NURS 8201 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION: SAMPLING

Walden University NURS 8201 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION: SAMPLING– Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 8201 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION: SAMPLING assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NURS 8201 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION: SAMPLING

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 8201 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION: SAMPLING depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NURS 8201 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION: SAMPLING

The introduction for the Walden University NURS 8201 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION: SAMPLING is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NURS 8201 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION: SAMPLING

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 8201 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION: SAMPLING assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 8201 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION: SAMPLING

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NURS 8201 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION: SAMPLING

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NURS 8201 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION: SAMPLING

Population, Sample, and Data Collection

 My topic is physical attractiveness’s influence on patient treatment. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact attractiveness has on patient care. The following three questions are the “What” that I am hoping to answer throughout my research on this topic. I wonder if attractiveness is equal to preferential treatment in patient care over someone who is not as attractive. Does natural human behavior dictate how we will treat others? I wonder if healthcare professionals spend more time, and give more attention to attractive patients than those who do not have the same level of looks in the organization I work. What is the effect of attractiveness on the patient’s level of care, is it higher, lower, or equal?

The population of study

The population of the study is all workers who are currently receiving care in the organization where I work, as my studies are focused on discovering the bias that stems from the attractiveness that influences patient care. The appropriate sample I want to focus on is the patients who are admitted in my unit.  Such a sample would provide control for the research that everyone included in the sample would have received the same education. Doing so will create a positive baseline for analysis while also providing a large enough pool of information to determine if a biased trend is within a normal distribution.

Data  or  methods use

I want to use the following observational collection method to remain consistent with the way the data is collected for this study. The photograph scoring and the 23-point facial attractiveness scoring are the sampling methods. Both methods are used to gather ordinal data describing on a scale a person’s level of attractiveness. One is based on an average from a panel using photographs that are all taken in the same controlled setting. The other uses a combined score to determine the level of looks. After attractiveness is determined, continuous data of patient care and nominal data reporting patient satisfaction will be used to find trends in better looking at people receiving a positive bias (Hess, I., Fitzpatrick, T. B. (. B., & Riedel, D. C. 1975). They will be used to answer my three research questions. Given the subjective behavior of the human determination of a person’s attractiveness, these methods are the most effective at removing that behavior, which will result in a pool of data that can be analyzed without fear of invalid data. Two additional methods could be used to gather data for the study to answer the research questions. First is surveys, which would allow participants to rate themselves, attach pictures, and provide a patient satisfaction survey. Second is interviews, which would allow a small group of three to question the subject pool in person for the same data collected in the surveys. The survey method wouldn’t be effective and is open to the bias of the rate (Hess, I., Fitzpatrick, T. B. (. B., & Riedel, D. C. 1975). However, having an attached photograph would ensure that each response is reviewed for attractiveness accuracy but not validity or job statistics. It would lead to an entirely different set of questions on the topic of self-evaluation bias. Interviews would be appropriate for this analysis; the in-person interview would allow raters to score effectively.

The challenges of the sampling

The only drawback to this method is the significant time dedication needed to conduct over 250-300 interviews. The collection method that would be the most resource-efficient for data collection is an observational collection (McCarthy, P. J., & Snowden, C. B. 1985). . Additionally, the data required to answer the research questions can be attained without the subjects when the data is being collected

References

McCarthy, P. J., & Snowden, C. B. (1985). The bootstrap and finite population sampling. Hyattsville, Md: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Center for Health Statistics. https://wrlc-hu.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01WRLC_HOW/100d0fp/alma9912904974904101Links to an external site.

Hess, I., Fitzpatrick, T. B. (. B., & Riedel, D. C. (1975). Probability sampling of hospitals and patients (2nd ed.). Ann Arbor: Health Administration Press. 

