NURS 6501 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 ASSIGNMENT
Walden University NURS 6501 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 ASSIGNMENT – Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 6501 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 ASSIGNMENT assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NURS 6501 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 ASSIGNMENT
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 6501 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 ASSIGNMENT depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NURS 6501 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 ASSIGNMENT
The introduction for the Walden University NURS 6501 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 ASSIGNMENT is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
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How to Write the Body for NURS 6501 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 ASSIGNMENT
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 6501 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 ASSIGNMENT assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 6501 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 ASSIGNMENT
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NURS 6501 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 ASSIGNMENT
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for NURS 6501 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 ASSIGNMENT
Right-sided headaches that last for 2-3days coupled with nausea, photophobia, and vomiting are the symptoms associated with migraine as is the case in the NURS 6501 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 ASSIGNMENT case stusdy. Migraine is a neurological condition that leads to multiple forms of symptoms (McCance & Huether 2019). It is often characterized by the presence of intense and debilitating headaches. Other symptoms are in the form of nausea, vomiting, difficulty in verbal communication, feeling numb, and increased sensitiveness to light and sharp sound. Migraines are often common in families and can affect all ages.
Racial and Ethnic Variables
There are many forms of racial and ethnic variables that affect the normal physiological functioning of the body. As indicated in the case scenario, the prevalence of headache caused by migraine vary on the basis of race. Among women, the prevalence of migraine is higher for Caucasians compared to Africans. The same pattern is evident among men across races. African Americans have less likelihood of having nausea and vomiting. However, they are more likely to report sharp pain caused by headache. Also, it is contrasting that African Americans are less disabled by migraine compared to other races (Andreou & Edvinsson, 2019). In the United States, the race that has a higher prevalence of migraines are the Caucasians, followed by African Americans. The contributing factor to the differences in race is associated with the socio-economic status, diet, and symptom reporting, affecting the prevalence level. Although there is no full understanding of the causes of migraine, the key factors that play a role include environmental and genetic factors.
Pathophysiology
The patient is faced with changes in the brainstem and the interaction with the trigeminal nerve. Therefore, a major pain pathway is involved in the process. In addition, the patient experiences imbalances in the brain chemicals, including critical components such as serotonin that aids in the regulation of pain in the nervous system. One of the causes of migraine is the hormonal changes among women. Women experience fluctuations in the level of estrogen, such as during and before menstrual periods. They also have estrogen imbalance when they are in pregnancy and when they attain menopause (Puledda et al.,2017). The processes and changes tend to trigger sharp headaches among women. Some of the available hormonal medications include the use of oral contraceptives and having hormone replacement therapy for the patient.
The aura is an important component of a person. It entails the group of sensory, speech, and motor symptoms that are directly affected and act as a warning when migraine headaches are about to begin. It is commonly confusing for seizures or strokes. Normally, it appears as the first phase before the onset of the headaches. However, they can take place during and even after. Emotional stress is an example of an element that triggers migraine. Stressful events mean that certain chemicals are released in the brain to fight the stressful condition. The release of chemicals as a response to emotional distress leads to migraine. In addition, increase in emotions is related to increased anxiety and worry leading to the increased muscle tension that dilates the blood.
Also Read:
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NURS 6501 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 ASSIGNMENT References
Andreou, A. P., & Edvinsson, L. (2019). Mechanisms of migraine as a chronic evolutive condition. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-019-1066-0
Puledda, F., Messina, R., & Goadsby, P. J. (2017). An update on migraine: Current understanding and future directions. Journal of Neurology, 264(9), 2031-2039. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-017-8434-y
McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier
Sample Answer 2 for NURS 6501 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 ASSIGNMENT
Parkinson’s disease: Signs and Symptoms, Neurological and Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology, and Race/Ethnic Variables
Introduction: Evaluation of Signs and Symptoms of PD
All the signs and symptoms of the patient are synchronous with the suggested diagnosis of Parkinson’s syndrome. The primary symptoms of Parkinson’s disease include tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability, according to the American Parkinson’s Disease Association (2023). The patient presents with earthquakes in the arms and legs, a classic disease symptom. “Pill rolling” movement of the fingers is also a specific finding in Parkinson’s disease (Chan et al., 2022). The patient presents with stiffness, slowness in doing simple tasks, and inability to rise independently from the chair, which indicates muscle rigidity, a primary symptom of Parkinson’s disease. Taking longer to perform simple tasks is also consistent with bradykinesia, the slowness of movement often seen in PD patients. The inability to rise from the chair without assistance may also indicate postural instability. The uneven gait and shuffling while walking are secondary to postural instability, which affects balance and coordination. Mask-like appearance on the face is a primary finding in Parkinson’s disease (Chan et al., 2022) due to stiffness of the facial muscles. Jerky and cogwheeling movements are due to muscle rigidity and involuntary jerky of limbs.
