NURS-FPX 4050 Assessment 2: Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination

Capella University NURS-FPX 4050 Assessment 2: Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Capella University NURS-FPX 4050 Assessment 2: Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination    assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for  NURS-FPX 4050 Assessment 2: Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination                                                                                  

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Capella University  NURS-FPX 4050 Assessment 2: Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination    depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NURS-FPX 4050 Assessment 2: Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination                                                                                

The introduction for the Capella University NURS-FPX 4050 Assessment 2: Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination   is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NURS-FPX 4050 Assessment 2: Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination                                                                                

After the introduction, move into the main part of the  NURS-FPX 4050 Assessment 2: Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination   assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NURS-FPX 4050 Assessment 2: Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination                                                                                

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for  NURS-FPX 4050 Assessment 2: Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination                                                                                  

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NURS-FPX 4050 Assessment 2: Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination

Slide 1: Title Slide

Greetings, everybody. My name is ___________, and I work as a care coordinator at the community care center in our locality. It is a privilege to be present today to examine the ethical and policy concerns that are vital in managing care, particularly about homeless shelters.

Slide 2: Introduction

Care for the Homeless has received official recognition from the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) as a Level 3 Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) (Treglia et al., 2019). A more profound understanding of these difficulties is crucial for improving the health and welfare of susceptible groups, such as homeless persons, and guaranteeing fair and equal access to high-quality healthcare treatments (Chen et al., 2021). This analysis will explore the effects of several policies and ethical factors on care coordination. Additionally, we will discuss how experts in this area may work together to tackle these challenges and foster beneficial transformations in our community.

Slide 3: Governmental Policies and Their Impact on Care Coordination

Treglia et al. (2019) have supposed that government policies have a significant effect on the health and safety of our communities, and they also directly influence the coordination of care for those who are vulnerable. An example of this would be the “Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA),” which safeguards the privacy of individuals’ health information and ensures that it is kept secure (Chen et al., 2021). This policy affects homeless shelters since it requires them to preserve the personal health information of their residents and coordinate treatment with other healthcare experts while maintaining confidentiality (Benavides & Nukpezah, 2020). This policy influences shelters for people experiencing homelessness.

Slide 4: Affordable Care Act (ACA)

Consider the “Affordable Care Act (ACA),” which expands access to medical coverage for millions of individuals in the United States, including those who are homeless (Chen et al., 2021). This is an additional example of a policy that impacts the coordination of treatment. According to Benavides and Nukpezah (2020), the Affordable Care Act (ACA) includes a variety of initiatives, one of which is the expansion of Medicaid. This makes it possible for states to give health insurance coverage to more individuals with low incomes, including those who are homeless. As a consequence of increased access to insurance, it is now possible for homeless shelters to better coordinate treatment with healthcare specialists. This ensures that the people in these shelters get the necessary medical treatments.

Slide 5: McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act

Furthermore, the “McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act” allocates funds for services and housing programs to assist the homeless population, directly impacting the resources accessible for coordinating care in homeless shelters (Chen et al., 2021). This legislation assists the “Continuum of Care (CoC)” Program, which seeks to advance community-wide initiatives to eradicate homelessness by allocating financial resources to charitable organizations, states, and local governments. The CoC Program enhances care coordination for homeless persons by facilitating access to mainstream services and maximizing their self-reliance. These policies exemplify the interdependence of health and safety in communities since they immediately impact the accessibility and organization of healthcare for homeless persons. To effectively address the difficulties of delivering comprehensive care to vulnerable people, care coordinators may enhance their ability by comprehending the consequences of these policies.

Slide 6: Ethical Questions and Dilemmas in Care Coordination Policies

When navigating the many different policies that exist at the national, state, and local levels, we could come into ethical concerns or difficulties that directly influence the coordination of care. According to Benavides and Nukpezah’s research from 2020, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) creates ethical difficulties because it allows for variations in Medicaid expansion at the national level. As some states have opted to expand Medicaid while others have not, there is a coverage gap for those with low incomes who do not qualify for Medicaid and who cannot buy private insurance (Paat et al., 2021). People who are homeless are particularly affected by this imbalance, which raises issues about the equality of access to healthcare services and resources.

Slide 7: Ethical Questions and Dilemmas in Care Coordination Policies

Different ways of financing and providing mental health services at the state level might lead to moral conundrums for care coordination. According to Treglia et al. (2019), states that have restricted financing for mental health care services may find it difficult to provide sufficient assistance to homeless people who need mental health treatment. This discrepancy may prolong cycles of homelessness and poor health outcomes by increasing dependence on emergency services and providing insufficient long-term care.

