PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis 

Grand Canyon University PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis – Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University  PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis  assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis                             

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University  PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis  depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis                             

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University  PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis    is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis                             

After the introduction, move into the main part of the PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis    assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis                             

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis                             

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis 

Issues of spiritual beliefs can affect a patient’s healthcare encounter, and patients often wish to discuss spirituality with their providers. Healthcare professionals should reflect on their faith, spiritual beliefs and practices, attitudes on faith and healing, and positive and negative spiritual experiences before assessing patients’ spiritual needs. The purpose of this assignment is to analyze the case study about Mike and Joanne with regard to patient autonomy, Christian perspective about sickness and health, and spiritual needs assessment.

Decision-Making and Principle of Autonomy

The physician initially respected Mike’s decision to visit a faith healing service rather than have James undergo the recommended immediate dialysis. Delaying dialysis led to James’ condition worsening, and now needed a kidney transplant. Parents and guardians have the responsibility and authority to make treatment decisions for their children. The decisions include declining or discontinuing treatments, including life-sustaining therapies. Nonetheless, parents’ decisions should be based on the child’s best interests (White, 2020). Healthcare professionals have a right to challenge parental decisions that are evidently not in the child’s best interest. Thus, the physician has the right to challenge Mike’s decisions regarding James’ treatment if they are irrational or likely to harm the child.

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PHI 413 Death and Dying: Case Analysis

The Christian perception of sickness is that God did not create sickness or suffering and did not wish sickness to exist. A Christian may consider sickness and suffering as illusions that can be stopped, healed, or fixed through prayer. Sickness reminds Christians of the fall of man and its consequences on human beings’ spiritual and physical lives. According to Camara and Rosengarten (2021), Christians believe that sickness occurs to remind them of their weakness and that good health is attained by the Lord’s grace and not by a person’s strength or ingenuity. Sickness prevents spiritual pride from dwelling in Christians’ hearts. Besides, it enables Christians to shift their priorities from earthly focus to heavenly focus.

On the other hand, a Christian may view health as a reflection of God’s love. The Christian perception of health does not refute that some individuals are facing sickness and will need treatment and care (Camara & Rosengarten, 2021). Instead, a Christian considers that health requires that the community acknowledges sickness so that the persons who are sick may be restored to health and that the person who is sick remains part of the community even when their health is not restored. Moreover, Christians believe that they should take care of their health to avoid getting sick through preventive measures.

A Christian may think about a medical intervention as a way to alleviate sickness and healing and restore their health. A Christian must have faith in recommended medical interventions to be healed of sickness and suffering and must understand the nature of God and God’s laws. Declining treatment is regarded as neglecting one’s health. In the Scripture, Jesus acknowledged that sick persons need physicians and did not condemn using them (Camara & Rosengarten, 2021). Similarly, Christians should recognize that they need treatment when facing illness since God gave human beings the intelligence to develop medicines and treat ailing bodies. 

Mike should acknowledge the importance of medical treatments in improving his son’s condition. He should consent to his son undergoing treatment, given that the physician and nephrologist have been trained and have the knowledge and expertise to manage his son’s condition. Mike should understand that delaying James’ treatment further may deteriorate his condition and put him at risk of adverse outcomes, including death. Mike should continue having faith that God will heal his son, but this will only happen if he allows James to undergo treatment (Green, 2021). He should understand that the treatments are in the best interest of his son and should thus prioritize them when still praying for him. This upholds the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence since it will promote better health outcomes for James and prevent adverse outcomes.

Spiritual Needs Assessment and Intervention

Understanding a patient’s spiritual needs is fundamental to providing effective and holistic care. Conducting a spiritual need assessment can help the physician build trust and rapport with Mike, strengthen the provider-patient relationship, and increase the effectiveness of the relationship. Green (2021) explains that practical outcomes associated with a spiritual needs assessment include increased adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and compliance with therapeutic recommendations. Besides, the spiritual needs assessment enables patients to identify spiritual and emotional challenges affecting their physical and mental health (Green, 2021). Thus, the assessment helps to identify and address the spiritual issues that enable patients to identify an effective healing or coping mechanism.

