PHI 413 Moral Status: Case Analysis
Grand Canyon University PHI 413 Moral Status: Case Analysis– Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University PHI 413 Moral Status: Case Analysis assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for PHI 413 Moral Status: Case Analysis
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University PHI 413 Moral Status: Case Analysis depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for PHI 413 Moral Status: Case Analysis
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University PHI 413 Moral Status: Case Analysis is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
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How to Write the Body for PHI 413 Moral Status: Case Analysis
After the introduction, move into the main part of the PHI 413 Moral Status: Case Analysis assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for PHI 413 Moral Status: Case Analysis
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for PHI 413 Moral Status: Case Analysis
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for PHI 413 Moral Status: Case Analysis
Nurses and other healthcare providers often experience complex issues that require ethical decision-making. Assisting families to make decisions on issues related to fetal abnormalities is one of the experiences. In such cases, healthcare providers provide accurate information that would help families make rational decisions on whether to keep or terminate a pregnancy. The Christian worldview might inform the decisions that families make to address complex situations. Therefore, this essay examines the fetal abnormality case study to identify the moral theories used and their influence on the decisions made.
Christian Worldview of the Nature of Human Persons, Theory of Moral Status, Intrinsic Value, and Dignity
The Christian worldview of human persons is based on the belief that God created human beings in his image. God requires human beings to protect his creations. The worldview also recognizes the need for the protection of human life and, hence, dignity. Accordingly, human beings do not have any right to take a life, as it is God’s decision. The worldview also has the aspects of inherent dignity, moral status, and intrinsic value. Inherent dignity refers to the equal nature of human beings irrespective of their characteristics such as race, abilities, gender, and social status. Every human being has a social worth that should be protected since they are God’s image. Human beings are moral beings. They can make decisions and choices, implying that they are responsible for the decisions or actions they make. God expects human beings to show moral responsibility in their actions. Human beings are also relational beings. They are expected to create relationships among themselves and with their God. The Christian worldview also holds the existence of eternal life (Clarke & Parris, 2019; Evans et al., 2022). Christians believe in the existence of eternal life after death and hell for sinners.
Theories Used by Individuals in the Case Study
Each of the persons in the case study used different theories to determine moral status. Dr. Wilson explained the challenges of having a child with deformities and recommended abortion to the family. He considers abortion a medically appropriate intervention that would save the parents from suffering due to caring for a child with poor congenital malformations. As a result, Dr. Wilson applies theories of consequentialism and utilitarianism. The theory of utilitarianism asserts that actions are moral if they maximize the good and minimize the bad. An abortion would minimize any suffering and financial hardships for the family, hence, their financial security. The theory of consequentialism holds the importance of the consequences of actions to be drivers of moral actions (Card & Smith, 2020; Mathiesen, 2022). A decision should have favorable consequences, which minimize the challenges encountered in caring for the disabled child in the case study.
Marco reports that he believes the pregnancy should be terminated because of the challenges of caring for a disabled child. He considers it a hindrance to their financial security. He also reports that he would support Jessica’s decision. As a result, he uses the utilitarianism theory (Mathiesen, 2022). The use of the theory is evident from his belief that the child will be a burden and at the same time consider his wife’s happiness based on the decision she adopts.
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Maria uses the intrinsic value theory. The intrinsic value theory asserts that every human being has an inherent value based on his or her human nature. Actions taken should aim at preserving a person’s dignity. One’s value should not be based on factors such as age, appearance, or abilities. As a result, Maria urges Jessica to proceed with her pregnancy. Jessica uses both utilitarianism and the theory of intrinsic value (Bradford, 2023; Lemos, 2021). Utilitarianism is evident from her considering the socioeconomic impacts of caring for a child with congenital malformations. She uses the theory of intrinsic value when she asserts that all life is sacred. However, she is undecided on the decision to take.
