all levels. Nurses should also be trained in groups to save time and training resources. 

Professional, Ethical, and Regulatory Standards Implementation 

EHRs are characterized by massive data collection, storage, and exchange between providers. Adherence to the established standards is critical for safe and competent use. Professional standards for the system’s design and implementation include EHR usability and interoperability. Usability denotes an easy-to-use system that allows nursing professionals to perform different tasks accurately and with minimal effort. Li et al. (2021) illustrated interoperability as health information systems’ ability to work together within and across organizational boundaries to facilitate effective patient care. Interoperable systems promote safe and quick information exchange between care providers. A lack of interoperability increases clinician workload and is a key barrier to patient safety. 

Ethical standards in the design and implementation of the new EHR are centered on privacy, security, and confidentiality essentials. To promote these principles and ensure data integrity, EHR systems should have the appropriate technical and physical safeguards for data protection (Basil et al., 2022). Regulatory considerations have much to do with using certified EHR technology. Certified technology that allows clinicians to store data in a structured format facilitates efficient data capturing and sharing (CMS.gov, 2023). Such structuring enables nursing professionals to retrieve and transfer patient data easily for improved patient outcomes. 

Evaluation of the Success of EHR Implementation 

EHR implementation is cumbersome since it introduces new technologies, tools, and processes into routine patient care. Evaluation is critical to determining whether the project achieved the desired goals (Hamilton et al., 2020). From a staff perspective, the new EHR should enable nurses to track and respond to potential readmissions more effectively. A post-implementation feasibility study can help to determine how the EHR empowers nurses to achieve better outcomes. From a setting perspective, the new EHR should reduce costs associated with readmissions. As a result, a comparative analysis of the readmissions rate six months before and after its implementation would be an accurate reference point. To patients, implementing the new EHR would reduce readmissions and improve care experiences. To ensure continuous quality improvement in practice, nurses should be regularly trained on key aspects of the system, including usage, security, and ethical compliance. The system should also be upgraded as situations oblige to optimize capacity and secure it from emerging security threats. 

Leadership Skills and Project Management to Collaborate with Interprofessional Teams 

Interprofessional teams comprise members with diverse skills, values, and work approaches. Leadership skills to enable such teams to collaborate and provide evidence-based, patient-centered care include clear goals, respect, and active engagement of members. Respect and engagement foster a culture of inclusion, enabling a diverse workforce to work together to achieve a shared goal (Stanford, 2020). Clear goals, open communication, and problem-solving are valuable project management skills for an interprofessional team to collaborate and provide evidence-based, patient-centered care. Leadership theories also guide nursing professionals in change management and decision-making regarding effective patient care. The adaptive leadership theory underlines supporting staff competencies to achieve patient-centered care (Kuluski et al., 2021). Adaptive leadership is founded on the precept that different situations require different skills, knowledge, and approaches. A similar approach is crucial in the complex nursing environment to deliver the best possible patient care. 

Conclusion 

Nursing informatics has improved organizations’ capacity to use data and technologies to improve patient care. EHRs contain patient data in electronic formats for quick access, sharing, and decision-making. A new opportunity for EHR implementation should enable nurses to use data and technologies to achieve higher outcomes for patients, health care staff, and the organization. A new EHR system for readmission prediction and prevention is crucial for the organization to prevent adverse outcomes of readmissions.  

References 

Aguirre, R. R., Suarez, O., Fuentes, M., & Sanchez-Gonzalez, M. A. (2019). Electronic health record implementation: a review of resources and tools. Cureus, 11(9), e5649. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.5649 

Alam, D., & Gühl, U. (2022). Project management for practice: a guide and toolbox for successful projects. Springer. 

Ashfaq, A., Sant’Anna, A., Lingman, M., & Nowaczyk, S. (2019). Readmission prediction using deep learning on electronic health records. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 97, 103256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103256 

Basil, N. N., Ambe, S., Ekhator, C., & Fonkem, E. (2022). Health records database and inherent security concerns: a review of the literature. Cureus, 14(10), e30168. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.30168 

CMS.gov. (2023). Certified EHR technology. https://www.cms.gov/medicare/regulations-guidance/promoting-interoperability-programs/certified-ehr-technology 

Dash, S., Shakyawar, S. K., Sharma, M., & Kaushik, S. (2019). Big data in healthcare: management, analysis and future prospects. Journal of Big Data, 6(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-019-0217-0 

Ericson-Lidman, E., & Strandberg, G. (2021). Change agents’ experiences of implementing a new organizational culture in residential care for older people: a qualitative study. Nordic Journal of Nursing Research, 41(3), 149-157. https://doi.org/10.1177/2057158521995994 

Hamilton, S., Jennings, A., & Forster, A. J. (2020). Development and evaluation of a quality improvement framework for healthcare. International Journal for Quality in Health Care: journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care, 32(7), 456–463. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzaa075 

Kuluski, K., Reid, R. J., & Baker, G. R. (2021). Applying the principles of adaptive leadership to person‐centred care for people with complex care needs: Considerations for care providers, patients, caregivers and organizations. Health Expectations, 24(2), 175-181. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13174 

Li, E., Clarke, J., Neves, A. L., Ashrafian, H., & Darzi, A. (2021). Electronic health records, interoperability and patient safety in health systems of high-income countries: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open, 11(7), e044941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044941 

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. (2021). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 

Nsiah, C., Siakwa, M., & Ninnoni, J. P. K. (2019). Registered Nurses’ description of patient advocacy in the clinical setting. Nursing Open, 6(3), 1124–1132. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.307 

Rubio, M. (2022). The mini book of agile: everything you really need to know about agile, agile project management and agile delivery. Packt Publishing. 

Stanford, F. C. (2020). The importance of diversity and inclusion in the healthcare workforce. Journal of the National Medical Association, 112(3), 247–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2020.03.014