Neurological and Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology in Parkinson’s disease
“Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons innervating the striatum, the main input structure of the basal ganglia” (Ztaou & Amalric, 2019). This results in an imbalance between the release of dopaminergic inputs and cholinergic interneurons. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that controls and coordinates movement. The effectiveness of L-Dopa, which is anticholinergic in this disease, implies an increased cholinergic tone. Kouli et al. (2018) stated that PD does not only affect the nigrostriatal region but affects other neuronal cells. The heterogeneity of the disease makes it difficult to find a specific diagnostic test. Kouli et al. (2018) highlighted that histopathological findings of PD include “α-synuclein-containing Lewy bodies (LBs) or Lewy neurites.” Pathophysiology involves the formation of Lewy bodies and abnormal protein deposits in the brain cells. These Lewy bodies are considered a hallmark of PD and contribute to the cell death and dysfunction seen in the substantia nigra and other brain regions.
Interaction of Processes Affecting the Patient
Physiologically, a balance between the dopaminergic and cholinergic systems is essential in ensuring striatal circuitry for modulating movement. Ztaou & Amalric (2019) emphasized the effect of progressive loss of dopamine on disrupting movement, including resting tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Loss of dopamine deregulates the movement pathway and leads to resting tremors. Helmich et al. (2012) highlighted“the basal ganglia, which are primarily affected by dopamine depletion in Parkinson’s disease, and the cerebellum-thalamocortical circuit, which is also involved in many other tremors.”
Racial/Ethnic Variables
The risk factors for developing PD are increased age with increased life expectancy, causing an increase in the prevalence of the disease. Ben-Joseph et al. (2020) mentioned that most studies show a high prevalence of PD among the white population (1671.63/100,000) compared to the black population (1036.41/100,000) and Asians (1138.56/100,000). Ben-Joseph et al. (2020) mentioned that geographical location is a greater determinant of the disease than ethnicity. The prevalence of PD among black Africans in sub-Saharan Africa is lower than among people of African origin residing in the USA. Mortality rates among patients with PD show a difference where the rates are higher among the black than the white population. Hispanic patients have a lower risk of death than white Population patients (Ben-Joseph et al., 2020).
Conclusion
Parkinson’s disease presents with symptoms around rigidity, resting tremors, postural imbalance, and bradykinesia. The symptoms result from a disruption of the dopaminergic and cholinergic systems. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that controls and coordinates physiological movement. Loss of dopamine due to the neurodegenerative pathophysiology results in the primary symptoms.
Sample Answer 3 for NURS 6501 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 ASSIGNMENT
Introduction
This case study analysis examines the presentation of a 24-year-old female administrative assistant who presents to the emergency department with severe right-sided headaches. The patient reports experiencing these headaches on six occasions in the last two months, with each episode lasting 2-3 days and significantly impacting her ability to concentrate at work. Additionally, she complains of nausea, photophobia (light sensitivity), and has vomited three times in the last 3 hours. The severity of her headache is rated as 10/10 at the time of presentation, and while she has attempted to alleviate her symptoms with ibuprofen and acetaminophen, her relief has been partial. This analysis will explore the underlying neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes that may account for the patient’s symptoms and consider any potential racial/ethnic variables that could impact physiological functioning in the context of her condition. Furthermore, the interaction between these processes and how they contribute to the patient’s overall presentation will be investigated. By analysing these aspects, we aim to gain a comprehensive understanding of the factors at play in this patient’s case and provide valuable insights for effective diagnosis and treatment.
Neurological Pathophysiologic Processes in Migraine
Migraine is a complex headache disorder involving neurological dysfunction. The patient’s presentation of severe right-sided headache, photophobia, nausea, and vomiting is characteristic of migraine. Migraines are thought to be triggered by cortical spreading depression, a phenomenon where there is a wave of neuronal depolarization followed by prolonged suppression of neuronal activity. This process likely occurs in the brainstem and thalamus, which are responsible for sensory processing, including pain (Mignot et al., 2023).