Knoppers, B. M. (2003). Populations and genetics : Legal and socio-ethical perspectives. Leiden;: Brill.https://wrlc-hu.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01WRLC_HOW/100d0fp/alma9912257824504101

Sample Answer 2 for NURS 8201 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION: SAMPLING

A current researchable population in my practice area would involve studying oncology patients and their end-of-life. My research question would be, with a stage four cancer diagnosis, is the quality of life more important than the continuation of cancer treatment to prolong life?

This type of research would involve a Qualitative Research approach. Qualitative research is a type of research that explores and provides deeper insights into real-world problems. Instead of collecting numerical data points, intervening, or introducing treatments, just like in quantitative research (Tenny et al., 2022).  This research allows the researcher to ask open-ended questions, gain knowledge on real-world experiences, and collect authentic data from patients who can speak their truths about making decisions about treatment and how they would like to live out the rest of their lives being terminally ill.

One of the most visible challenges this population group faces is the focus on participants living long enough to complete the study and how this would affect data collection efforts.  The life expectancy varies among the oncology patient population. Another challenge may be the sample size. Since the sample size focuses on stage four cancer patients, the number of participants in a study can be limited depending on the size of their clinic, hospital, or treatment facility. In my personal experience, there are not a great number of stage four cancer patients who generate a large sample size.  According to Cartmell et al., 2020, some of the most common barriers in cancer research studies were the most common barriers faced by navigated patients: fear, issues communicating with medical personnel, insurance issues, transportation difficulties, and perceptions about providers and treatment. 

An approach to addressing the life expectancy is shortening the time of the study. Since this is a time-sensitive study, it would consist of collecting data in a smaller time window, possibly splitting the study into two groups.  A patient population has already chosen quality of life over treatment, and another group chooses to keep treatment options to prolong life expectancy.  An approach to addressing the sample size issue would be expanding the population to include patients in different stages of their cancer diagnosis.  This opens a more diverse population sample and allows exploring attitudes toward treatment and quality of life.

The data collection method for this study would be interviewing or a focus group with participants. Interviews and focus groups involve talking to subjects about a specific topic or issue. Interviews tend to be one-on-one, and focus groups typically comprise several people (Harvard Business School, 2021).  The study focuses on finding out what is more important: quality of life or living longer. Finding the answers requires the opinions and thoughts of the participants involved.

Gray, J. R., & Grove, S. K. (2020). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (9th ed.). Elsevier

Tenny S, Brannan JM, Brannan GD. (2022) Qualitative Study. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470395/Links to an external site.

KB, Bonilha HS, Simpson KN, Ford ME, Bryant DC, Alberg AJ. (2020). Patient barriers to cancer clinical trial participation and navigator activities to assist. Adv Cancer Res.; 146:139-166. Doi: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.01.008.

Harvard Business School (2021). 7 DATA COLLECTION METHODS IN BUSINESS ANALYTICS. https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/data-collection-methodsLinks to an external site.

Sample Answer 3 for NURS 8201 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION: SAMPLING

Additional strategies for obtaining samples.

The strategies you identified for sample collection are very sound. In addition to having parental support and school support for data collection, having a community-based approach in your research can help obtain samples easily. A community approach would involve notifying the community of the study topic and the benefits of the community. Buy-in from the community would generate support for the study and help in mobilizing participants.

Different Population for addressing the research problem.

Obesity is a cross-cutting challenge in our populations. Apart from the adolescent population, a choice for mid-age population aged between 24-35 years would also be useful in studying impact of obesity in the population (Todorova, 2022). Obesity leads to 2.8 million dead worldwide every year, when associated with diabetes. In the U.S, 5 to 10% of healthcare expenses are related to issues related to obesity and overweight. 61.9% of the population over 20 year-old in the U.S has a BMI above 25. Beside the US and Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean region has the highest prevalence regarding obesity and overweight. (Khabazkhoob, et al., 2017).

Strengths of data collection method, Challenges with data method and solution

Online surveys has a significant strength in that they provide real-time data. Having such data inflow helps to gauge the response rates to the research topic and eases the process of data review and analysis. The approach also resonates with the study population who are technologically aware.

