NURS 8310 Week 10 Discussion Addressing Chronic Disease

Walden University NURS 8310 Week 10 Discussion Addressing Chronic Disease-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 8310 Week 10 Discussion Addressing Chronic Disease assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NURS 8310 Week 10 Discussion Addressing Chronic Disease                           

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 8310 Week 10 Discussion Addressing Chronic Disease depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NURS 8310 Week 10 Discussion Addressing Chronic Disease                         

The introduction for the Walden University NURS 8310 Week 10 Discussion Addressing Chronic Disease is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NURS 8310 Week 10 Discussion Addressing Chronic Disease                         

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 8310 Week 10 Discussion Addressing Chronic Disease assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 8310 Week 10 Discussion Addressing Chronic Disease                         

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NURS 8310 Week 10 Discussion Addressing Chronic Disease                           

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NURS 8310 Week 10 Discussion Addressing Chronic Disease

Diabetes is a persistent medical condition that arises due to insufficient secretion or production of insulin by the pancreas. It has the potential to impact blood sugar levels and may result in hypertension, elevated blood pressure, and harm to multiple physiological systems (Younossi et al., 2019). The most prevalent form of diabetes, type 2, is primarily observed in adults and is distinguished by its resistance to insulin. An association exists between the disease’s rise in prevalence in low-income nations and variables such as sedentary habits, inadequate dietary selections, and excessive energy consumption (Fang & Selvin, 2021). Chronic diseases are characterized by their continued presence for one year, although the precise duration may differ depending on the treatment. T2D is a pathological state characterized by blood glucose levels surpassing the established normal range. This paper illustrates type 2 diabetes and improvement initiatives in the US.

Chronic Health Concerns and Population

Approximately 9.4% of the American population, or 30.3 million individuals, are affected by diabetes. Diabetes has exhibited a substantial rise in prevalence during the last fifty years, affecting 7.2 million individuals undiagnosed and 23 million diagnosed (Déruaz‐Luyet et al., 2020). Diabetes affects approximately 40% of the population aged 65 and older, and the number of diagnosed and undiagnosed cases is expected to reach 55 million by 2030. 90%-95% of cases are classified as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), distinguished by elevated blood glucose levels, peripheral insulin resistance, and insulin deficiency. Older age, obesity, a family history of diabetes, gestational diabetes, physical inactivity, impaired glucose metabolism, race/ethnicity, and impaired glucose metabolism are all risk factors for T2DM. Regions with the highest incidence of diabetes are Central America and the Middle East/Northern Africa.

Complications associated with uncontrolled diabetes have the potential to adversely affect health-related quality of life and elevate the risk of mortality. Complications of the microvascular and macrovascular systems are included, including neuropathy, stroke, retinopathy, and nephropathy. The risk of stroke is increased by 1.4 to 5.8 times in individuals with diabetes, while the mortality rate from cardiovascular disease is 1.7 times higher in adults aged 18 and older. Diabetic adults aged 20 and older in the United States have a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease; diabetes is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Complications such as retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy have the potential to cause severely disabling sequelae. Among individuals aged 20 and older, diabetes is responsible for 60% of non-traumatic lower-limb amputations. Adults aged 40 and above who have diabetes are 28.5% susceptible to advanced diabetic retinopathy, which results in profound visual impairment and complete blindness (Ali et al., 2020).

The incidence and complications of diabetes are on the rise among the elderly, resulting in heightened healthcare demands and a decline in health-related quality of life. 59% of healthcare expenditures in the United States in 2012 were attributed to diabetes in the 65-plus age group; nursing and residential care costs associated with diabetes amounted to an estimated $11.8 billion. Dementia and cognitive impairment may exacerbate the adverse effects on health-related quality of life. Physical and mental comorbidities, including chronic pain, cognitive impairment, and renal impairment, can manifest in older patients to differing degrees. These conditions can elevate the likelihood of experiencing hypoglycemia, falls, and melancholy. In order to effectively manage T2DM in the elderly, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) advises a holistic approach that considers their specific susceptibilities and the effects of various management strategies on these areas.

Geographic Region and Demographics of The Population

There is a higher prevalence of T2D among individuals of African American, Asian American, and Latino descent. Their increased susceptibility can be directly linked to their limited engagement in physical exercise. The United States has undergone a steady economic expansion, with far-reaching implications for municipalities and states nationwide. The alteration of the natural environment has heightened the likelihood of individuals developing T2D. It is common for individuals over the age of 45 who have been diagnosed with T2D to often face challenges in effectively managing their blood sugar levels (Ali et al., 2020).