A spiritual needs assessment can enable the physician to support Mike in making treatment decisions for his son. This is because it emphasizes empathetic listening, documenting a patient’s spiritual preferences for future reference, and integrating the principles of a patient’s faith beliefs into treatment plans (Camara & Rosengarten, 2021). The spiritual needs assessment can enable the physician to encourage Mike to utilize the resources of his spiritual beliefs for overall wellness. When Mike identifies the spiritual challenges he is facing from the assessment, he can identify ways to address them. Addressing the spiritual challenges will help him make rational decisions about James’ treatment and act in his son’s best interest.

Professional Standards of Practice

The physician should keep in mind that the last time he respected Mike’s right to autonomy, the patient’s condition deteriorated, necessitating more complex treatment. The physician has an ethical and legal duty to advocate for the child’s best interests when the parents’ decisions are potentially harmful to the child’s health or are imprudent. As a general rule, the physician should challenge parental decisions if they place the child at significant risk of severe harm (White, 2020). If the physician and James’ parents cannot reach a satisfactory resolution through respectful discussions and consultation on ethics, the physician can involve the State child protection agency or get a court order to proceed with the required treatment.

Conclusion

The physician has the right to challenge Mike’s decisions regarding James’ treatment if they are unreasonable or are not in the child’s best interest. This would mean overlooking his right to patient autonomy but would be upholding beneficence and nonmaleficence. Christians view health as a gift from God and sickness as a consequence of the fall of man. However, they believe in taking necessary measures to alleviate sickness, like seeking medical care and adhering to medical interventions. Mike should consent to the recommended treatment to treat James’ condition while at the same time having faith that God will heal his son.

References

Camara, C., & Rosengarten, L. (2021). Faith-sensitive end-of-life care for children, young people and their families. British Journal of Nursing, 30(5), 276-279.

Green, C. A. (2021). Assessing Spiritual Health through the Use of Spiritual Health Assessment Tools: Indications for End-of-Life Care. The International Journal of Health, Wellness and Society, 11(1), 189.

White, N. (2020). Practicing dignity: An introduction to Christian values and decision making in health care. Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/phi413v/practicing-dignity-an-introduction-to-christian-values-and-decision-making-in-health-care/v1.1/#/home

Sample Answer 2 for PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis 

Health care professionals encounter patients and families with differing knowledge and perceptions of sickness, health, and well-being. These differences stem from diverse cultural and religious beliefs as well as growing in environments with varying values and lifestyles. James’s case study illustrates how religious beliefs inform people’s health decisions. As health care providers continue implementing ethical practices, such beliefs should be respected as medical ethics necessitates. For effective decision-making and beneficial patient outcomes, health care professionals should embrace collaboration as the spine of patient-centered care. The purpose of this paper is to explore the case study while reflecting on the patient’s spiritual needs. Focus areas include patient autonomy, the Christian perspective, spiritual needs assessment, and accountability.

Decision-Making and Principle of Autonomy

Respect for autonomy is among the dominant ethical principles that health care providers should observe when treating individuals and groups. Generally, autonomy is demonstrated when care providers recognize patients’ rights to make informed decisions about their medical care. This implies that the physician cannot make decisions on the patient’s behalf without seeking consent or informed agreement before commencing the treatment process. As demonstrated in the case study, Dr Wilson’s treatment recommendations contradict James’s parents’ wishes. As white (2020) mentioned, patients, surrogates, and health care proxies have the right to refuse treatments despite going against accepted medical advice. Religious beliefs, as the case demonstrates, are among the factors that usually restrict the use of regular medical procedures.

Due to the profound implications of treatment refusal, Dr. Wilson should help the family understand the need for dialysis and the dangers of faith healing. In health practice, informed decision-making is achieved when patients and their families have adequate knowledge regarding health conditions, appropriate treatment options, and the potential benefits and drawbacks of the available options. This implies that Dr. Wilson should actively engage the parents since they are making decisions on James’s behalf. Ensuring that the parents understand all the options and health implications is the foundation of collaborative decision-making. On the other hand, James’s father (Mike) can refuse the recommended treatment and seek faith healing as provided under the principle of autonomy. However, he should collaborate with the physician to make the best decision for James.

As the physician and parents collaborate in this critical case, several factors should be the basis for their teamwork and decisions that align with patient autonomy. Educating parents and patients on treatment options and their implications promotes informed decision-making. Therefore, it leads to positive outcomes and reduces the risk potential of autonomous choices. Patient autonomy also ensures that physicians involve patients and families in the health care process. Such an approach further promotes ethical practice, a cardinal responsibility for nursing professionals when providing end-of-life care and during other patient care encounters.

