NUR-631 Topic 14 DQ 1

Grand Canyon University NUR-631 Topic 14 DQ 1– Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NUR-631 Topic 14 DQ 1 assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NUR-631 Topic 14 DQ 1              

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NUR-631 Topic 14 DQ 1  depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NUR-631 Topic 14 DQ 1              

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NUR-631 Topic 14 DQ 1 is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NUR-631 Topic 14 DQ 1              

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NUR-631 Topic 14 DQ 1 assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NUR-631 Topic 14 DQ 1              

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NUR-631 Topic 14 DQ 1              

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NUR-631 Topic 14 DQ 1

Why is the lack of clinical manifestations in the ROS above significant? 

 The lack of clinical manifestations is significant because nodular melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer. It tends to grow quickly and spread downward into the deeper layers of the skin. Nodular melanoma if not detected and treated early will spread to various parts of the body. The lack of symptoms is significant in that by the time it is detected, it has typically spread making it harder to treat. (Patel, 2021).  

Based on this rather limited information provided under History, ROS, SKIN, and HEENT above, which subtype of melanoma is most likely? 

Nodular melanoma unlike other types of skin cancer usually begins as a new growth rather than developing from a mole that previously existed. Nodular melanomas have a nodule or dome shaped growth on the skin. Most nodular melanomas appear as blackish-blue, dark brown, or reddish-blue bump. (Patel, 2021).  

Are any of the laboratory blood test results above abnormal and, if so, what is suggested by the abnormality? 

Mild to moderately elevated serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin levels have been associated with hepatic infiltration of malignant melanoma. (Lee, et al., 2022).  

What is the current probability that this patient will be alive in 10 years? 

Malignant melanoma has a high mortality rate and the highest potential of dissemination. The 5-year survival rate of patients with metastatic malignant melanoma is between 5 and 19% and is dependent upon the location and number of metastases. Visceral metastases of especially the brain and liver have a less than 10% 5-year survival rate and a median survival below one year in spite of modern treatments (Sandru, et al., 2014).  

Patel, R. (2021). What is nodular melanoma and what does it look like? Retrieved on August 5, 2023, from https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer/nodular-melanoma 

Lee, Y., Lee, J., Kim, H., Park, C., Jung, J., Kim, D., Chung, Y., Ryu, H. (2022). Acute liver failure secondary to hepatic infiltration of malignant melanoma. Clinical Endoscopy 55(2), 287-291. https://doi.org/10.59946/ce.2020.272 

Sandru, A., Voinea, S., Panaitescu, E., Blidaru, A. (2014). Survival rates of patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Journal of Medicine and Life, 7(4), 572-576. PMID: 25713625 

Sample Answer 2 for NUR-631 Topic 14 DQ 1

Why is the lack of clinical manifestations in the ROS above significant? 

A 38-year-old male presents to the clinic after his wife noticed a suspicious-looking, dark brown mole on his scalp. The patient presents with no other symptoms, all reviews of systems were negative and would appear healthy otherwise. The lack of clinical manifestations in the review of systems above is significant because underlying skin cancer is almost never noticeable through other pathophysiological systems. The patient does not report any changes in vision, sight, smell, nausea, changes in bowel habits, weakness, or fatigue. A thorough skin examination is required to determine the next course of treatment. The color of the nodule, location, texture, size, shape, border, and changes to the nodule must be noted to determine the type of skin lesion that is present (Gruber & Zito, 2023). 

Based on this rather limited information provided under History, ROS, SKIN, and HEENT above, which subtype of melanoma is most likely? 

Based on the rather limited information provided under the history, review of systems, skin, and HEENT as noted above, the subtype of melanoma that is most likely is a nodular melanoma malignancy. Based on the information provided, the patient has a 7-mm nodule on the scalp above the right ear, dome-shaped, symmetric, and is dark brown in color, this indicates a nodule melanoma. Melanomas harbor the characteristics of brown-to-black lesions that are asymmetrical, have irregular borders, and are more than 6 mm in diameter (Gruber & Zito, 2023). Melanomas usually appear almost anywhere on the body but mainly on the necks, shoulders, hands, and backs of both men and women. Melanomas occur due to chronic sun exposure or artificial UV light, they tend to grow vertically and can penetrate the endothelium of capillaries where they enter the bloodstream and lymphatics, leading to an eventual metastasis (McCance et.al, 2019). 

Are any of the laboratory blood test results above abnormal and, if so, what is suggested by the abnormality? 