The patients in the population demonstrate inadequate blood sugar control as a result of poorly managed diabetes. As per the World Health Organization, people with T2D often experience symptoms like excessive thirst and hunger, significant weight loss, fatigue, and vision problems. People with a diagnosis of T2D are at risk for obesity, high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, a sedentary lifestyle, and central obesity (Ali et al., 2020). T2DM is frequently seen in individuals who struggle with regulating their glucose levels. T2DM arises when the body’s response to insulin diminishes or when the production of this hormone is insufficient. People diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in the United States commonly show increased cellular resistance, which can disrupt normal physiological processes.

Disease Patterns

Location

The proposal includes data from multiple medical diagnostic records for a thorough analysis. Furthermore, it is essential to consider the United States’ geographical representation. It is important to note that the concept of “place” is wide-ranging and encompasses various aspects. By utilizing geographic information, it becomes possible to identify individuals at a higher risk of developing T2DM. As a result, individuals from Latino, Asian, and African-American backgrounds face a disproportionate impact (Boye et al. (2021). Specific individuals from the mentioned ethnicities may have a genetic inclination.

Time

Older individuals have a higher susceptibility to developing type 2 diabetes. This condition impacts people of different age groups. In addition, it has been observed that T2D does not display any seasonal variations (Boye et al., 2021). Presenting the trends of this illness is essential for effectively monitoring its prevalence in the United States.

Individual

Various demographic factors, such as age, ethnicity, gender, and race, are considered in the epidemiology field. An individual’s age influences the development of T2D (Boye et al., 2021). This particular factor plays a significant role in influencing an older adult’s vulnerability, as well as their emotional and physiological reactions and the time it takes for these responses to occur. Therefore, age can be considered a valuable indicator for identifying patterns (Lawrence et al., 2021). When studying gender differences, it is observed that women generally have superior overall health compared to men.

Improving a Health Outcome

One health outcome involves changes in attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs related to the management and prevention of diabetes. It is crucial to evaluate staff comprehension of diabetes screening recommendations and their advantages. Furthermore, it is crucial to assess the variations in public awareness regarding the potential risks linked to diabetes. Other factors include behaviors, weight management, and promoting physical activity. The factors mentioned play a role in reducing the likelihood of developing diabetes (Lawrence et al., 2021). It is essential to assess the employees’ understanding of the existing workplace programs, benefits, and policies about diabetes management and preventive measures. A thorough understanding of primary prevention and control methods is essential for improvement.

The Significance of Enhancing Health Outcomes

Enhancing process measures can improve the evaluation of measures for T2D. It is advantageous in reducing the risk of developing additional health complications. Maintaining optimal blood glucose levels and mitigating associated complications are facilitated (Déruaz‐Luyet et al., 2020). In addition, the inclusion of process measures is effective in decreasing the frequency of visits to the emergency room. Keeping blood glucose levels within a healthy range can significantly reduce the chances of developing severe medical conditions like cardiovascular and kidney disorders.

Extended periods of high blood glucose levels can result in the onset of diabetic ketoacidosis. This condition has the potential to result in a diabetic coma. Efficiently identifying high or low blood glucose levels is crucial through process measures. Hence, it helps to reduce and avoid negative consequences (Lawrence et al., 2021). Additionally, it is crucial to educate individuals in the United States diagnosed with T2D regarding the significance of consistently monitoring their blood sugar levels. Additionally, it is important to promptly consult with a healthcare provider if any worrisome symptoms arise.

Critical Data to Acquire and Analyze

Diagnosing T2D is a meticulous yet exceedingly significant process. For this reason, it is essential to implement a reliable data acquisition method to locate sensitive information efficiently. Information will be collected from participants who have been diagnosed with T2D. The procedure involves the distribution of questionnaires and the performance of surveys at diagnostic and healthcare establishments. The methodology employed for data collection considers variables such as gender, age, and ethnicity. Additional factors to consider include the treatment regimens, medical histories, and patients’ lifestyles (Eberly et al., 2021). An in-depth examination of the patient’s lifestyle data yields significant insights regarding their behavioral inclinations and possible avenues for enhancement. The program employs Qualitative analysis to identify themes and patterns among T2D patients. Understanding an individual’s medical history illuminates the potential hazards, etiology, and future therapeutic interventions for type 2 diabetes.

