NUR 590 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Proposal Project: Framework/Model for Change 

Grand Canyon University NUR 590 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Proposal Project: Framework/Model for Change – Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NUR 590 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Proposal Project: Framework/Model for Change   assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NUR 590 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Proposal Project: Framework/Model for Change      

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NUR 550 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Project: Literature Review depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NUR 590 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Proposal Project: Framework/Model for Change      

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NUR 590 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Proposal Project: Framework/Model for Change   is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NUR 590 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Proposal Project: Framework/Model for Change      

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NUR 590 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Proposal Project: Framework/Model for Change  assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NUR 590 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Proposal Project: Framework/Model for Change      

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NUR 590 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Proposal Project: Framework/Model for Change      

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NUR 590 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Proposal Project: Framework/Model for Change 

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the foundation of continuous improvements in nursing. It requires nursing professionals to identify performance gaps and propose suitable interventions supported by scientific evidence. Common causes of gaps include workplace issues, patient safety concerns, and poor care quality. As frontline workers who interact with patients regularly, nursing professionals should implement EBP using appropriate models. According to Duff et al. (2020), EBP models provide the steps of knowledge implementation and decision points to facilitate evidence application to nursing practice. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the framework/model for implementing the EBP proposal project.

The Selected Framework/Model for Change and its Relevance

The appropriate framework/model for the proposed project is the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice (JHNEBP) model. Friberg and Creasia (2023) mentioned that the JHNEBP model was created in 2002 to address gaps in evidence utilization in nursing. The model has three essential components that guide change leaders in EBP implementation: practice question, evidence, and translation (Dusin et al., 2023). The JHNEBP model is relevant to the project since it provides a step-wise approach to evidence translation (Appendix A). Its other dominant feature is the interrelationships between scientific inquiry, practice, and learning, enabling nurses to improve patient outcomes as they improve their knowledge. Importantly, the model is team-based, and the proposed project requires such an approach for successful implementation.

The Stages in the Change Framework/Model

The first step (practice question) has much to do with identifying the EBP question guided by the clinical problem. Within nursing, this question is in problem/population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and time (PICOT) format (McClinton, 2022). The evidence phase involves searching, appraising, and rating the strength of the evidence. This search is mainly in scientific journal articles from the leading nursing databases. The appraisal ensures they meet the desired qualities, particularly credibility, relevance, and purpose. The third phase, translation, involves implementing and evaluating the proposed change through an action plan (Dusin et al., 2023; Friberg & Creasia, 2023). After evaluating the outcomes, change leaders should share findings with the stakeholders.

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Applying the Framework/Model in the Proposed Implementation

Applying the JHNEBP model implies following the steps of the practice question, evidence, and translation (PET). The proposed intervention is a two-weekly tailored physical exercise training program to improve functional fitness and independent living among older adults with type 2 diabetes. Following the PICOT format, the practice question is: in older adults with type 2 diabetes (P), does a twice-weekly tailored physical exercise training program (I), compared to no exercise interventions (C), improve functional fitness and independent living (O) in 8 weeks (T)?

Scientific evidence to support the intervention should be searched, appraised, and rated as the model recommends. Similarly, evidence (particularly levels 1 and 2) exploring the effectiveness of the tailored physical exercise training program in improving functional fitness will be appraised before being translated into practice (project implementation). Such evidence includes Zarco et al. (2021) and Kirwan et al. (2021) peer-reviewed articles exploring participants’ experiences and impacts of exercise programs on functional fitness and independence among older adults with type 2 diabetes. The findings will also be shared with stakeholders as the model recommends.

JHNEBP Conceptual Framework

The concept map (Appendix A) illustrates the basic steps (PET) of the JHNEBP model. It will be applied to the project to guide the phased translation of evidence into practice. As such, it will be a reference tool to ensure that the essential steps are followed and key activities are accomplished. Above all, it will be used during project evaluation to determine the project’s success and ensure its findings have been shared with the stakeholders.

