NUR 600 Discussion 6.1 Cardiovascular Diagnoses Responses
ST Thomas University NUR 600 Discussion 6.1 Cardiovascular Diagnoses Responses– Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the ST Thomas University NUR 600 Discussion 6.1 Cardiovascular Diagnoses Responses assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NUR 600 Discussion 6.1 Cardiovascular Diagnoses Responses
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the ST Thomas University NUR 600 Discussion 6.1 Cardiovascular Diagnoses Responses depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NUR 600 Discussion 6.1 Cardiovascular Diagnoses Responses
The introduction for the ST Thomas University NUR 600 Discussion 6.1 Cardiovascular Diagnoses Responses is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
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How to Write the Body for NUR 600 Discussion 6.1 Cardiovascular Diagnoses Responses
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NUR 600 Discussion 6.1 Cardiovascular Diagnoses Responses assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NUR 600 Discussion 6.1 Cardiovascular Diagnoses Responses
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NUR 600 Discussion 6.1 Cardiovascular Diagnoses Responses
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for NUR 600 Discussion 6.1 Cardiovascular Diagnoses Responses
Discussion Guidelines
Using Chapter 7 of your Goolsby and Grubbs text, select one common diagnosis and one less-common diagnosis for the cardiovascular system. Describe how you would be able to differentiate them from each other on an exam.
Response Post
Reply to the initial posts of at least two classmates.
Submission
Post your initial and follow up responses and review full grading criteria on the Discussion 6.1: Cardiovascular Diagnoses page.
My common diagnosis is heart failure, and my less-common diagnosis is endocarditis. Working in critical care, I’ve seen a lot of heart failure exacerbations but have yet to see endocarditis. Signs and symptoms of heart failure (HF) include dyspnea on exertion or rest, orthopnea, and edema. The patient could also experience weight-gain secondary to fluid retention, bibasilar crackles on auscultation, tachycardia, and hypoxia (Grubbs & Davis, 2019). With endocarditis, the health care provider (HCP) would find signs and symptoms indicative of a systemic infection, such as fevers, chills, arthralgias, malaise, and fevers (Grubbs & Davis, 2019). As the infection progresses, the patient will develop petechiae, anemia, weight loss, a new or worsening heart murmur, and emboli (Grubbs & Davis, 2019).
A detailed history and physical (H&P) are required for both diagnoses. The H&P for HF requires the HCP to obtain a detailed account of underlying medical conditions and functional capacity to exercise (Malik et al., 2022). For endocarditis, the HCP would get a thorough history of any infectious process and note skin changes, such as petechiae. Upon auscultation, the HCP would hear new heart sounds (Gupta & Mendez, 2022).
For diagnosis, there are overlapping studies like a chest x-ray (CXR) and echocardiogram. If there is a strong suspicion of endocarditis, a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) would be recommended, along with blood cultures (Gupta & Mendez, 2022). The purpose of the TEE vs. a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is that the images will be more precise with the TEE due to the proximity to the heart. Positive blood cultures and a positive echocardiogram are required to diagnose endocarditis. For HF, a CXR, echocardiogram, CBC, BNP, CMP, and cardiac catheterization are recommended (Grubbs & Davis, 2019). Interpreting the H&P, imaging, and lab results will assist the HCP in a proper differential diagnosis.
References:
Grubbs, L., & Davis, L. L. (2019). Cardiac and peripheral vascular systems. In M. J. Goolsby & L. Grubbs (Eds.), Advanced Assessment Interpreting Findings and Formulating Differential Diagnoses (4th ed., pp. 187–234). F.A. Davis.
Gupta, A., & Mendez, M. D. (2022). Endocarditis. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499844/
Malik, A., Brito, D., Vaqar, S., & Chhabra, L. (2022). Congestive Heart Failure. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430873/
Sample Answer 2 for NUR 600 Discussion 6.1 Cardiovascular Diagnoses Responses
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States (Goolsby and Grubbs, 2019). Issues with the cardiovascular systems can impact other body systems and decrease quality of life. As providers, we must recognize the signs and systems of cardiovascular disease to get the patient early treatment. Early detection and interventions can significantly increase the chances of having a positive outcome (Goolsby and Grubbs, 2019). It is essential to perform an accurate health history and physical assessment of the cardiovascular system.
Chest pain is a prevalent symptom that brings many patients into the hospital. However, chest pain alone is not specific enough to make a clear diagnosis. One common diagnosis associated with chest pain is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and a less common diagnosis associated with chest pain is Myocardial Infarction (MI).