Evidence-based Program

The proposed evidence-based program is focused on enhancing the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes in the United States. The program prioritizes patient education, facilitating lifestyle modifications, encouraging consistent physical activity, and adhering to prescribed medication regimens. The strategy is based on the requirements of the populace as it tackles the underlying factors contributing to type 2 diabetes: obesity, inactive habits, and inadequate dietary selections. According to a study by the US Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) (Eberly et al., 2021), intensive lifestyle intervention reduced the incidence of type 2 diabetes significantly. Upon three years of follow-up, participants who were administered the intervention exhibited a 58% reduction in the incidence of diabetes compared to those who were administered the placebo. In response, the National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP) was instituted in 2010 to assist obese or overweight individuals who are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes in order to prevent or postpone the disease’s initiation. Deloruaz-Luyet et al. (2020) report that as of April 2019, more than 324,000 individuals had engaged in the program, which more than 3000 partner organizations provided. More than 1800 lifestyle change programs are available via in-person, online, and distance learning.

Short-term objectives and Long-term objectives

Individuals with diabetes aim to maintain their daily blood glucose levels and HbA1c within the recommended target range while minimizing the occurrence of hypoglycemia. One of the short-term objectives is to regularly check glucose levels in the morning, adhere to the prescribed diabetes medications, and integrate 30 minutes of moderate exercise into the daily schedule (Younossi et al., 2019). Another objective is improving blood glucose control by changing diet and lifestyle, exercising regularly, and following medication guidelines. Physical activity includes different types of exercise, like walking, jogging, and similar activities (Lawrence et al., 2021).

This program’s primary long-term goal is to help individuals with T2D track their daily lifestyle habits and maintain their blood sugar levels within the recommended range. The program also informs patients about the significance of adopting a self-care strategy. There is a significant amount of information to comprehend. It is crucial to establish a collaborative network with individuals who have T2DM. Establishing support networks for individuals diagnosed with T2D to discuss their experiences is beneficial (Younossi et al., 2019). In addition, it is essential to work together to devise practical approaches to overcome obstacles and create backup plans. Medical care is easily accessible for individuals in need within a hospital setting. An important goal is to reduce the occurrence of T2DM in the United States over the long term. The objective is to decrease the number of people impacted by the condition, potentially alleviating the burden associated with treatments.

Stakeholders

The program design requires the active involvement of multiple stakeholders. Significant stakeholders include patients, health professionals, the general population, policymakers, delegates from private health businesses, and researchers. The process involves various stakeholders, including medical professionals, lawmakers, and patients. Effective execution of quality improvement initiatives necessitates the engagement of stakeholders. Epidemiology is crucial in ensuring the effective implementation and achieving desired results in these endeavors (McCoy et al., 2021). Community involvement plays a vital role in both preventing and managing diabetes.

Program Model

Nursing utilizes scientific knowledge from multiple disciplines to provide exceptional patient care. In addition, the domain develops strategies to improve the quality of patient care. Hence, it is imperative for scholars engaged in the program to contemplate the construction of comprehensive models that incorporate both internal and external variables (McCoy et al., 2021). At the outset, it is essential to justify the need for this program. As a result, the planners acquire a well-informed understanding of whether it is advisable to proceed with the program. The program’s practicality is of great significance.

The program is highly compatible with the Precede-Proceed methodology because of its comprehensive approach to addressing behavioral and systemic health issues. The model presented by Force et al. (2021) is well-suited for Type 2 diabetes as it considers various factors such as lifestyle, genetics, and the healthcare system. By assessing population requirements and resources, carrying out focused interventions, and assessing process and health outcome indicators, the model contributes to the program’s design. The Precede-Proceed framework draws upon education, psychology, and social science. The article by Fang and Selvin (2021) discusses the importance of taking actions that promote both environmental well-being and individual health. The framework thoroughly examines the relationship between behavioral and systemic factors that impact health.

Cultural and Ethnic Considerations

A disproportionate number of individuals of non-European descent are afflicted with T2D in the United States. It is imperative to consider the client’s preferred language, acquaint oneself with their cultural background, and establish protocols that adhere to their values. Additionally, it is worth noting that people hailing from various cultural origins have developed unique customs that profoundly impact their day-to-day activities in specific ways (Force et al., 2021). As a result, the program places utmost importance on recognizing and differentiating individuals from various cultural contexts. Ethnic and cultural factors comprise various components, including but not limited to religious disparities, language barriers, private interactions, limited comprehension of care practices, and apprehension towards unfamiliarity. Medical professionals and researchers must place the uttermost importance on respecting their patients’ beliefs and cultural norms. Cultural awareness enables medical professionals to place a premium on maintaining the confidentiality and dignity of patients.