Conclusion

EBP projects require a systematic implementation to ensure evidence is translated appropriately and outcomes can be evaluated. As a result, EBP frameworks/models are crucial to facilitate this organized implementation. The JHNEBP model is relevant to the current project due to its step-wise (PET) approach. Evidence will be sourced from credible sources and appraised to ensure the intervention improves outcomes as envisioned.

References

Duff, J., Cullen, L., Hanrahan, K., & Steelman, V. (2020). Determinants of an evidence-based practice environment: an interpretive description. Implementation Science Communications, 1, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43058-020-00070-0

Dusin, J., Melanson, A., & Mische-Lawson, L. (2023). Evidence-based practice models and frameworks in the healthcare setting: a scoping review. BMJ Open, 13(5), e071188. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071188

Friberg, E. E., & Creasia, J. L. (2023). Conceptual Foundations-E-Book: the Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Kirwan, M., Chiu, C. L., Hay, M., & Laing, T. (2021). Community-based exercise and lifestyle program improves health outcomes in older adults with type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 6147. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116147

McClinton, T. D. (2022). A guided search: Formulating a PICOT from assigned areas of inquiry. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 19(5), 426–427. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12598

Zarco, E. P. T., Aquino, M., Petrizzo, J., Wygand, J., & McGorry, A. (2021). Perceived benefits of a guided exercise program among older adults. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 7, 23337214211060147. https://doi.org/10.1177/23337214211060147

Sample Answer 2 for NUR 590 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Proposal Project: Framework/Model for Change

Evidence-based practice has been an integral component of effective, safe and efficient patient care. In promoting the use of evidence-based practice, appropriate strategies should be used to ensure a successful implementation of a proposed evidence-based practice project. Central to the implementation is the use of a change models (Collaborative et al., 2017). Therefore, this paper seeks to identify and discuss the stages of a change model. In addition, it will further describe how the steps would be applied in the proposed change implementation in the surgical suite patients and preoperative health care providers who are exposed to surgical smoke (P) by providing education and utilizing smoke evacuation systems on all surgical cases (I) compared to not using a smoke evacuation system in surgical patients (C) leading to lower exposure of surgical smoke contaminants (O) over 1 year (T).  Whereas there are several change models, Kurt Lewi’s change model is appropriately applied in the evidence-based proposal project.

The Proposed Change Implementation

The implementation of change in the surgical suite patients and preoperative health care providers who are exposed to surgical smoke by providing education and utilizing smoke evacuation systems on all surgical cases, compared to not using a smoke evacuation system in surgical cases leading to lower exposure of surgical smoke contaminants over 1 year will be done through the application of the Kurt Lewin’s model.

The Kurt Lewin’s Model and its Relevance to the Proposal Project

            According to Kurt Lewin, change is an inevitable phenomenon in any organization. Further, he posits accomplished change must be controlled through the triple-level model for change management (Teguh et al., 2019). The model comprises the concepts of unfreezing, changing, and refreezing to transform new behaviors into an organization’s new norms.

            The relevance of the model is founded on the practicability and simplicity congruent to the evidence-based practice for comprehending the change process within healthcare. The model’s concepts underpin robust and practical evidence researched and tested change intervention in a health care domain (Hidayat et al., 2020). The ideas are modeled in a way that befits the needs of the proposed project of changing the perceptions of the stakeholders working in the surgical suite without a smoke evacuation system to move to the new, desired level of utilizing smoke evacuation systems on all surgical cases (Tokuda et al., 2020). The advantages of the smoke evacuating systems are critical in surgical suites.

The Kurt Lewin’s Model of Change Levels

Kurt developed a practical and straightforward framework for change with three stages: the unfreezing level, the changing level, and the refreezing level. According to Kurt, the process of change implies forming the feeling and the idea that a transition is needed, then moving toward the new, proposed level of practices, and lastly, consolidating that new practice as the standard. Preliminary to a change application, it must go through unfreezing level to neutralize the resistance by sensitization to undo the status quo that hinders progress and development (Cumming et al., 2016). Communication is critical and essential at this level so that stakeholders can become educated and informed about the expected change, its rationale, and how it will benefit the whole system so they can be motivated to be a part of the change.

