NURS 8100 Week 6 Discussion Individual Right Versus the Collective Good
Walden University NURS 8100 Week 6 Discussion Individual Right Versus the Collective Good– Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 8100 Week 6 Discussion Individual Right Versus the Collective Good assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NURS 8100 Week 6 Discussion Individual Right Versus the Collective Good
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 8100 Week 6 Discussion Individual Right Versus the Collective Good depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NURS 8100 Week 6 Discussion Individual Right Versus the Collective Good
The introduction for the Walden University NURS 8100 Week 6 Discussion Individual Right Versus the Collective Good is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
Need a high-quality paper urgently?
We can deliver within hours.
How to Write the Body for NURS 8100 Week 6 Discussion Individual Right Versus the Collective Good
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 8100 Week 6 Discussion Individual Right Versus the Collective Good assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 8100 Week 6 Discussion Individual Right Versus the Collective Good
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NURS 8100 Week 6 Discussion Individual Right Versus the Collective Good
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
Stuck? Let Us Help You
Completing assignments can sometimes be overwhelming, especially with the multitude of academic and personal responsibilities you may have. If you find yourself stuck or unsure at any point in the process, don’t hesitate to reach out for professional assistance. Our assignment writing services are designed to help you achieve your academic goals with ease.
Our team of experienced writers is well-versed in academic writing and familiar with the specific requirements of the NURS 8100 Week 6 Discussion Individual Right Versus the Collective Good assignment. We can provide you with personalized support, ensuring your assignment is well-researched, properly formatted, and thoroughly edited. Get a feel of the quality we guarantee – ORDER NOW.
Sample Answer for NURS 8100 Week 6 Discussion Individual Right Versus the Collective Good
Patient acuity is rising while registered nurses (RNs) at the bedside are dwindling. The State of Texas nursing shortage is at an average of 11.06% of its registered nurse slots unfilled (Wieck, Oehler, Green, & Jordan, 2004). American Nurses Association (ANA) Principles for Nurse Staffing (1999) served as a framework for policy change. Nurse strategists undertook the challenge with the overall intent to provide excellent patient care.
An example to address nurse staffing and the ensuing problems is the California Staffing Ratio Law. Nurse-to-patient ratios (NPR) are a direct association between errors and the number of RNs. Moghri, Kokabisaghi, & Tabatabaee’s (2021) studies on NPR show that a high ratio affects the quality of treatment, increases adverse events, and raises the patient’s hospitalization period. It is a perfect example of the tension that significantly affects nurses’ individual rights and the collective good. Addressing the nursing shortage issues in health care institutions is both challenging and controversial. Suppose a patient’s prolonged hospitalization period can cost the hospital financial strains. Hospitals are businesses; the median length of stay was six days, the median total cost was $11,267, and the median cost per day was $1,772 (Study: Covid-19 hospitalization costs, outcomes in 2020 improved over time, 2022). Nevertheless, at what cost will it have on nurses’ rights?
Nurses are sworn to follow a set of ethics such as Beneficence & Nonmaleficence. While health care providers are obligated to help people in need, we must do not harm (Bodenheimer & Grumbach, 2009). Nurses are overworked and unable to provide good care for their patients and consequently consider leaving their jobs. The tension between ethical and legal consideration leave nurses in a dilemma. For example, a nurse will work overtime hours to help the hospital organization but is at risk of committing a medical error that can lead to legal consequences. Mandatory overtime laws prohibit healthcare facilities from requiring employees to work more than their regularly scheduled hours except during a health care disaster that increases the need for health care personnel unexpectedly (Bae & Brewer, 2010). On the other hand, hospitals are still experiencing staffing shortages to care for their patients.
Reference
Bae, S.-H., & Brewer, C. (2010). Mandatory Overtime Regulations and Nurse Overtime. Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice, 11(2), 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527154410382300
Bodenheimer, T., & Grumbach, K. (2009). Understanding Health Policy : A Clinical Approach: Vol. 5th ed. McGraw-Hill Professional.