Photophobia and nausea are linked to abnormal brainstem processing of visual and vestibular information. The thalamus, known for relaying sensory information to the cortex, may also play a role in the amplification of pain signals during migraines (Kuburas & Russo, 2023). Additionally, the abnormal release of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), contributes to the dilation of blood vessels and inflammation in the brain, leading to the characteristic throbbing headache. Serotonin, in particular, plays a vital role in regulating pain pathways and mood, and alterations in serotonin levels have been associated with migraine susceptibility.
Musculoskeletal Pathophysiologic Processes and Sedentary Lifestyle
The patient’s role as an administrative assistant involves long periods of sitting at a desk, using a computer, and performing tasks that promote a sedentary lifestyle. This sedentary work environment can lead to muscular tension and tightness in the neck and shoulders due to prolonged poor posture and reduced physical activity. These musculoskeletal issues can potentially contribute to triggering or exacerbating headaches, including migraines (Di Antonio et al., 2021). The increased muscular strain in the neck and shoulder regions can indeed lead to discomfort during a migraine episode.
Interaction of Neurological and Musculoskeletal Processes
The interaction between neurological and musculoskeletal processes can significantly impact the patient’s migraine experience. The muscular tension and pain in the neck and shoulders, caused by stress or poor posture, can lead to mechanical stress on the cervical spine, which may contribute to the frequency and severity of headaches. Moreover, stress and anxiety, common migraine triggers, can lead to increased muscle tension in the neck and shoulders, potentially worsening the patient’s condition.
Racial/Ethnic Variables Impacting Physiological Functioning
In the context of the scenario, while the specific racial or ethnic background of the patient is not mentioned, it is important to consider the potential impact of racial/ethnic variables on physiological functioning in the context of migraines. Research has shown that genetic variations can play a significant role in migraine susceptibility (Eng & Tram, 2021). Certain racial and ethnic groups may have a higher prevalence of specific genetic markers associated with migraines. For instance, studies have suggested that African Americans and Asians may have a lower prevalence of migraines compared to Caucasians. Studies have also identified genetic variants related to ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors that can influence migraine development. These genetic differences among racial and ethnic groups may impact the severity and frequency of migraines, as well as the response to treatment.
Serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating pain pathways and mood, has been linked to migraines. Racial and ethnic groups may exhibit variations in serotonin metabolism, potentially affecting how they experience and respond to migraines. For example, research has indicated that African Americans and Hispanics may be more likely to underreport pain or express pain differently compared to whites. Differences in serotonin receptor binding potential have been found among different racial and ethnic groups, suggesting potential variations in pain perception and migraine pathophysiology.
Cultural beliefs and practices can also influence how migraines are perceived and managed within different racial and ethnic groups. Certain communities may have specific approaches to healthcare and pain management, including the use of traditional remedies or avoidance of certain triggers. For instance, some Asian cultures may emphasize holistic approaches to healthcare and might rely on traditional remedies or mind-body practices for pain relief. Cultural attitudes toward seeking medical care and expressing pain may also impact how migraines are reported and treated.
Furthermore, racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare access and quality of care can impact migraine diagnosis and treatment. Differences in treatment outcomes and symptom management may occur between racial and ethnic groups because of difficulties gaining access to specialized migraine care or acquiring suitable drugs and therapies.
Understanding and considering these racial/ethnic variables is crucial for healthcare providers in delivering personalized and effective care for patients with migraines from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. By recognizing and addressing these factors, healthcare professionals can ensure patient-centered and culturally sensitive care, ultimately improving migraine management and patient outcomes.
Interaction of Processes Affecting the Patient
The neurological and musculoskeletal systems can interact in certain situations, contributing to the severity or recurrence of headaches, including migraines (Greenbaum & Emodi-Perlman, 2023). For example, poor posture or muscular tension in the neck and shoulders can create mechanical stress on the cervical spine and surrounding structures, potentially triggering or exacerbating headaches.
Additionally, stress and anxiety, which are common triggers for migraines, can lead to muscle tension and pain in the neck and shoulders. Conversely, the pain and discomfort from a severe headache can cause the patient to hold their head and neck in abnormal positions, leading to musculoskeletal strain.