After the unfreezing, Lewin posits that an organization transits to the new stage of state. The application of the change marks the step. At this point of changing level, individuals start to learn the new norms, practices, and manner of thinking (Hussain et al., 2018). Thus education, communication, support, and time are critical for stakeholders to become acquainted with the change. Similarly, the change must be managed and executed. Throughout this level, individuals need to be reminded of the reasons for the change.

Lewin referred to the final stage of his change model as freezing. The changes made to organizational processes are accepted and refrozen as the new practice. The level is critical to ensure that people do not go back to old ways of thinking or doing preliminary to applying the change (Hussain et al., 2018). The change is cemented to be the institution’s and people’s culture.

The Application of the Model Stages in the Proposal Project

The unfreezing stage will be applied in the sensitization of the preoperative healthcare providers and the management team to undo the probable change resistance and create a perception of the need for change. This will be done through education to give the rationale for adopting the smoke evacuation system and how it benefits health. The first level of the model is critical in opening the way for change.

The second stage of the model is the Changing Level. The proposed project will lead to the transitioning of the department into real change.  The implementation will be followed by a continued education to remind the stakeholders of the purpose of the change and its benefits. Finally, the application of the last level will be used to entrench the new practice into the whole system as the applicable new norm so that reverting to the old culture may be eliminated. This is a crucial stage as such positive befits and acknowledgment of the efforts and work of the stakeholder will be appreciated to reinforce the new state of actions and thinking. The concept map in the appendix illustrates the application of the model.

Conclusion

Change is a continuous feature of any organization or professional life. In this way, change may constantly be seen to happen frequently and randomly. Kurt Lewin’s model of unfreezing, changing, and freezing is widely agreed as applicable in nursing for effecting change. The implementation of proposed project change entails the current state of the organization that has to be changed into the desired form; it is a progressive activity that entails dealing with change resistance through sensitization to undo the status quo and eventually implementing the change and entrenching the new practice in the system simultaneously, through the Kurts framework of change.

References

Cummings, S., Bridgman, T., & Brown, K. G. (2016). Unfreezing change as three steps: Rethinking Kurt Lewin’s legacy for change management. Human Relations, 69(1), 33-60. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0018726715577707.

Collaborative, I. M., Buckwalter, K. C., Cullen, L., Hanrahan, K., Kleiber, C., McCarthy, A. M., … & Tucker, S. (2017). Iowa model of evidence-based practice: Revisions and validation. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 14(3), 175-182. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12223

Hidayat, A. T., Hariyati, R. T. S. H. S., & Muhaeriwati, T. M. (2020). Applicability of Lewin’s Change Management Model for Optimization Management Function in Nursing Delegation between Head Nurse and Team Leader: A Mini Project in Jakarta Military Hospital. International Journal of Nursing and Health Services (IJNHS), 3(4), 471-478.

            https://doi.org/10.35654/ijnhs.v3i4.68

Hussain, S. T., Lei, S., Akram, T., Haider, M. J., Hussain, S. H., & Ali, M. (2018). Kurt Lewin’s change model: A critical review of the role of leadership and employee involvement in organizational change. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 3(3), 123-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2016.07.002

Teguh, A., Hariyati, R. T. S., & Muhaeriwati, T. (2019). Applicability of Lewin’s change management model for an optimization management function in nursing delegation between head nurse and team leader: A mini project in Jakarta military hospital. International Journal of Nursing and Health Services (IJNHS), 2(2), 66-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35654/ijnhs.v2i2.136

Tokuda, Y., Okamura, T., Maruta, M., Orita, M., Noguchi, M., Suzuki, T., & Matsuki, H. (2020). A prospective randomized study evaluating the usefulness of a surgical smoke evacuation system in operating rooms for breast surgery. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 15, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-020-00259-y.