Moghri, J., Kokabisaghi, F., & Tabatabaee, S. S. (2021). Nurse staffing norms in a hospital: Determining a golden standard using a new estimation method. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 14(4), 1367–1372. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2020.1760586
Study: Covid-19 hospitalization costs, outcomes in 2020 improved over time. Texas A&M Today. (2022, January 3). Retrieved April 4, 2022, from https://today.tamu.edu/2022/01/03/study-covid-19-hospitalization-costs-outcomes-in-2020-improved-over-time/
Wieck, K. L., Oehler, T., Green, A., & Jordan, C. (2004). Safe Nurse Staffing: A Win-Win Collaboration Model for Influencing Health Policy. Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice, 5(3), 160–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527154404266578
Sample Answer 2 for NURS 8100 Week 6 Discussion Individual Right Versus the Collective Good
Health Care Policy.
Covid-19 vaccine mandate for health care workers gained a lot of publicity towards the end of last year. It was very important to have a policy that would guide health care workers due to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy that was rampant in all population sectors for different reasons. A regulation was established to ensure all staff who were eligible to receive a COVID-19 vaccine would do so by January of this year before providing any care or treatment (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2021). It was the responsibility of companies especially skilled long-term care facilities to establish a policy that would ensure those who qualified to be exempted did so in alignment of the guidelines established by the federal laws.
Tension between Individual Rights and the Collective Good.
In the health care world, herd immunity has been promoted especially in community nursing. It is very important because with herd immunity not everybody but the majority of the people can receive vaccination that leads to immunity of a disease. This makes infection transmission to be unlikely leading to the entire population being protected. This would cover even those who are not eligible for vaccinations. It is therefore important for bedside staff to be vaccinated. However according to Farah, Breeher, Shah, Hainy, Tommaso & Swift (2022), there are major disparities in actual vaccination rates among different health care workers (HCWs). Advanced practice staff who spend the least amount of time with patients have statistically received the vaccines than nurses and support staff. The probability of an infected support staff spreading COVID-19 would likely be higher because the close proximity of proving care with activities of daily living like showers may not be completed with full personal protective equipment (PPE) in place.
There are HCWs who are hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Bellanti (2021), refers a delay in acceptance or outright refusal of vaccines as vaccine hesitancy. Those staff members who decline to receive the vaccine even when they are eligible to get it cannot work in some hospitals or nursing homes. This creates a further challenge with staff shortage already being a major concern.
It is an undeniable fact that every person has a right to choose what goes in their body but it would not be wise to put people at risk if it was avoidable. To decline to get a vaccine because of misinformation, fallacies, or myths is unfortunate. This is relevant to the COVID-19 vaccine.
Also Read
NURS 8100 Week 7 Discussion Policy Brief
NURS 8100 WEEK 7 Assignment 2 Health Policy Proposal Analysis (Policy Brief)
NURS 8100 WEEK 7 Healthcare Reform Interview
NURS 8100 Week 8 Discussion Federalism’s Impact on Policy
NURS 8100 WEEK 9 Assignment 1 Issues in Health Care Reform (Interview)
NURS 8100 Week 10 Discussion Nursing and Health Policy in Other Nations
NURS 8100 WEEK 11 Discussion 1 Policy Analysis Summary
NURS 8100 WK 11 Discussion 2 Advocating Through Policy
Ethical and Legal Considerations of the Policy.
There are different factors that surround the mandate for COVID-19 vaccination policy among HCWs. Perez, Paul, Raghuraman, Carter, Odibo, Kelly & Foeller (2022), point out the nature of HCWs make them have a high occupational risk for contracting and transmitting the COVID-19 infection after exposure. Legally and ethically it would therefore be fair to give them a priority to receive the vaccines first.
Getting to a point of herd immunity would also be critical. This is not achievable if the vaccine is not accessible on a global level. According to Hosseini (2021), one of challenges of COVID-19 vaccine is whether the manufactures of the vaccine can be forced to share information with competitors so that availability of the vaccine across the globe can be reached quickly. It would be ethically meaningful to look at infectious diseases as public rights instead of individual needs.