Local laws that criminalize homelessness—for example, by making it illegal to sleep in public places, loiter, or panhandle—present moral dilemmas (Clifford et al., 2019). Due to the possibility of penalties or even imprisonment, these regulations may make it more difficult for homeless people to get shelter and healthcare services. Potential infringement of human rights and a worsening of health inequities among the homeless population are two ethical ramifications of these municipal policies.

Slide 8: Ethical Questions and Dilemmas in Care Coordination Policies

These instances demonstrate tangible moral ramifications and outcomes of specific policy measures in care coordination at the national, state, and local levels. The national-level discrepancies in Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) create a gap in coverage for low-income individuals who are ineligible for Medicaid and cannot afford private insurance. This disproportionately impacts homeless individuals and raises concerns about fairness in accessing healthcare services and resources (Clifford et al., 2019). Insufficient financing for mental health care services at the state level poses ethical challenges for coordinating treatment, which may result in insufficient assistance for homeless persons with mental health issues and perpetuate cycles of unfavorable health outcomes. Local policies that criminalize homelessness may result in human rights abuses and worsen health inequalities among the homeless community, making it more difficult for them to receive healthcare services and shelter.

Slide 9: Impact of the Code of Ethics for Nurses on Care Coordination

The Code of Ethics for Nurses significantly influences the coordination and continuity of care, offering guidance to nursing practitioners in delivering services to vulnerable populations, including homeless shelters. By following the Code of Ethics, nurses guarantee fair and excellent care to all persons, irrespective of their social or economic standing.

The Code of Ethics places significant emphasis on the socioeconomic determinants of health, as emphasized in Healthy People 2030 (Treglia et al., 2019). These variables include socioeconomic status, education, physical environment, employment, social support networks, and access to healthcare. Nursing practitioners may identify and address the root causes of health disparities by considering these aspects. This will eventually improve care coordination and overall health outcomes for vulnerable groups. Research suggests that homeless persons often encounter obstacles when trying to receive healthcare services, including limited transportation options, lack of insurance coverage, and absence of identification. Nurses demonstrate their commitment to the Code of Ethics and enhance care coordination by acknowledging these obstacles and promoting legislative reforms that target these hindrances.

Slide 10: Impact of the Code of Ethics for Nurses on Care Coordination

Furthermore, the Code of Ethics for Nurses underscores the significance of cultural competency in care coordination. It is necessary to comprehend and respect the varied cultural origins of patients and customize healthcare to suit their distinct requirements (Clifford et al., 2019). According to research by Benavides and Nukpezah (2020), patients who received treatment from culturally competent healthcare practitioners reported higher satisfaction levels and better health outcomes. Nurses can enhance the coordination and continuity of care for vulnerable people by promoting cultural competency, which helps overcome communication and comprehension barriers (Paat et al., 2021).

Slide 11: Conclusion

It is essential to tackle the intricate ethical and regulatory challenges that affect the structure and uniformity of healthcare for those experiencing homelessness in order to enhance their health outcomes and overall welfare. As proponents of homeless shelters and nurse practitioners, we must consider the determinants that impact health outcomes, fight for equitable legislation, and adhere to the Code of Ethics for Nurses. By engaging in partnership, we can effectively tackle the inequalities in healthcare and establish a more robust and all-encompassing community for individuals. We value your dedication to this important undertaking, and let us continue our collaborative endeavors to enhance the well-being of the folks we support.

Slide 12: References

Benavides, A. D., & Nukpezah, J. A. (2020). How Local Governments Are Caring for the Homeless During the COVID-19 Pandemic. The American Review of Public Administration, 50(6-7), 650–657. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074020942062

Chen, K. L., Chen, K., Holaday, L. W., & Lopez, L. (2021). Assessing Concordance Across Nonprofit Hospitals’ Public Reporting on Housing as a Community Health Need in the Era of the Affordable Care Act. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, Publish Ahead of Print. https://doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000001357

Clifford, B., Wilson, A., & Harris, P. (2019). Homelessness, health, and the policy process: A literature review. Health Policy, 123(11), 1125–1132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.08.011

Paat, Y.-F., Morales, J., Escajeda, A. I., & Tullius, R. (2021). Insights from the shelter: Homeless shelter workers’ perceptions of homelessness and working with people experiencing homelessness. Journal of Progressive Human Services, 32(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10428232.2021.1969719

Treglia, D., Johns, E. L., Schretzman, M., Berman, J., Culhane, D. P., Lee, D. C., & Doran, K. M. (2019). When Crises Converge: Hospital Visits Before And After Shelter Use Among Homeless New Yorkers. Health Affairs, 38(9), 1458–1467. ‌https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05308