To provide optimal care, healthcare providers should consider both the neurological and musculoskeletal aspects when evaluating and treating the patient. A comprehensive approach may involve addressing headache triggers, providing pain relief and anti-nausea medications for acute migraine attacks, and incorporating strategies to manage stress and muscular tension, such as relaxation techniques and physical therapy.
Conclusion
A comprehensive understanding of the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes in migraines, as well as the impact of racial/ethnic variables, is crucial in diagnosing and treating patients with complex symptoms. Addressing the patient’s sedentary lifestyle and potential genetic factors like serotonin levels can aid in developing personalized and effective treatment strategies. Healthcare providers must consider both the physiological and cultural aspects to deliver patient-centered and culturally sensitive care, ultimately improving outcomes and patient satisfaction.
References
Adisa Kuburas, & Andrew F. Russo. (2023). Shared and independent roles of CGRP and PACAP in migraine pathophysiology. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 24(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01569-2
Di Antonio, S., Arendt-Nielsen, L., Ponzano, M., Bovis, F., Torelli, P., Finocchi, C., & Castaldo, M. (2022). Cervical musculoskeletal impairments in the 4 phases of the migraine cycle in episodic migraine patients. Cephalalgia: An International Journal of Headache, 42(9), 827–845. https://doi.org/10.1177/03331024221082506
Eng, S. M., & Tram, J. M. (2021). The Influence of Family and Community Factors on Ethnic Identity. Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development, 49(1), 32–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmcd.12204
Mignot, C., Faria, V., Hummel, T., Frost, M., Michel, C. M., Gossrau, G., & Haehner, A. (2023). Migraine with aura: less control over pain and fragrances? The Journal of Headache and Pain, 24(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01592-3
Tzvika Greenbaum, & Alona Emodi-Perlman. (2023). Headache and orofacial pain: A traffic-light prognosis-based management approach for the musculoskeletal practice. Frontiers in Neurology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1146427
Neurological Pathophysiology:
The patient’s symptoms suggest a transient ischemic attack (TIA), often referred to as a “mini-stroke”. TIAs are temporary episodes of neurological dysfunction caused by a focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia, without acute infarction. The symptoms usually last less than an hour and resolve completely. The patient’s history of a previous stroke, high cholesterol, and partial blockage in the carotid arteries increase her risk for TIAs and strokes. The slurred speech (dysarthria) and weakness on one side of the body (hemiparesis) are common symptoms of a TIA or stroke. These symptoms occur due to a lack of blood flow to the areas of the brain responsible for speech and motor control.
Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology:
The patient’s inability to maintain an upright position or stand could be due to muscle weakness or lack of coordination, both of which can be caused by a stroke or TIA. The brain communicates with the muscles to control movement and balance. If a stroke or TIA disrupts this communication, it can lead to muscle weakness or coordination problems.
Racial/Ethnic Variables:
Certain racial and ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians, have a higher risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease. This is due to a combination of genetic factors, lifestyle choices, and socioeconomic factors. However, without more information about the patient’s race or ethnicity, it’s difficult to say how these factors might impact her physiological functioning.
Interaction of Processes:
The neurological and musculoskeletal symptoms are interconnected. The brain controls muscle movement, so a disruption in brain function (like a TIA or stroke) can lead to musculoskeletal symptoms. Similarly, the patient’s high cholesterol and partial blockage in the carotid arteries can contribute to both neurological and musculoskeletal symptoms by reducing blood flow to the brain and muscles. In conclusion, this patient’s symptoms are likely due to a combination of neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiology, influenced by her personal health history and potentially by her racial/ethnic background. It’s important for her to manage her risk factors (like high cholesterol) to prevent future TIAs or strokes.