Education is key to knowledge. It is important to acknowledge vaccinations have been an important tool that has been used to contain some dangerous diseases in the past. According to Gurenlian, Eldridge, Estrich, Battrell, Lynch, Morrissey, Araujo, Vujicic & Mikkelsen (2022), it would be for the greater good to further educate HCWs on topics like virology and epidemiology.
Reference
Bellanti, J. A. (2021). COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine hesitancy: Role of the allergist/immunologist in promotion of vaccine acceptance. Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, 42(5), 386–394. https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2021.42.210063
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (November, 2021). Biden-Harris Administration Issues Emergency Regulation Requiring COVID-19 Vaccination for Health Care Workers.https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/press-releases/biden-harris-administration-issues-emergency-regulation-requiring-covid-19-vaccination-health-care#:~:text=All%20eligible%20staff%20must%20have,beliefs%2C%20observances%2C%20or%20practices.
Farah, W., Breeher, L., Shah, V., Hainy, C., Tommaso, C. P., & Swift, M. D. (2022). Disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake among health care workers. Vaccine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.045
Gurenlian, J. R., Eldridge, L. A., Estrich, C. G., Battrell, A., Lynch, A., Morrissey, R. W., Araujo, M. W. B., Vujicic, M., & Mikkelsen, M. (2022). COVID-19 Vaccine Intention and Hesitancy of Dental Hygienists in the United States. Journal of Dental Hygiene, 96(1), 5–16.
Hosseini, M.(2021). A Covid Competition Dilemma: Legal and Ethical Challenges Regarding the Covid-19 Vaccine Policies during and after the Crisis. Public Governance, Administration and Finances Law Review, 6(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.53116/pgaflr.2021.1.5
Perez, M. J., Paul, R., Raghuraman, N., Carter, E. B., Odibo, A. O., Kelly, J. C., & Foeller, M. E. (2022). Characterizing initial COVID-19 vaccine attitudes among pregnancy-capable healthcare workers. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100557
Sample Answer 3 for NURS 8100 Week 6 Discussion Individual Right Versus the Collective Good
Thanks for the insightful discussion. From your discussion, I have learned that Nurse-to-patient ratios (NPR) are a direct association between errors and the number of RNs. There is a direct correlation between nurse-to-patient ratios and the number of errors that occur in a hospital setting (Twigg et al., 2021). The lower the number of RNs on staff, the higher the likelihood of errors happening. This could be for a variety of reasons, including nurses being overworked and not able to give each patient the individualized care they need. When nurses are stretched too thin, they are more likely to make mistakes in the course of healthcare delivery. The California Staffing Ratio Law is a regulation that sets a maximum number of patients that can be assigned to each registered nurse in hospitals and skilled nursing facilities (Harrington et al., 2020). The law was passed in 1998 with the goal of ensuring that nurses have enough time to properly care for their patients. Under the law, hospitals are required to maintain a nurse-to-patient ratio of 1:5 for general medical/surgical units and 1:4 for intensive care units (Sharma & Rani, 2020). Skilled nursing facilities must maintain a ratio of 1:10. These ratios are based on the number of beds in the hospital or facility, not on the total number of patients.