Sample Answer 2 for NURS-FPX 4050 Assessment 2: Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination

Hello everyone and welcome to my presentation about ethical and policy issues that impact care coordination. My presentation will focus on the critical role that ethical and policy factors play in care coordination; especially enhancing patient outcomes and nursing professional conduct, as well as the ethical dilemmas they raise that challenge care coordination. The presentation will demonstrate these aspects by using the American Diabetes Association and its role in care coordination

Health organizations like the American Diabetes Association coordinate care and should be aware of ethical and policy issues that affect such activities. Care coordination is the intentional synchronization of different activities and the use of information to develop effective treatment and care interventions for better outcomes for patients in different health situations (Hill-Briggs et al., 2021). Community organizations should adhere to the ethical and policy requirements set by professional entities and government through regulations in healthcare. The increasing prevalence of chronic conditions like diabetes means that more people require coordinated care which must be founded on ethical and policy bases for better outcomes (Fang et al., 2022). Policies like the Affordable Care Act 2010 and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) are essential because they affect access to quality care while nurses and other healthcare providers must demonstrate ethical conduct by following the set ethical codes when delivering care for patients with diabetes.

Overview of the American Diabetes Association

American Diabetes Association is a non-profit organization that offers education, support, and advocacy for individuals with diabetes, their families, and caregivers (ADA, 2023). The organization helps in advocating better treatment and accessibility based on government policies like the Affordable Care Act of 2010. Through its data, the organization asserts that over 1.2 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes each and require care because the condition is chronic. The association works with healthcare providers, patients and their families, and government agencies at state and federal levels in its efforts to end diabetes in the country.

Government Policies Affecting Coordination of Care

Government at both state and federal levels enact legislations and policies that impact coordination of care. These policies offer a framework for how healthcare organizations like the American Diabetes Association work to attain their goals and offer comprehensive care to different patients with diabetes. These policies include the Affordable Care Act; especially on the expansion of Medicaid, and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). As such, let’s focus on how these policies affect care coordination for individuals benefitting from the American Diabetes Association.

i). Affordable Care Act 2010

The Affordable Care Act enacted over ten years ago expanded different aspects of health insurance to improve access to medications and other aspects of care for diabetic patients. The act expanded Medicaid to improve overall access for people with chronic conditions as it ensures that even those with preexisting conditions have health insurance coverage. The ACA stresses reforms in the healthcare sector based on better provisions for access through the value-based model and the Quadruple Aim goals. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2022) opines that after the Medicaid expansion, newly insured individuals like Hispanic diabetic patients had better control of their diabetes compared to non-Hispanic whites. According to the CDC, the Affordable Care Act reduced ethnic disparities in diabetes detection and treatment.

The ACA also expanded Medicare benefits and continues to push for reforms aimed at increased quality as opposed to quantity. The value-based purchase model is an indication of the ACA’s focus on quality for all patients, especially those who require insulin supplementation to improve their quality of life. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has increased funding for diabetes care through innovative models to expand accessibility and reduce the overall cost of care (Timpel et al., 2019). As such, these efforts through the policy mean that care coordination should take a holistic approach involving all the stakeholders, from patients and their families to care providers, and government entities through following or adhering to the set regulatory frameworks.

ii). Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

HIPAA was enacted in 1996 and requires the Health and Human Services Department (HHS) to develop regulations to protect the privacy and security of health information. A core part of these provisions is the Privacy Rule which establishes national standards for the protection of certain health information by healthcare organizations and providers. These protections ensure that while providers share health information, they should not make certain disclosures. Before the HIPAA enactment, there were no privacy standards in health care and due to evolving technology, these provisions must exist to protect patients who require care in most instances (Hill-Briggs et al., 2021). As such, HIPAA streamlines care coordination as it requires providers to follow certain provisions when sharing information concerning patients. The implication is that through HIPAA, patients get involved in their care plans and can only allow their providers to disclose certain information based on their consent.

Policy provisions that raise ethical Questions & Dilemmas for Care Coordination

Policy provisions based on government legislation may affect care coordination, especially when they raise ethical questions and necessitate dilemmas. Ethical questions arise when the policies have loopholes that hinder providers and organizations like the American Diabetes Association from executing their activities based on their goals (Fang et al., 2022). For instance, the privacy rule provision under HIPAA may hinder the effective sharing of patient information despite their acuity for immediate care provision. As demonstrated by the CDC (2022), policies like Preventive Drug Lists have essential medicines used in the management of diabetes and heart disease. These lists make the cost of care for diabetes patients high and reduce overall accessibility.