Influence of the Theories on Recommended Actions
The utilitarianism theory influence Dr. Wilson, Marco, and Jessica’s actions. Dr. Wilson recommended the family to consider abortion because of the likelihood of Down syndrome and lack of the fetus developing extremities. The developmental issues would have negative effects on the baby and family’s quality of life. Marco and Jessica also hold similar opinions. However, Jessica is undecided on the action to take. The consequentialism theory also makes Marco weigh the benefits and risks of having the child. In his view, an abortion is an appropriate decision but he respects his wife’s decision. The intrinsic value theory influences Maria and Jessica’s actions. They consider the inherent value and dignity of human life (Bradford, 2023). They also consider the sacredness of human life. As a result, they are persuaded not to terminate the pregnancy.
Moral Status Theory Personal Response
In my view, the utilitarianism theory is the most appropriate theory in the case study. The decisions made in the case study should weigh the benefits and risks of terminating the pregnancy. Dr. Wilson’s view relies on evidence-based data. The diagnostic results support medical and rational termination of the pregnancy. Therefore, terminating the pregnancy is appropriate for better quality of life for the family.
Conclusion
In summary, the individuals in the case study used different theories to make decisions. The theories affected the actions taken on whether to keep the pregnancy or not. The Christian worldview considers the inherent dignity of human life and that human beings are created in God’s image. The utilitarianism theory is the most appropriate to guide actions in the case study.
References
Bradford, G. (2023). Uniqueness, Intrinsic Value, and Reasons. Journal of Philosophy, 120(8), 421–440. https://doi.org/10.5840/jphil2023120825
Card, D., & Smith, N. A. (2020). On Consequentialism and Fairness. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 3. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2020.00034
Clarke, M., & Parris, B. W. (2019). Understanding disasters: Managing and accommodating different worldviews in humanitarian response. Journal of International Humanitarian Action, 4(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41018-019-0066-7
Evans, C., Brown, D., & Davis, J. (2022). Professional counseling from a Christian worldview. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 24(3), 309–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2021.1885004
Lemos, N. (2021). What Is Basic Intrinsic Value? Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 24(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10677-021-10167-7
Mathiesen, T. (2022). Utilitarianism and Consequentialism in Learning. In A. Ammar (Ed.), Learning and Career Development in Neurosurgery: Values-Based Medical Education (pp. 95–100). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02078-0_10
Sample Answer 2 for PHI 413 Moral Status: Case Analysis
After reading of the “Case Study: Fetal Abnormality” and the specific moral status theories in the topic Resources, respond to the following prompts, using only citations from the case and topic Resources:
- Based on the case and specific moral status theories in the topic Resources, in 450-500 words, what is the Christian view of the nature of human persons, and which theory of moral status is it compatible with? How is this related to the intrinsic human value and dignity?
The Christian view of the nature of human persons focuses on the inherent dignity of all people based on the concept of Imago Dei or God’s image. This concept is derived from the Holy Bible in Genesis 1:27 which avers: “So God created mankind in His image, in the image of God He created them; male and female He created.” As such, Christians believe that God created human beings in His image and likeness, implying that human beings resemble Him in all the things they do, including their intrinsic value and dignity. Therefore, by their very nature, human beings possess worth and dignity because of being created in God’s image. The belief implies several critical aspects that include inherent dignity, moral responsibility, and relational beings (Bogue et al., 2020). For instance, inherent dignity implies that irrespective of one’s abilities, age, and gender, they are worth and dignified since they are created in His image. Moral responsibility implies that humans are moral beings with the ability to make choices and are accountable for their actions. Human beings should develop relationships with both God and others, including upholding moral values and protecting the sanctity of life. Finally, human beings have an eternal aspect because their souls never die but live like God’s when one dies. The most compatible moral status theory with the Christian view about the nature of human persons is the intrinsic value theory. This model asserts that all human beings possess inherent value by being humans. As such, founded on human properties, human beings possess unique qualities that make them valuable, irrespective of their mental and physical capabilities. This theory aligns with the Christian view of Imago Dei or being created in God’s image which underscores and emphasizes the inherent worth and dignity of every individual (Cota et al., 2024). Both the theory and the Christian worldview are categorical that individuals should treat others with the respect