References:
Coutts S. B. (2017). Diagnosis and Management of Transient Ischemic Attack. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.), 23(1, Cerebrovascular Disease), 82–92. https://doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000000424
Mensah G. A. (2018). Cardiovascular Diseases in African Americans: Fostering Community Partnerships to Stem the Tide. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 72(5 Suppl 1), S37–S42. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.06.026
Carnethon, M. R., Pu, J., Howard, G., Albert, M. A., Anderson, C. A. M., Bertoni, A. G., Mujahid, M. S., Palaniappan, L., Taylor, H. A., Jr, Willis, M., Yancy, C. W., & American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology; and Stroke Council (2017). Cardiovascular Health in African Americans: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 136(21), e393–e423. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000534
NURS 6501 Knowledge Check Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders
- Question 1
4 out of 4 points
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| Scenario 1: Peptic Ulcer A 65-year-old female comes to the clinic with a complaint of abdominal pain in the epigastric area. The pain has been persistent for two weeks. The pain described as burning, non-radiating and worse after meals. Denies N&V, weight loss or obvious bleeding. She admits to frequent belching with bloating. PMH: seasonal allergies with Chronic Sinusitis, positive for osteoarthritis, Meds: Claritin 10 mg po daily, ibuprofen 400-600 mg po prn pain Family Hx-non contributary Social history: Separated recently pending divorce; stressful situation with trying to manage two homes. Works as a Legal Assistant at a local law firm. She has 35 PPY of smoking, drinks 1-2 glasses of wine a day, and 6-7 cups of coffee per day. She denies illicit drug use, vaping or unprotected sexual encounters. Breath test in the office revealed + urease. The healthcare provider suspects the client has peptic ulcer disease. Questions: 1. Explain what contributed to the development from this patient’s history of PUD?
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- Question 2
4 out of 4 points
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| Scenario 1: Peptic Ulcer A 65-year-old female comes to the clinic with a complaint of abdominal pain in the epigastric area. The pain has been persistent for two weeks. The pain described as burning, non-radiating and worse after meals. Denies N&V, weight loss or obvious bleeding. She admits to frequent belching with bloating. PMH: seasonal allergies with Chronic Sinusitis, positive for osteoarthritis, Meds: Claritin 10 mg po daily, ibuprofen 400-600 mg po prn pain Family Hx-non contributary Social history: Separated recently pending divorce; stressful situation with trying to manage two homes. Works as a Legal Assistant at a local law firm. She has 35 PPY of smoking, drinks 1-2 glasses of wine a day, and 6-7 cups of coffee per day. She denies illicit drug use, vaping or unprotected sexual encounters. Breath test in the office revealed + urease. The healthcare provider suspects the client has peptic ulcer disease. Question: 1. What is the pathophysiology of PUD/ formation of peptic ulcers?
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- Question 3
4 out of 4 points
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| Scenario 2: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) A 44-year-old morbidly obese female comes to the clinic complaining of “burning in my chest and a funny taste in my mouth”. The symptoms have been present for years but patient states she had been treating the symptoms with antacid tablets which helped until the last 4 or 5 weeks. She never saw a healthcare provider for that. She says the symptoms get worse at night when she is lying down and has had to sleep with 2 pillows. She says she has started coughing at night which has been interfering with her sleep. She denies palpitations, shortness of breath, or nausea. PMH-HTN, venous stasis ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, osteoarthritis of knees, morbid obesity (BMI 48 kg/m2) FH:non contributary Medications: Lisinopril 10 mg po qd, Bentyl 10 mg po, ibuprofen 800 mg po q 6 hr prn SH: 20 PPY of smoking, ETOH rarely, denies vaping Diagnoses: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Question: 1. If the client asks what causes GERD how would you explain this as a provider?
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- Question 4
4 out of 4 points
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| Scenario 3: Upper GI Bleed A 64-year-old male presents the clinic with complaints of passing dark, tarry, stools. He stated the first episode occurred last week, but it was only a small amount after he had eaten a dinner of beets and beef. The episode today was accompanied by nausea, sweating, and weakness. He states he has had some mid epigastric pain for several weeks and has been taking OTC antacids. The most likely diagnosis is upper GI bleed which won’t be confirmed until further endoscopic procedures are performed. Question: 1. What are the variables here that contribute to an upper GI bleed?
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- Question 5
4 out of 4 points
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| Scenario 4: Diverticulitis A 54-year-old schoolteacher is seeing your today for complaints of passing bright red blood when she had a bowel movement this morning. She stated the first episode occurred last week. The episode today was accompanied by nausea, sweating, and weakness. She states she has had some LLQ pain for several weeks but described it as “coming and going”. She says she has had a fever and abdominal cramps that have worsened this morning. Diagnosis is lower GI bleed secondary to diverticulitis. Question: 1. What can cause diverticulitis in the lower GI tract?
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