Marketing the Program

There are various approaches to promoting the program. An effective strategy is to give priority to content marketing. The issue involves emphasizing the importance of education over employing sales tactics to sway consumer buying habits (Burd et al., 2020). Applying epidemiology requires a focused approach that prioritizes the creation and distribution of relevant information customized to meet the requirements of potential clients. The issue is a valuable tool for attracting individuals aligned with the program. Twitter (X) can effectively promote the program. According to Burd et al. (2020), numerous individuals and collectives present several program marketing opportunities on social media platforms. Users receive valuable and easily shareable content across various social media platforms. The issue leads to increased visibility, resulting in traffic congestion.

Securing Financial Resources for the Program

To reduce or prevent chronic illnesses, the National Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP) provides financial assistance to projects supported by evidence. As stated by Burd et al. in 2020, the NCCDPHP provides financial options that are quite advantageous. Individuals can access essential financial resources and help via the opportunities. Moreover, people and organizations that are part of the public and private health insurance sectors can contribute to the required financial resources.

Conclusion

Healthcare costs and health-related quality of life are substantially impacted by T2DM, especially among the elderly. Hypoglycemia and treatment-related complications have substantial effects on healthcare expenditures and health-related quality of life. In order to optimize health-related quality of life, management strategies must minimize treatment-related complications and hypoglycemia. Suggestions include opting for medications that impose minimal hypoglycemia burdens, mitigating complications and comorbidities’ impact on health-related quality of life, and considering cost and administration frequency as determinants to alleviate patients’ burdens.

References

Ali, S., Dang-Tan, T., Valentine, W. J., & Hansen, B. S. (2020). Evaluation of the Clinical and Economic Burden of Poor Glycemic Control Associated with Therapeutic Inertia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in the United States. Advances in Therapy, 37(2), 869–882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-019-01199-8

Boye, K. S., Lage, M. J., Thieu, V. T., Shinde, S., Dhamija, S., & Bae, J. (2021). Obesity and glycemic control among people with type 2 diabetes in the United States: A retrospective cohort study using insurance claims data. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, 35(9), 107975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107975

Burd, C., Gruss, S., Albright, A., Zina, A., Schumacher, P., & Alley, D. E. (2020). Translating Knowledge into Action to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes: Medicare Expansion of the National Diabetes Prevention Program Lifestyle Intervention. ˜The œMilbank Quarterly, 98(1), 172–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12443

Déruaz‐Luyet, A., Raabe, C., Garry, E. M., Brodovicz, K. G., & Lavery, L. A. (2020). Incidence of lower extremity amputations among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the United States from 2010 to 2014. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism/Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 22(7), 1132–1140. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14012

Eberly, L. A., Yang, L., Eneanya, N. D., Essien, U. R., Julien, H., Nathan, A. S., Khatana, S. a. M., Dayoub, E. J., Fanaroff, A. C., Giri, J., Groeneveld, P. W., & Adusumalli, S. (2021). Association of Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status with Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibitor use among patients with diabetes in the US. JAMA Network Open, 4(4), e216139. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.6139

Fang, M., & Selvin, E. (2021). Thirty-Year trends in complications in U.S. adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 44(3), 699–706. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2304

Force, U. P. S. T., Davidson, K. W., Barry, M. J., Mangione, C. M., Cabana, M. D., Caughey, A. B., Davis, E. M., Donahue, K. E., Doubeni, C. A., Krist, A. H., Kubik, M., Li, L., Ogedegbe, G., Owens, D. K., Pbert, L., Silverstein, M., Stevermer, J. J., Tseng, C., & Wong, J. B. (2021). Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. JAMA, 326(8), 736. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.12531

Lawrence, J. M., Divers, J., Isom, S., Saydah, S., Imperatore, G., Pihoker, C., Marcovina, S. M., Mayer‐Davis, E. J., Hamman, R. F., Dolan, L. M., Dabelea, D., Pettitt, D. J., & Liese, A. D. (2021). Trends in prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents in the US, 2001-2017. JAMA, 326(8), 717. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.11165

McCoy, R. G., Galindo, R. J., Swarna, K., Van Houten, H. K., O’Connor, P. J., Umpiérrez, G. E., & Shah, N. D. (2021). Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Treatment-Related factors associated with hyperglycemic crises among adults with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes in the US from 2014 to 2020. JAMA Network Open, 4(9), e2123471. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.23471

Younossi, Z. M., Tampi, R. P., Racila, A., Qiu, Y., Burns, L., Younossi, I., & Nader, F. (2019). Economic and clinical burden of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes in the U.S. Diabetes Care, 43(2), 283–289. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-1113