and dignity they deserve since all are equal and valuable. Intrinsic value and dignity form the foundation of human living and the protection of life while opposing actions and decisions that violate the sanctity of life. As such, the belief that all human beings are created in God’s image is the foundation of advancing that every human being has intrinsic value and dignity. The implication is that human beings are not contingent on external aspects like productivity, social status, and physical abilities but have inherent worth and dignity because of being humans. Christians believe that human life begins at conception; implying that fetuses and unborn babies are bearers of divine likeness because of being created in God’s image and should be protected because of their inherent dignity and worth (Kretzmer et al., 2021). This ethical principle forms the cornerstone of Christians’ moral code and guides actions while inspiring them to model and encourage virtues like love, kindness, and respect for all people. God implores Christians to show unconditional love and empathy, and this implies that the intrinsic value in human beings transcends and affirms every individual’s multifaceted importance and dignity. |
- Based on the case, in 200-250 words, which specific moral status theory or theories from the topic Resources are being used by Jessica, Marco, Maria, and Dr. Wilson to determine the moral status of the fetus? What from the case study specifically leads you to believe that they hold the theory or each of the theories you identified?
Jessica and Maria are deeply rooted Christians and apply virtue ethics as well as the relationship theory of moral status. For instance, Jessica believes that life is sacred and a gift from God that should be protected. While conflicted and in a dilemma, Jessica wants to protect the unborn baby because of her relationship with it as the mother. Maria reminds her of her duties and responsibilities as the baby’s mother and implores her to keep the pregnancy since it is God’s plan despite the abnormality of the fetus. Maria applies virtue ethics as she insists on the role of Jessica, her character, and being grounded in Christianity. Maria focuses on compassion and understanding while respecting Jessica’s autonomy in making decisions. Marco considers the burden of raising a child with disabilities; from physical to cognitive, especially at a time when they seem to be improving their financial abilities. Marco uses utilitarian theory as illustrated by his approach to the issue where he urges the physician not to disclose the diagnosis to Jessica (Watt, 2020). He wants a choice that confers the most happiness or least suffering for the greatest number of people. For instance, he says that he will support any choice that Jessica makes but is anxious about the burden of raising a child with disabilities. Marco uses moral agency theory when he insists that Jessica should choose the diagnosis as stated by Dr. Wilson. Dr. Wilson bases his decision on scientific evidence derived from the assessment and diagnostic tests like the scans. As such, he uses cognitive properties as he evaluates the physical and cognitive aspects of the fetus. Dr. Wilson is categorical that Jessica should accept abortion as the best remedy for the situation based on scientific evidence.
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- Based on the case and specific moral status theories in the topic Resources, in 200-250 words, how does the theory or each of the theories they used to determine or influence each individual’s recommendation for action?
Each individual in the case study uses certain theory or theories to determine or influence their respective recommended actions. These theoretical perspectives affect the decisions that each person makes. Firstly, Jessica grapples with a difficult decision concerning the fetus and the possible challenges of raising the child in the world due to its severe disabilities (Thirsk et al., 2022). While she believes that terminating the pregnancy is the most appropriate decision, she is worried about her relationship with the unborn baby as its mother and her religious beliefs about the sanctity of life since she is deeply religious. As illustrated by Maria, her aunt, her determination about the fetus emanates from her theoretical perspectives about its moral status. Marco uses the utilitarian approach and moral agency theory. While he is worried about the difficulties of raising such a child, he does not want to make the decision or support the physician openly but wants Jessica to make a decision alone. He is ready to support her based on her decision but still anxious about the life of the baby. As such, he believes that if the child will create challenges, Jessica should opt for its termination. Maria’s use of virtue ethics and religious philosophy like relational theory helps her to advise Jessica to keep the pregnancy and pray for divine intervention. Maria believes that God can change the current diagnosis and implores Jessica to consider her role as the mother of the unborn baby (Watt, 2020). She believes in the baby’s inherent value and dignity because life begins at conception and should be protected. Dr. Wilson deploys a scientific approach as he demonstrates that the pregnancy will constitute a significant burden to Jessica because of the disabilities the baby will have. The best way is to terminate it due to difficulties in raising such a child.