References
Harrington, C., Dellefield, M. E., Halifax, E., Fleming, M. L., & Bakerjian, D. (2020). Appropriate nurse staffing levels for US nursing homes. Health services insights, 13, 1178632920934785. 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_248_20
Sharma, S. K., & Rani, R. (2020). Nurse-to-patient ratio and nurse staffing norms for hospitals in India: a critical analysis of national benchmarks. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 9(6), 2631. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7491754/
Twigg, D. E., Whitehead, L., Doleman, G., & El‐Zaemey, S. (2021). The impact of nurse staffing methodologies on nurse and patient outcomes: A systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77(12), 4599-4611. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14909
Sample Answer 4 for NURS 8100 Week 6 Discussion Individual Right Versus the Collective Good
Hello. Thanks for the insightful discussion. From your discussion, I have learned that with herd immunity not everybody but the majority of the people can receive vaccination that leads to immunity of a disease. If enough people are vaccinated, it can create a ‘herd immunity’ that protects even those who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons or because they are too young (Giubilini et al., 2018). For example, measles is highly contagious and can easily spread in a population that is not immune. But if most people in the population are vaccinated against measles, then the disease cannot spread as easily. That is because when there are enough people who are vaccinated, it becomes very difficult for the disease to find new hosts (people to infect). So even those who can’t be vaccinated (such as newborns) benefit from herd immunity. The decision about whether or not to get vaccinated for COVID-19 will be based on an individual’s specific risk factors and health history (Farah et al., 2022). However, most healthcare workers should consider getting vaccinated, as they are more likely than the general population to come into contact with people who are infected with the virus. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that all healthcare workers receive the vaccine for both seasonal flu and H1N1 (swine flu), as these viruses are similar to COVID-19 (Randolph & Barreiro, 2020). In addition, those who work in healthcare facilities should routinely practice good hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette to help prevent the spread of infection.
References
Farah, W., Breeher, L., Shah, V., Hainy, C., Tommaso, C. P., & Swift, M. D. (2022). Disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake among health care workers. Vaccine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.045
Randolph, H. E., & Barreiro, L. B. (2020). Herd immunity: understanding COVID-19. Immunity, 52(5), 737-741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.012
Giubilini, A., Douglas, T., & Savulescu, J. (2018). The moral obligation to be vaccinated: utilitarianism, contractualism, and collective easy rescue. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 21(4), 547-560. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11019-018-9829-y
NURS 8100 WAEEK 7 Healthcare Reform Interview Sample
Health Reform Interview
Reforms remain a critical part of the U.S. health care system with changes occurring at different levels of government, from state to federal system, to ensure that all Americans have access to health care. Healthcare reforms have influenced the healthcare delivery process in the U.S positively; though, some undesired negative consequences have also emerged. I conducted an interview to discuss the healthcare reforms with my state senator. The identified health issue is the use of innovative care models like the accountable care organizations (ACOs). The purpose of this paper is to provide highlights from the interview and an analysis of the same. The interview had two parts based on the questions and its analysis.
Part 1
- How would you rate the current healthcare system in terms of quality care delivery?
- Do you think the introduction of ACOs has influenced the quality of care delivered to the patients in any way?
- What are some of the challenges encountered in the implementation of affordable care programs?
- Do you think the Medicare and Medicaid programs have achieved their intended purposes of reducing the cost of treatment?
- What are the ethical considerations and implications of punishing healthcare institutions with more readmissions within 30 days than the recommended numbers?
The questions aimed at understanding the current healthcare reforms with the main focus being on the Medicare and Medicaid programs. There are many reforms witnessed in the healthcare sector; though, the Medicare and Medicaid programs are easily noticeable. Besides, the questions would help in determining whether the programs have achieved their intended purposes and the existing gaps that need to be addressed. The question of whether Medicare and Medicaid programs have achieved the intended goals is complex and can be analyzed from different perspectives. In one way, it may be true that the government has done its mandate to offer affordable healthcare programs, especially to vulnerable populations and so it is the mandate of the healthcare providers to offers high-quality services. On the other hand, it may be seen that the government has not implemented the program effectively and has resulted in increased pressure for the healthcare providers. Finally, the questions also analyze the ethics governing the healthcare reforms.
Part 2
Analysis of the Interview
Exploring the healthcare reforms provided an opportunity for understanding the dynamics in the healthcare delivery processes. The cost of care delivery remains a major challenge for the majority of the population, especially with the rising cost of living. Various measures and policies have been developed to promote universal health coverage and ensure that all people receive quality healthcare services in time. Inequalities in access to healthcare services are associated with the rising cases of cardiovascular diseases and the associated mortalities. The interview session was effective as the selected national leader was open to discussing the critical issues in the current system and the new approaches to adopt in making access to healthcare services better.