Decision-Making, Christian Perspective, and the Principles of Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

The Christian perspective guides health care providers in routine interactions with patients and families. To provide care that aligns with the Christian worldview, health care professionals should understand what Christian spiritual care implies and implement it accordingly. Guided by the principle that human beings are inherently spiritual, health care professionals should prioritize spiritual care at all stages of life. To administer such care, health professionals should understand the patient’s internal worldview, respect it, and be intentional with spiritual needs (White, 2020; Green, 2021). As a result, the physician should be effectively guided by the parents’ worldview and be attentive to James’s family’s spiritual needs. On the other hand, Mike should guide the family in engaging in religious practices that promote positive holistic health. He should understand that Christian beliefs/religious practices are a component of holistic care, and faith healing should not substitute the recommended medical procedures.

Beneficence and nonmaleficence are mainly concerned with the patient’s rights and care safety, which leads to positive outcomes and risk-free procedures. To promote beneficence, health care providers are mandated to provide empathetic and compassionate care and ensure all procedures are not motivated by self-interests. The essence of compassionate care is alleviating suffering and pain, hence healing (Green, 2021). In the case study, Dr. Wilson is professionally mandated to foster beneficence through dialysis and similar procedures that benefit the patient. He should also be guided by the Christian dimension of beneficence that prompts Christians to do good to themselves and others in all situations (White, 2020). Dr. Wilson and James’s parents should also collaborate to ensure harm-free procedures as nonmaleficence necessitates. A potential cause of harm in the case study is faith healing, which worsens James’s condition after the parents delayed the recommended dialysis. To avoid such dangers, the physician and parents should jointly evaluate the health implications of each approach. Mike and Joanne should also act in the best interest of their child and avoid being clouded by religious beliefs.

Spiritual Needs Assessment Intervention

Health care providers should understand the value of spiritual care and support during distress. A spiritual needs assessment is an in-depth evaluation of someone’s experience of spiritual distress (Green, 2021). In the health context, spiritual distress involves disturbances within values and belief systems that offer hope and peace for patients and their families. A suitable example of spiritual distress in the case study is Mike’s assumption that the child’s deteriorating health is God’s punishment or a lack of faith in God. Camara and Rosengarten (2021) demonstrated the knowledge of spirituality as an integral component of faith-sensitive care since it obliges an individual-level understanding of patients’ and families’ personal beliefs. The assessment commences with a spiritual screen, which provides knowledge regarding faith preferences and religious/spiritual concerns. Next, health care providers evaluate how religious practices, beliefs, and values affect approaches to health and life in a given situation.

A spiritual assessment can facilitate holistic healing and foster healthy patient-provider relationships. After assessing the potential cause of spiritual distress, Dr. Wilson should use the spiritual assessment’s findings to guide Mike in embracing practices that provide hope and enable coping. As Green (2021) stated, a spiritual assessment enables health care providers to facilitate interventions that address current and emerging spiritual needs. This facilitation can be done in collaboration with other team members or with family members. According to White (2020), a spiritual assessment is the foundation of an action plan that directs soul care and ensures intentional spiritual communication. With such a foundation, Dr. Wilson can effectively assist Mike and Joanne in directing their energies to spiritual practices that reduce distress. Such practices include purposeful prayers, mindfulness, and relaxation techniques. The positivity accomplished with such practices would further promote healthy conversation between Dr. Wilson and James’s parents and ensure holism in the current procedures and follow-up care.

Professional Standards of Practice

Health care providers should always strive to achieve the best outcomes for patients and families. A commitment to honest and ethical conduct demonstrates professional accountability. In the case study, accountability is characterized by weighing the interests of the patient and family and using professional knowledge and judgment to foster positive patient outcomes. An effective way of achieving such an outcome is embracing evidence-based practice, which integrates scientific evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values in decision-making. For instance, religious values should be respected in the case study as part of promoting patient autonomy. Clinical judgment involves weighing how religious values and medical procedures can be combined to enhance patient outcomes. In agreement with White (2020), resilience can be improved by spiritual support to improve emotional and mental well-being. Accountable health care professionals should ensure patients and families feel less vulnerable and appropriately supported through medical, spiritual, and religious resources.