 The data collection method poses a challenge of technology. Failure in technology might derail the data collection process. Confidentiality of data collected may also be compromised by any online infringement such as hacks, malware in the system. The survey platform also might prove to be expensive to pay for use (Andrade, 2020). An alternative data collection method would be focused group discussions in schools. Focus group discussions provide you with a wider view of the challenges as well as nutritional practices of the study population (Nyumba, et al., 2018).

References:

Andrade, C. (2020). The limitations of online surveys. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 42(6), 575-576. https://doi.org/10.1177/0253717620957496

Links to an external site.

Khabazkhoob, M., Emamian, M. H., Hashemi, H., Shariati, M., & Fotouhi, A. (2017). Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the Middle-age Population: A Priority for the Health System. Iranian journal of public health, 46(6), 827–834.

Todorova, S. A. (2022). Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Bulgaria. Voprosy praktičeskoj pediatrii, 17(1), 122-127. https://doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2022-1-122-127

Links to an external site.

Nyumba, O.T, Wilson, K., Mukherjee, N.,(2018). The use of focus group discussion methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation: Qualitative Methods for Eliciting Judgments for Decisions Making. British Ecological Society

Sample Answer 4 for NURS 8201 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION: SAMPLING

Researchable populations present in my area of practice.

 A Family Nurse Practitioner cares for populations across the lifespan from birth to death, so there is a large swath of need for research within these populations.  Arguably with the baby boomer generation reaching geriatric ages, this population is the most pivotal for FNP focus and care (Melo, et al. 2023).

Most appropriate for use in my research study and why?

 The baby boomer generation is the largest generation of geriatric individuals in the age of modern medicine, and sadly also a large generation of geriatrics with a large percentage of chronic illnesses and co-morbidities. Conducting research and implementation of EBP in the geriatric population has been shown to be effective at improving individuals’ symptoms and quality of life, as well as lower individual and systems healthcare costs (Morsch, et al. 2021). Given the effects of improved EBP research and implementation for geriatrics with chronic illnesses I believe that a focus on this population is crucial for the benefit of all populations, hence my justification on a focus of this age population.

Challenges of obtaining a sample from this population.

 I think the most challenging issue in obtaining a sample from the geriatric population is the ethical considerations.  Getting informed consent from geriatric adult patients is challenging given the cognitive function of some geriatric patients as well as the risks involved with some senior research. This challenge can be met with small efforts to obtain informed consent in a modified matter for cognition consideration, such as spending more time with these patients and utilizing appropriate learning tools for the learners’ ability (Altawalbeh, et al. 2021).

Approach to sampling and rationale for choice.

 “Sampling involves selecting a group of people, events, behaviors, or other elements with which to conduct a study” (Gray & Grove 2020).  In this case of research of the geriatric population, the most important approach is inclusion sampling criteria, or choosing specific characteristics like age, race, or gender (Gray & Grove 2020).  I find this most important for obvious reasons as I am concerned for the geriatric population, the decision is what age range should be assigned.  In this case I believe the 65 and up unit of age to define “senior” is sufficient.  I rationale that as this is the beginning age where often chronic illness becomes a frequent issue.

References

Altawalbeh, S., Alkhateeb, F., Attarabeen, O. (2021). Ethical Issues in Consenting Older Adults: Academic Researchers and Community Perspectives. J Pharm Health Services. 11(1) 25-32. doi: 10.1111/jphs.12327.

Gray, J. R., & Grove, S. K. (2020). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (9th ed.). Elsevier.

Melo, M., da Silva, I., Freitas, L., Mesquita, S., Sonenberg, A., Costa, I. (2023). Family Nurse Practioners: an exploratory study. Journal of school of nursing Sao Paulo. 57(2) 22-29. doi: 10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2022-0362en.

Morsch, P., Palaez, M., Vega, E., Hommes, C., Lorig, K. (2021). Evidence-based programs for older persons in the Americas. WHO. 45(1) 91-109. doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2021.91.