The Diabetes Caucus in the House of Representatives has listed critical bills that if enacted will have a profound impact on the management of the condition where over 1.2 million Americans get diagnosed each year (Diabetes Caucus, 2023). The policy provisions are essential in eliminating disparities in diabetes care provision. The privacy rule under HIPAA also raises ethical questions and dilemmas as providers may not access critical information to aid in their care provision. Diabetes patients requiring emergency care during exacerbation may be required to share information with their providers. Delays in such information provision may raise ethical dilemmas for providers to make better decisions.

Impact of the Code of Ethics for Nurses on the Coordination and Continuum of Care

The American Nurses Association (ANA) (2023) developed the Code of Ethics with Interpretive Statements (the Code) to guide nurses in carrying out their responsibilities in a consistent way that guarantees quality care and ethical obligations. The code comprises nine provisions that focus on the ethical conduct of nurses as an essential component of care coordination and attainment of the care continuum. For instance, the first provision entails respect for human dignity, discusses the nature of health, relationships between nurses and patients, the right to self-determination, and the interactions between nurses. These provisions are critical because they inform the kind of relationships that nurses develop with their patients and colleagues, the professional boundaries that they should have, and ethical aspects like respect for human dignity, self-determination, and protection of rights of privacy and confidentiality. As such, nurses working with diabetic patients and populations must offer care based on ethical provisions. The code encourages collaboration among nurses and other healthcare professionals for effective and quality care provision (American Nurses Association, 2023). The code affects coordination as it implores nurses to be accountable and make decisions in the best interest of patients for a better continuum of care.

As such, through the code, nurses must identify factors like income, health insurance, and cultural practices that influence health, lead to health disparities, and reduce or improve access to services, especially for diabetic patients and populations. The social determinants of health as advanced by Healthy People 2030 are critical to the attainment of effective services for providers dealing with diabetic populations. Aspects like living conditions and neighborhood, education, and overall health accessibility are critical in the care continuum. Therefore, based on the provisions of the code of ethics by ANA, nurses have a critical role in improving access to health care services through effective coordination across the different areas of care provision.

Nurses should know that health is a universal right and requires effective collaboration through consideration of human rights and health diplomacy as well as adhering to their overall obligation to advance health and human rights. Nurses should make efforts to address and reduce health disparities, even for individuals having diabetes through entities like the American Diabetes Association. As the code espouses, collaboration for human rights in complex, extreme, and extraordinary practice settings is challenging and has profound effects on care delivery (Hartmann-Boyce et al., 2020). However, nurses should rise to the occasion and offer evidence-based practice approaches to address such challenges, including possible disparities in healthcare.

Conclusion

As I conclude, it is evident that different policy and ethical factors impact care coordination for organizations and even individuals, especially nurses caring for diabetic patients and populations. The developed care coordination presentation shows that nurses must adhere to policy factors like HIPAA and ACA to increase access while also protecting patients. The ANA code of ethics also affects care coordination as it expressly indicates that nurses should adhere to the nine provisions that it advances to attain a care continuum and reduce disparities, particularly for populations with chronic conditions like diabetes.

References

American Diabetes Association (ADA) (2023). Together, We Can End Diabetes.

https://diabetes.org/

American Nurses Association (2023).  View the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive

Statements.  https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/nursing-excellence/ethics/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2022 December 30). Impact of Health

Policies and Programs on Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the NEXT-D2 Partner Network. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/research/reports/nextd2-results.html

Diabetes Caucus (2023). Diabetes Legislation.

https://diabetescaucus-degette.house.gov/legislation

Fang, M., Wang, D., Coresh, J., & Selvin, E. (2021). Trends in diabetes treatment and control in

US adults, 1999–2018. New England Journal of Medicine, 384(23), 2219-2228. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsa2032271

Hartmann-Boyce, J., Morris, E., Goyder, C., Kinton, J., Perring, J., Nunan, D., … & Khunti, K.

(2020). Diabetes and COVID-19: risks, management, and learnings from other national disasters. Diabetes care, 43(8), 1695-1703. DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1192.

Hill-Briggs, F., Adler, N. E., Berkowitz, S. A., Chin, M. H., Gary-Webb, T. L., Navas-Acien, A.,

… & Haire-Joshu, D. (2021). Social determinants of health and diabetes: a scientific review. Diabetes care, 44(1), 258. doi: 10.2337/dci20-0053

Timpel, P., Harst, L., Reifegerste, D., Weihrauch-Blueher, S., & Schwarz, P. E. H. (2019). What

should governments be doing to prevent diabetes throughout the life course? Diabetologica, 62 (10): 1842–1853. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-4941-y