It is essential to utilize the seven attributes of a symptom to differentiate between an MI and GERD. A person with GERD will describe the pain as a burning sensation or pressure in the substernal area (Goolsby and Grubbs, 2019). The pain is worse when lying down and commonly occurs after eating. The person may feel diaphoretic or nauseous (Goolsby and Grubbs, 2019). During an MI, the pain will present as a sudden, sharp pain/ pressure in the substernal region and may radiate to the arm or neck (Goolsby and Grubbs, 2019). The person may be diaphoretic, nauseous, weak, tachycardic, and short of breath (SOB) (Goolsby and Grubbs, 2019). Atypical pain is also seen in an MI; this can include jaw pain, fatigue, indigestion, and upper back pain which is more common in women, the elderly, and patients with diabetes (Goolsby and Grubbs, 2019). A thorough health history, including family history, is also essential.
MI can be confirmed with ST changes on an EKG and elevated troponin levels (Abraham et al., 2019). GERD will not show ST changes or elevated troponin level. These two diagnoses must be differentiated as soon as possible because an MI is a medical emergency where GERD can usually be treated with over-the-counter medication and does not require emergency medical care within the hospital setting.
References
Abraham, A. S., Vinson, D. R., & Levis, J. T. (2019). ECG diagnosis: Acute myocardial infarction in a ventricular-paced rhythm. The Permanente journal, (23)19-001. https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/19-001
Goolsby, M. J. & Grubbs, L. (2019). Cardiac and peripheral vascular systems. In Advanced Assessment Interpreting Findings and Formulating Differential Diagnoses. (4th ed., 187-234). F.A Davis Company.
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Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are all regarded as illnesses of the joints though have varied etiologies contributing to different diagnostic criteria. Typically, osteoarthritis refers to a joint’s degenerative health condition experienced whenever the cushion or cartilage existing between the joints ends up breaking down resulting in stiffness and swelling (Mohammed et al., 2020). Its diagnostic criteria are associated with symptoms including stiffness, tenderness, joint pain, and reduced motion range. Imaging tests like X-rays can be used to showcase damage to the joint like cartilage loss (Mohammed et al., 2020).
On the contrary, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a commonly experienced autoimmune health condition impacting approximately about 0.5 up to 1.0%(Mohammed et al., 2020). It is associated with joints being attacked by the immune system contributing to inflammation that results in the thickening of tissues lining the joint (Mohammed et al., 2020). Common symptoms comprise stiffness, fatigue, joint pain, and swelling. Typically, blood tests may be performed to indicate the inflammatory markers, and antibodies (Mohammed et al., 2020).
Question 2: Discussion of Forms of Headache and Their Treatment
One of the types of headaches is migraine. Traditionally this is a major headache disorder regarded as episodic in most instances. This form of headache in most instances lasts 4 up to 72 hours and usually occurs with vomiting, nausea, or phonophobia (WHO, 2024). In addition, at other times it is preceded by the unilateral aura which lasts for a long. predominantly, this type of headache is prescribed as having severe or moderate intensity and experienced either on one side of the head or behind the eye (WHO, 2024). The other type is cluster headache. It is a primary disorder of the head highly characterized by frequent reoccurrence, brief though severe head, and it is mostly experienced either in the eye or around it (WHO, 2024).
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Question 4: Discussion of Parkinson’s Disease, its Cases, symptoms and Treatment
Parkinson’s disease refers to a health condition whereby the brain parts end up becoming damaged progressively over years. Traditionally, this condition is caused by nerve cell loss in the subtanti nigra which is the ban’s part, resulting in dopamine reduction in the brain (NHS, 2022). The primary symptoms associated with this health condition comprise reduced movement, shaking involuntarily of certain body parts, and muscle stiffness and inflexible muscles. Its treatment incorporates the administration of medications, supportive treatment like occupational therapy, and brain surgery in some instances (NHS, 2022).
References
Mohammed, A., Alshamarri, T., Adeyeye, T., Lazariu, V., McNutt, L., & Carpenter, D. O. (2020). A comparison of risk factors for osteo- and rheumatoid arthritis using NHANES data. Preventive Medicine Reports, 20, 101242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101242
NHS. (2022, November 3). Parkinson’s disease. nhs. uk. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/parkinsons-disease/
Sarmast, S. T., Abdullahi, A. M., & Jahan, N. (2020). Current classification of seizures and Epilepsies: Scope, limitations and recommendations for future action. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10549
WHO. (2024, March 6). Migraine and other headache disorders. World Health Organization (WHO). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/headache-disorders