Professionally accountable care providers should also embrace patient-centeredness and collaboration in their routine practice. Patient-centeredness is achieved by formulating treatment plans tailored to address patient needs. Understanding these needs obligates nursing professionals and other care providers to evaluate the patient’s concerns in-depth through active and intentional communication with family members. Dr. Wilson shows such intent by engaging James’s parents in decision-making and not coercing them to agree with his decisions. Open communication, respect for autonomy, and patient-centeredness ensure ethical practice that aligns with the established standards.

Conclusion

Health problems necessitate different approaches depending on their severity and participants. The case study highlights how religious beliefs and values influence decision-making and their implications in patient care. The principle of autonomy authorizes health care professionals to respect patients and their families’ independent decisions, although they might contradict the recommended medical procedures. To enable patients and families to make informed decisions, health care providers should ensure everyone understands the available treatment options and their benefits and risks. As further demonstrated in the case study, spirituality is critical in health care. Therefore, health care professionals should conduct spiritual assessments as situations necessitate and assist patients and families in practicing positive spirituality through resources, guidance, and collaboration.

References

Camara, C., & Rosengarten, L. (2021). Faith-sensitive end of life care for children, young people and their families. British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen Publishing), 30(5), 276–279. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2021.30.5.276

Green, C. A. (2021). Assessing spiritual health through the use of spiritual health assessment tools: indications for end-of-life care. The International Journal of Health, Wellness and Society, 11(1), 189-197. https://doi.org/10.18848/2156-8960/CGP/v11i01/189-197

White, K. A. (2020). Intervention, ethical decision-making, and spiritual care. Grand Canyon University. https://lc.gcumedia.com/phi413v/practicing-dignity-an-introduction-to-christian-values-and-decision-making-in-health-care/v1.1/#/chapter/5

Sample Answer 3 for PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis 

Religion and spirituality are critical factors in the lives of many people seeking medical care as they are part of providing cultural-competent and patient-centered care. Based on the four principles of biomedical ethics that include autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, it is essential for healthcare providers to consider the spiritual and religious concerns and needs of their patients (Sabo, 2021). The purpose of this paper is a case study involving a parent postponing the treatment of his son who has been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis (kidney failure). The decisions that the parents make are based on their spiritual and religious grounds but seem medically harmful to the minor. The paper evaluates the situation by a considering a host of factors; from the biomedical ethical principles to Christian perspective on the issue.

Allowing Mike to Continue Making Decisions that Seem Irrational and Harmful to James

The principle of autonomy obligates physicians to respect patient decisions and choices after providing them with necessary information about their conditions and possible treatment interventions. Patient autonomy entails the rights of a patient to make decisions about their medical care and treatment without the undue influence from the healthcare providers (Sabo, 2021). The case presented involves a minor who legally is incompetent to make decisions and relies on the parents to determine what happens to him. James parents, Mike and Joanne make decisions concerning the course of his treatment. Here, the principle of patient autonomy is important as the physician should allow Mike to make whatever decision he deems fit for his son, like the choice to forego dialysis in the first instance.

Research is categorical that patient autonomy allows healthcare providers to educate patients in a better way and enable them make better decisions (Zhou et al., 2019). While the physician has an ethical obligation to respect the decisions by James’ parents, he should use his expertise to educate the family on the risks of foregoing the recommended medical procedures, like the kidney transplant to save the boy’s life. The physician should be emphatic that foregoing medical interventions like the dialysis and even the recommended kidney transplant in hope of miracles is irrational and harmful to the quality of life of the boy. The physician should provide a medical and scientific account of the impact of such decisions on the boy for the parents to appreciate the magnitude of the problem (Paris et al., 2018). Through the approach, the physician will enable the parents to make decisions from an informed perspective. However, the physician should not impose anything on Mike, even in situations where their decisions are not rational to the overall health of James. The physician should keep to the biomedical principle of patient autonomy and use the rational theory to allow them make decisions.

Christian Perspectives on Sickness and Health & Medical Interventions

Religion and spirituality are critical elements in healthcare and impact patient’s perspective on treatment interventions. Christians look at sickness and health from a religious perspective, especially based on one’s level of spiritual growth. Christians look at sickness as a consequence of sin and disobedience to God. Christians also consider sickness as testing one’s faith and resolve in God. Further, health is a sign of God’s blessings and allows individuals to witness the goodness of being a believer. However, Christians ought to consider sickness and health differently (Sabo, 2021). They should look at sickness as a natural occurrence that requires medical interventions and remedies. Further, they not consider health as the only blessing from God but an attempt by individuals to maintain a balance in life. Sickness reiterates the need to care for those suffering and reaffirms their obligation to get close to God and Jesus.