One of the key factors covered in the interview was the implication of the Medicare and Medicaid programs on the cost of medication. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services continues to have a strong influence on the healthcare delivery processes through financial incentives and reimbursements. One of the incentives would involve rewarding those that offer quality care and punishing the poor performers based on the specific quality indicators such as readmission within 30 days of discharge. On the other hand, such policies tend to limit the ability of healthcare providers to offer comprehensive care to patients. Besides, there are cases where the cost of care has increased instead of reduced. The concern in covering the topic during the interview was to understand the critical factors contributing to the high cost of medication and how they could be addressed despite having the Medicare and Medicaid programs.
The interviewer acknowledged that there were cases when the expenses in the Medicaid and Medicare programs would rise. The rise would be witnessed during the economic downturn because many people enroll in the program after losing jobs. The state has to struggle to keep up with the rising cost of healthcare and so may be forced to increase the tax to cover the high budget (Joynt Maddox et al., 2019). Alternatively, the interviewer reported that the state could manage the costs by cutting the payment rates and to the healthcare providers; though, this makes it harder for the healthcare providers to offer quality services to the patients (Shrank et al., 2021). Healthcare facilities require adequate resources to manage the patients accordingly. The reforms and policies developed should be guided by the quadruple Aims which cater to both the needs of the patients and their healthcare providers.
Also, there was the need to explore the oversight of managed care and how it could be improved. It is evident that a majority of the Medicaid enrollees get care through privately managed care firms. Therefore, the main concern is on how the companies can improve costs and maintain quality healthcare services. The compensation given to the healthcare providers should be able to motivate them to offer the best healthcare services to their patients. The interviewer indicated the need to prioritize quality and continuous quality improvement processes. Such initiatives will ensure that patient stays for a few days in the hospitals. The healthcare providers will focus on offering self-care competencies among the patients which will, in turn, increase their level of independence and reduce cases requiring readmissions. Focusing on high-quality care delivery and creating an environment of safety will compel the health care providers to offer the best care to the patients willingly and reduce the burden on the government to pay for the high costs of treatment (Warner et al., 2020).
The last component of the discussion during the interview focused on the ethical issues and implications of the healthcare reforms, especially, the financing aspects. For example, what are the implications of forcing the healthcare providers to reduce medication costs while at the same time, they have to offer quality healthcare services (Yan et al., 2021)? Also, are some of the policies meant to punish healthcare providers for not offering high-quality services justifiable? For example, the health institutions have been punished for high cases of readmissions within 30 days. Such measures are important; though, in one way, they seem to be too harsh on the healthcare providers.
Finally, the interview session was educative and enriching. There was a lot to learn from the interviewer as far as offering quality healthcare services is concerned. Besides, it was evident that the government should focus on promoting a safe and quality working environment that will motivate quality care services to the patients.
Conclusion
Innovative care delivery models like the accountable care organizations (ACOs) aim at lowering the cost of care and ensuring that individuals get better interventions, especially primary care. The interview and its analysis demonstrates the need for the health system and providers to lobby policymaker at state and federal level to institute policies and reforms that will build on the present care delivery. The need for better outcomes implores on providers to seek better ways to offer care and meet diverse patient needs.
References
Joynt Maddox, K. E., Bauchner, H., & Fontanarosa, P. B. (2019). US health policy—2020 and beyond. JAMA, 321(17), 1670. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.3451
Shrank, W. H., DeParle, N., Gottlieb, S., Jain, S. H., Orszag, P., Powers, B. W., & Wilensky, G. R. (2021). Health costs and financing: Challenges and strategies for a new administration. Health Affairs, 40(2), 235-242. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01560
Warner, J. J., Benjamin, I. J., Churchwell, K., Firestone, G., Gardner, T. J., Johnson, J. C., Ng-Osorio, J., Rodriguez, C. J., Todman, L., Yaffe, K., Yancy, C. W., & Harrington, R. A. (2020). Advancing healthcare reform: The American Heart Association’s 2020 statement of principles for adequate, accessible, and affordable health care: A presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 141(10). https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000000759
Yan, C., Liao, H., Ma, Y., & Wang, J. (2021). The impact of health care reform since 2009 on the efficiency of primary health services: A provincial panel data study in China. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.735654