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- Based on the case and specific moral status theory or theories from the topic Resources, in 200-250 words, what theory do you personally agree with and why? How would that theory determine or influence your recommended action in a similar situation?
The intrinsic value of human beings based on the concept of Imago Dei or man’s creation in God’s image influences my theory of virtue ethics as it promotes human dignity and value based on the circumstances in this case. Life begins at conception and the unborn baby, though with deformity and possible Down Syndrome, requires respect and dignity because of its value (Olsen, 2022). Human development is a continuous process and human existence does not become worthless because of one’s natural condition. Virtue ethics dictates that a virtuous individual, including professionals like physicians, should value life from its conception to the end (Kretzmer et al., 2021). Therefore, virtue ethics implores the people in the case to consider the overall value of the unborn baby and the possible severe disabilities it will have, making it difficult to live, including the parents. As such, the physician is right to give a diagnosis but the ultimate decision will come from Jessica. Based on virtue ethics, Jessica should make a better decision, especially aimed at keeping the pregnancy and seeking any remedies to correct the situation. As such, abortion or termination of the pregnancy should be the last option if it is in the best interest of Jessica and her family. |
- Based on the case and topic Resources, in 200-250 words, how does the integration of knowledge in health care (theories, multiple ways of knowing, evidence) and knowledge from other disciplines inform and support your current or future professional health care practices and judgments regarding moral status issues?
The integration of healthcare knowledge based on theories, multiple ways of knowing, and evidence and knowledge from other disciplines informs and supports my current professional practices and judgment concerning moral status issues by providing sufficient materials and worldviews to make better decisions. As a nurse, theories like virtue ethics, utilitarianism, human properties, and relationship-based approaches allow one to integrate the best approaches and attain better ways to handle patients, irrespective of their unique situations (Olsen, 2022). For instance, theories and multiple ways of knowing demonstrate that nurses should integrate patients’ values and preferences when making critical decisions in care provision. Moral status issues are sensitive and require nurses and all healthcare providers to consider various perspectives, especially those that align with patients’ values, preferences, and best approaches to care delivery. As I pursue future professional practices and judgments on moral status issues, I should integrate the best evidence, enhance the application of the most effective approaches to the situation, and implore colleagues to always prioritize patients’ interests, concerns, and values. Therefore, evidence, especially through evidence-based practice (EBP) models and interventions, should influence core decisions and judgments that a nurse makes when handling patients. Diversity and inclusion should influence all the decisions that nurses make in care delivery. I will leverage these aspects to enhance decision-making approaches and attain the best care for patients irrespective of their conditions.
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References
Bogue D.W. & Hogan M. (2020). Practicing Dignity: An Introduction to Christian Values and
Decision Making in Health Care. Grand Canyon University. Web.
Cota, M., Jr., & de la Torre, V. (Eds.). (2024). Practicing dignity: An introduction to Christian
values and decision-making in health care (3rd ed.). Grand Canyon University.
Kretzmer, D., & Klein, E. (Eds.). (2021). The concept of human dignity in human rights
discourse. Brill.
Olsen, T. (2022). Where the Unborn Are People. Christianity Today, 66(7): 27-28A.
https://www.christianitytoday.com/2022/10/miscarriage-church-abortion-editorial/
Thirsk, L. M., Panchuk, J. T., Stahlke, S., & Hagtvedt, R. (2022). Cognitive and implicit biases
in nurses’ judgment and decision-making: a scoping review. International Journal of
Nursing Studies, 133, 104284. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104284.
Watt, H. (2020). The Dignity of Human Life: Sketching out an “Equal Worth” Approach. Ethics
& Medicine: An International Journal of Bioethics, 36(1): 7-1.
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100046