PHI 413V Topic 2 Assignment Case Study on Moral Status (Fetal Abnormality)
Grand Canyon University PHI 413V Topic 2 Assignment Case Study on Moral Status (Fetal Abnormality)– Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University PHI 413V Topic 2 Assignment Case Study on Moral Status (Fetal Abnormality) assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for PHI 413V Topic 2 Assignment Case Study on Moral Status (Fetal Abnormality)
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University PHI 413V Topic 2 Assignment Case Study on Moral Status (Fetal Abnormality) depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for PHI 413V Topic 2 Assignment Case Study on Moral Status (Fetal Abnormality)
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University PHI 413V Topic 2 Assignment Case Study on Moral Status (Fetal Abnormality) is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
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How to Write the Body for PHI 413V Topic 2 Assignment Case Study on Moral Status (Fetal Abnormality)
After the introduction, move into the main part of the PHI 413V Topic 2 Assignment Case Study on Moral Status (Fetal Abnormality) assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for PHI 413V Topic 2 Assignment Case Study on Moral Status (Fetal Abnormality)
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for PHI 413V Topic 2 Assignment Case Study on Moral Status (Fetal Abnormality)
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for PHI 413V Topic 2 Assignment Case Study on Moral Status (Fetal Abnormality)
Christian View of the Nature of Human Persons
Christians perceive human as a special creature of God. In other words, the power of God is reflected on the nature of human. Human portray the attributes of God in different aspects. Influenced by Plato’s philosophical perspectives, Christians often identify the image of God in human beings only in their faculty of perception and intellectual capability and not in their physical body. According to Christianity, human have soul that connects them with their supernatural powers. Unlike other creatures, human was created in the image of God and that all their characteristics reflects the true nature of God. From the case study, terminating human life because of physical abnormality is not in line with the Christian view since life is based on the intellectual capability and faculty of perception. The real image of God as a personal being is freedom. During creation, God created human being according to His own image and likeness, He also provided them with the mark of nobility which is freedom; this constitutes the presupposition of Love. In other words, God loves everyone despite their condition.
From the Christian perspectives, it is only through the above freedom that human beings become partner of God in all aspects of life. Also, it is only through the above freedom that God’s love be answered through free love in return. Christian perception of nature of human persons is compatible with the sentience theory of moral status. Sentience theory of moral status suggest that human beings intrinsically deserve protection. The Christian view of the human nature and its compatibility with the sentience theory of moral status directly relates to the intrinsic human dignity and value. There is the need to protection human irrespective of their physical status as they are only connected to God through soul, intellectual capability, and the faculty of perception.
Theories Used By Jessica, Marco, Maria, and Dr. Wilson To
Determine the Moral Status of the Fetus
Jessica applies blended theories as well as the modern western worldview on the moral status of the fetus. Partly, Jessica appears to have similar thoughts and perspectives to Marco which aligns with the materialism worldview. On other words, Jessica believes that disabilities portrayed by the fetus may hinder their progress socially and economically. On the other hand Jessica believes that life is sacred and that God’ power is portrayed in human life. Her thoughts aligns to the Christian worldview which suggest that human being is a special creature who directly reflect the power of God (Shelly & Miller, 2016). The above scenario means that Jessica believed in sentience theory of moral status. Marco employs the theory of materialism in worldview to determine the moral status of the fetus. In other words, Marcos has a materialistic perception on the moral status of the fetus. Marcos is more concerned with the economic status and financial difficulties that they will to face when the child is born with the abnormalities. Marco sees the possibility of having a disabled child who will create a burden and a barrier to their future life. The perception of materialism ignores religion, spirituality, and what happens to human beyond death. The theory of materialism relates events such as realities and life expectancies to the matters within the laws of nature.