Yes, the patient’s liver panel is abnormal, the AST is 115 (normal is 10-34), the ALT is 145 (normal is 10-130), and the bilirubin total is 1.7 mg/dL (normal is 0-0.8 mg/dL).  The liver lab results are consistent with an abnormal hepatic process and underlying damage. The patient’s abdominal CT scan showed questionable shadows in the liver indicating possible liver damage. The patient’s cervical nodes are also enlarged at 2.3 cm and 2.7 cm, and the CT scan of the brain showed positive for three lesions. Based on the imaging results there is now a concern for metastases. 

What is the current probability that this patient will be alive in 10 years? 

Unfortunately for this patient, the probability that they will be alive in 10 years is very low, especially with a poor prognosis. Gruber and Zito remind us that melanomas are one of the most aggressive and lethal forms of cancer with surgical excision being the gold standard of treatment if caught early (2023). If melanomas are not caught early, tumors in the late stage lead to a poor prognosis and often require chemotherapy or immunotherapy (2023).  According to McCance et.al, malignant melanomas spread very quickly and may account for a lower than 5 year survival rate (2019). 

References: 

Gruber P, Zito PM. Skin Cancer. [Updated 2023 May 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441949/ 

McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E., Brashers, V. L., Rote, N. S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (Eighth ed.). Elsevier. 

Sample Answer 3 for NUR-631 Topic 14 DQ 1

Why is the lack of clinical manifestations in the ROS above significant? 

The clinical findings of clinical symptoms in the Review of System for Nodular Melanoma are significant because they can result in a delayed diagnosis and, potentially, more advanced disease at the time of detection. Nodular melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer that grows vertically rather than laterally into the epidermis, making it more likely to spread rapidly to other body regions. As nodular melanoma lacks the typical symptoms of superficial melanomas, such as changes in color, shape, or size, it is easily missed or confused with benign lesions (Petal et al., 2021). Early melanoma detection and diagnosis are essential for effective treatment and improved outcomes. Consequently, a comprehensive evaluation of symptoms and a vigilant approach to any skin abnormalities can aid in the timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment of nodular melanoma (Petal et al., 2021). 

Based on this rather limited information provided under History, ROS, SKIN, and HEENT above, which subtype of melanoma is most likely? 

Based on the provided information, the most likely subtype of melanoma is nodular melanoma. The clinical findings of a 7-mm nodule on the scalp, dome-shaped, symmetric, and dark brown, along with the excisional biopsy results showing cells consistent with nodular melanoma and a tumor thickness of 3.8 mm, point towards this subtype. The cervical nodes were enlarged and measured 2.3 and 2.7 cm. A CT scan of the brain was positive for three lesions. Nodular melanoma is known for its aggressive behavior and rapid growth, and the presence of enlarged cervical nodes and brain lesions further supports this diagnosis. 

Are any of the laboratory blood test results above abnormal, and if so, what is suggested by the abnormality? 

AST = 115 IU/L (8-33 U/L). Aspartate Aminotransferase is an enzyme found primarily in the liver, heart, muscles, and other organs. Elevated AST levels in the blood can indicate various medical conditions and diseases related to these organs. AST is often used as a marker of liver damage, such as in liver disease or injury cases. 

Bilirubin = 1.7 mg/dL (0.8-1.2 mg/dL) A total bilirubin level of 1.7 mg/dL indicates the bilirubin concentration in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced when red blood cells break down. The liver normally processes it and then excretes it from the body in the bile. An elevated total bilirubin level can indicate various medical conditions. 

 Glu, fasting = 103 mg/dL (90-100 mg/dL) indicative of pre-diabetes Mellitus 

ALT = 145 IU/L (4-36 U/L) Alanine Aminotransferase, an enzyme found primarily in the liver. Elevated ALT levels in the blood can indicate liver damage or injury. When liver cells are damaged or inflamed, ALT is released into the bloodstream, increasing its concentration. 

What is the current probability that this patient will be alive in 10 years? 

It can take as little as three months for this type of cancer to spread internally. Nodular melanoma can quickly progress to an advanced stage. Advanced stages of nodular melanoma are more challenging to treat than earlier stages. Statistics show that if any melanoma is found, diagnosed, and treated before it spreads, the 5-year survival rate is much higher, between 95 and 100 percent (Petal et al., 2021). 

Reference 

McCance, K. L., & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. ISBN-13: 978032340281 

Patel. R, Holland. K, Srakocic. S. (2021). What Is Nodular Melanoma and What Does It Look Like? Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer/nodular-melanoma