Christian should not be against medical interventions as they are called to accept science and its biomedical uses. Medical interventions are scientific approaches to reduce and even eliminate unnecessary suffering that individuals endure in life. Medical interventions used along prayers lead to healing and restoration of health (Zhou et al., 20119). God has given people intelligence and through this, they discover medical interventions to cure diseases and alleviate suffering. Therefore, Christians should consider medical knowledge and expertise as God’s gift to humanity. Jesus implored his disciples to seek medical interventions (Mathew 9:12, NIV). Christians need to understand that seeking medical intervention does not mean that one lacks faith but a ways of respecting God’s command to seek medical care when sick.  

On his part, Mike need to maintain his faith in God that he has power to heal his son. Christians believe in God’s power to health the sick and restore health. Mike should allow his son to undergo the medical intervention while trusting in God that He will use the physicians to restore his health (Sabo, 2021). Mike should use the information given by the physicians and figure out the most effective way to alleviate the suffering that his son endures (Paris et al., 2018). The most appropriate approach is for him to allow James undergo the recommended medical interventions that include a kidney transplant.

Honoring the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence implores the parents to allow James to have the medical intervention as recommended by the physician and the team. Beneficence implies doing greater good and ensuring that all actions and decisions by healthcare provider are in the best interests of a patient. Non-maleficence implies that healthcare providers should not perform actions that intentionally harm a patient (Zhou et al., 2019). Mike should reason that the physician does not recommend the interventions to harm James but doing so is the best interest of his health. Therefore, he should allow the son to undergo the suggested procedures.

Spiritual Needs Analysis

Considering a patient’s spiritual needs is an essential part of providing effective and holistic care. The main goal of a spiritual needs assessment is to enable a healthcare provider support a patient by integrating their religious beliefs, values, norms, and concerns to enhance quality outcomes. Spiritual needs are a critical component of patient-centered and evidence-based practice (EBP) care, especially when dealing with patients from diverse sociocultural and economic backgrounds (Timmins & Caldeira, 2017). The assessment is critical as it allows a patient to leverage the existing spiritual resources to improve their overall wellness and perspective on health interventions.

Conducting a spiritual assessment before treatment of a patient enables the healthcare provider to develop a therapeutic rapport and alliance with the patients while providing a chance for renewal, resiliency, growth and a positive attitude to their health condition that are important in health restoration (Isaac et al., 2018). The implication is that satisfying the spiritual needs of a patient is the basis of holistic care. Carrying out a spiritual assessment is complex, especially in this case where the individual with the problem is a minor yet the person making decisions is the parent.

Physicians may not be the best placed to conduct a spiritual analysis on Mike based on the decisions that he is making. The physician should refer Mike to a chaplain who can help determine effective interventions to help Mike reach better decisions for the sake of James. However, the physician can use tools like HOPE and FICA frameworks. These tools have tests that will allow the physicians to develop a rapport with Mike and incorporate his religious preferences in James’ care plan.

Conclusion

The case study on “Healing and Autonomy” shows that Christians have different perspectives on aspects like healing and medical interventions. The paper demonstrates the need for physicians to adhere to biomedical principles and enable patients to make decisions based on autonomy without any undue influence. A spiritual needs assessment is critical in evaluating a patient’s perspective concerning the recommended treatment interventions.

References

Isaac, K., Hay, J., & Lubetkin, E.  (2018) Incorporating Spirituality in primary Care. Journal of

            Religion and Health, 55(3), 1065-1077. DOI: 10.1007/s10943-016-0190-2

Paris, W., Seidler, R. J. H., FitzGerald, K., Padela, A. I., Cozzi, E., & Cooper, D. K. (2018).

Jewish, Christian and Muslim theological perspectives about xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation, 25(3), e12400. DOI: 10.1111/xen.12400.

Sabo, A. (2021). Practicing Dignity: An Introduction to Christian Values and Decision Making

            In Health Care (1st Edition). Grand Canyon University – Digital Resources.

Timmins, F., & Caldeira, S. (2017). Assessing the spiritual needs of patients. Nursing standard,

            31(29): 47-53.  doi: 10.7748/ns. 2017.e10312.

Zhou, S. K., Rueckert, D., & Fichtinger, G. (Eds.). (2019). Handbook of medical image

            computing and computer assisted intervention. Academic Press.