Maria believes in Christian perspectives. In other words she believes in sentience theory of moral status. She believes that life is special and that human represents the true nature of God including power and love. Maria strongly believe that abortion wrong and that Jessica should keep the pregnancy despite the possible disabilities (Gash, 2016). Maria advices Jessica to keep pregnancy and to follow the plans of God. According to Christianity, God has power over life and that His are unique and beyond the human understanding. Also, Christian believes that God is the giver of life and He has plans for everyone. As a result, Jessica should follow Gods plan and keep the pregnancy (Gaunt et al., 2016). Christina worldview often looks into God and the importance of faith, prayer, and a personal approach to healthcare processes. From the Christian perspectives, technology and science are only the gifts from God to provide benefit to the creation. Dr. Wilson believes in the theory of scientism; his personal worldview is determined science. He provides the decision to terminate fetus in line with the healthcare policies and requirements (Gash, 2016). He does not consider religion or spirituality when making decision on abortion. From the scientific tests, Dr. Wilson affirms that there is high likelihood that the fetus will develop Down syndrome upon the delivery in addition to the physical disabilities. Dr. Wilson uses scientism to determine the moral status of the fetus.
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How the Theories Determine or Influence Each of Their Recommendations for Action
Jessica and Marcos theory of materialistic worldview impacts the recommendation for abortion citing the possible social and economic problems. Dr. Wilson’s scientism theory justifies the recommendation for abortion given the fact the when the baby is born there would be a high possibility of continuous infections characterized by Down syndrome. Also, Dr. Wilson suggests that the possible physical disabilities may hinder the life expectation of the unborn. Mari’s Christian perception justifies the spiritual perception of life; her thoughts on keeping the pregnancy is in line with the Christian view of life preservation (Gash, 2016).
From the analysis of the situation, I tend to agree with Dr. Wilsons scientism theory. From nature, the fittest organism often survive while those with unfavorable characteristics die. From the cases study, there is low chances of survival for the fetus after birth. Terminating the pregnancy in this case is medically allowed. Dr. Wilson’s scientism theory justifies recommendation for abortion.
References
Gash, L. J. (2016). Would you like genes with that?: Romanticism and the debate over genetically modified food (Doctoral dissertation, University of Tasmania).
Gaunt, T. R., Shihab, H. A., Hemani, G., Min, J. L., Woodward, G., Lyttleton, O., … & Ring, S. M. (2016). Systematic identification of genetic influences on methylation across the human life course. Genome biology, 17(1), 1-14.
Shelly, J.A., & Miller, A.B. (2016). Called to Care: A Christian Worldview for Nursing (2nd ed.). Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic/InterVarsity Press Case Study: Fetal Abnormality (Moral Status Essay).
Sample Answer 2 for PHI 413V Topic 2 Assignment Case Study on Moral Status (Fetal Abnormality)
Healthcare providers make numerous ethical decisions when dealing with patients. Providers follow institutionalized approaches in making fast decisions concerning care based on the worldview that patients are using or accept to guide them in such situations. While providers have ethical principles based on the medical ethics and code of conduct and base their decisions on scientific evidence as well as compatible ethical theories, they must consider patients’ approached to ethics and their ability to make moral decisions (Beckwith & Thornton, 2020). The purpose of this paper is to offer a reflection about a case related to ethics and the theories that individuals in the case use related to the moral status of human beings.
Christian View of the Nature of Human Person and Compatible Theory
The Christians believe that human persons are God’s special creation as He created them in his image based on the concept of “Imago Dei.” Christians advance that each living human being has a spirit and this is the primary reason why they deserve dignity and respect (Müller, 2020). The implication is that an individual’s identity is an outcome of being a person and not the acts of one’s acts of consciousness, intelligence and freedom. Human beings have the inherent dignity as individuals and should be respected. For Christians, life is a sacred gift from God and begins at conception and should be respected.
The Christian view of the nature of human persons is compatible with the cognitive properties theory. According to this theory, all individuals, including the fetus in the womb after conception, possess cognition that consists of memory, perception, awareness, understanding and logic. Christians consider human beings as possessing self-awareness, implying that they understand the present, past, and can predict or hope for a better future (Beckwith & Thornton, 2020). The cognitive properties model asserts that individuals have inherent freedom and free will to make any decision and the capacity to participate in purposeful deeds. Therefore, the model is related to inherent human value and dignity as it shows that human beings are superior creations.
Theories Being Used in Determination of the Moral Status of the Fetus
The different individuals in the case study use diverse theories in determining the moral status of Jessica’s unborn child. Jessica and her Aunt employ a variety of theories based on the gender as women and their belief as Christians. Imperatively, Maria has a Christian view of the moral status of a human being and believes that all life is sacred (Milliken, 2018). Consequently, she advances that Jessica has a responsibility before God to carry the pregnancy irrespective of the nature of the child that will be born.
Maria uses human properties theory which values humans because of the intrinsic value that they possess. The fetus has genetic code of its parents and abortion or termination should be considered as murder. Jessica employs the moral agency theory and relational theory as she must make a decision to determine the moral status of the fetus (Brown, 2018). She demonstrates intrapersonal conflict as she is in a dilemma on which moral status theory to use in determining the fetus’s moral status. Jessica’s relationship as the mother of the child also complicates the situation as she must consider her obligations as insisted by her aunt. She must also know that she has obligations before God who has entrusted her with the pregnancy.
Doctor Wilson advances the theory of cognitive properties which suggests that for something or someone to have moral status, they must demonstrate cognition and high levels of awareness and rationality. However, at its age, the fetus lacks these abilities and can be terminated according to the physician. The doctor also holds this view as he informs the family about each possible solution to the issue (Surovell, 2018). Marco, Jessica’s husband holds the relational theory as he advances that he will support whatever decision that she makes in the case. Marco also agrees with Dr. Wilson and views as well as places the larger value on the future of the child (Milliken, 2018). For instance, he considers the economic hardship that the child will create and how they will manage it. Marco is ready for any decision that his wife will make concerning the fetus as he acknowledges the right of the expectant mother to make decisions about her health, her body and the unborn baby.
Theories Determining or Influencing Their Recommendations
The relationship theory and the moral agency model influence both Marco and Jessica in this case. Marco employs these theories since Jessica has the ultimate final decision. Further, relationship theory influences Maria’s view about the determination of the pregnancy as she asserts that it is wrong and persuades Jessica to maintain as the mother of the unborn child based on her belief in God. The theory of cognitive properties influences Dr. Wilson as he stresses the benefits of terminating the pregnancy for Jessica (Brown, 2018). The theory is based on scientific evidence and associated aspects.
Theory in Agreement & Influence on Recommended Action
The theory that I agree with concerning the moral status of human being is one advanced by Maria, the relationship model. While it is true based on the cognitive properties that a human being attains moral status because of cognition, the Christian view is different and having a relationship with the fetus, Jessica should not terminate the pregnancy (Surovell, 2018). The theory would impact my recommendation by suggesting the Jessica should weigh her obligation as a mother and human being before making any decision. While she may opt for termination of the pregnancy, she must consider the psychological effects that it constitutes in the final analysis.
Conclusion
The Christian nature of human persons is explicit that they are created in God’s image and have intrinsic value, right from conception. The view aligns with the cognitive properties theory and any decision concerning termination of life should be weighed against these moral values. The case study shows the people use different theories to determine the moral status of human beings, including unborn children or fetuses.
References
Beckwith, F., & Thornton, A. K. (2020). Moral status and the architects of principlism.
The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine, 45(4-5): 504-520). https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhaa019
Brown, M. T. (2018). The moral status of the human embryo. The Journal of Medicine and
Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine, 43(2): 132-158). https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhx035
Milliken, A. (2018). Refining moral agency: Insights from moral psychology and moral
philosophy. Nursing Philosophy, 19(1), e12185. https://doi.org/10.1111/nup.12185
Müller, S. (2020). Concepts and dimensions of human dignity in the Christian tradition.
Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society, 6(1), 22-55. https://brill.com/view/journals/jrat/6/1/article-p22_3.xml
Surovell, J. (2018). But for the Grace of God: Abortion and Cognitive Disability, Luck and
Moral Status. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 20(2), 257–277. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44955509